Dermal Penetration Studies of Potential Phenolic Compounds Ex Vivo and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Quantitative Profile of Identified Phenolic Compounds of Apple Extract
2.2. Ex Vivo Test of the Skin Permeation of Individual Phenolic Compounds
2.3. Ex Vivo Test of the Skin Permeation of Individual Phenolic Compounds from Semi-Solid Forms
2.4. Antioxidant Activity In Vitro
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials
3.2. Chemicals and Solvents
3.3. Preparation of the 1.0% Ethanolic Apple Extract
3.4. Preparation of the 1.0% Ethanolic Mixture of Phenolic Compounds
3.5. HPLC-PDA Analysis for the Establishment of Phenolic Compounds
3.6. Preparation of Semi-Solid Formulations
3.7. Ex Vivo Skin Penetration Study
3.8. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
3.9. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | Emulsion | Emulgel | Gel | Ointment | Oleogel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poloxamer 407, g | - | Mixed emulsion and gel 1:1 | 18.0 | - | - |
Glycerin, g | 10.0 | - | - | - | |
Olive oil, g | 10.0 | - | - | - | |
Span 20, g | 6.0 | - | - | - | |
Tween 20, g | 6.0 | - | - | - | |
Vaseline, g | - | - | ad 100.0 | - | |
PIONIER® PLW, g | - | - | - | ad 100.0 | |
Water, g | ad 100.0 | ad 100.0 | - | - | |
Content, g | 100.0 ± 0.5 | 100.0 ± 0.5 | 100.0 ± 0.5 | 100.0 ± 0.5 |
Chlorogenic Acid | Rutin | Quercetin | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Epidermis | ||||
Antioxidant activity | Pearson correlation | 0.688 | 0.500 | 0.729 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.200 | 0.391 | 0.162 | |
Dermis | ||||
Antioxidant activity | Pearson correlation | 0.765 | 0.824 | 0.843 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.132 | 0.087 | 0.073 |
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Butkeviciute, A.; Ramanauskiene, K.; Kurapkiene, V.; Janulis, V. Dermal Penetration Studies of Potential Phenolic Compounds Ex Vivo and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro. Plants 2022, 11, 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151901
Butkeviciute A, Ramanauskiene K, Kurapkiene V, Janulis V. Dermal Penetration Studies of Potential Phenolic Compounds Ex Vivo and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro. Plants. 2022; 11(15):1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151901
Chicago/Turabian StyleButkeviciute, Aurita, Kristina Ramanauskiene, Vaida Kurapkiene, and Valdimaras Janulis. 2022. "Dermal Penetration Studies of Potential Phenolic Compounds Ex Vivo and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro" Plants 11, no. 15: 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151901