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Article

Structured Populations of Critically Endangered Yellow Water Lily (Nuphar shimadai Hayata, Nymphaeaceae)

by
Junaldo A. Mantiquilla
1,2,†,
Hsueh-Yu Lu
1,†,
Huei-Chuan Shih
3,
Li-Ping Ju
4,*,
Meng-Shin Shiao
5,* and
Yu-Chung Chiang
1,6,*
1
Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
2
Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Mintal, Davao City 8022, Philippines
3
Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
4
Fushan Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Yilan County 264013, Taiwan
5
Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
6
Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2022, 11(18), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182433
Submission received: 16 August 2022 / Revised: 13 September 2022 / Accepted: 14 September 2022 / Published: 19 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetic Resources)
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Abstract

Yellow water lily (Nuphar shimadai Hayata) is a critically endangered species in Taiwan. Here, we examined genetic structures of four extant populations, WP, GPa, GPb and GPn, using 39 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Positive genetic correlation was observed within 50 m, beyond which no correlation was detected due to isolation by distance according to Mantel correlogram. This suggests a significant genetic structuring of the species. Besides, multilocus genotype (MLG) analysis revealed that GPa was a panmictic population and the species’ putative center of origin. Genetic exchange was observed between GPa and GPb populations, which likely resulted from their geographic proximity. Nevertheless, there was a strong asymmetric migration detected from GPa to WP, but a recent genetic barrier prevented dispersal further northward (WP). Geneland estimated the best number of clusters as K = 2, where WP distinctly separated from the rest of the populations. In STRUCTURE output of K = 3, a third cluster was abundant only in WP. We suggest to consider GPn and WP as separate conservation units, being far from GPa. There is indeed a need to investigate these populations; as predicted, Ne = 1.6 to 3.0 is considered low and that may put the species at risk of extinction.
Keywords: Nuphar shimadai Hayata; genetic variation; population structure; simple sequence repeat (SSR); geographic isolation Nuphar shimadai Hayata; genetic variation; population structure; simple sequence repeat (SSR); geographic isolation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mantiquilla, J.A.; Lu, H.-Y.; Shih, H.-C.; Ju, L.-P.; Shiao, M.-S.; Chiang, Y.-C. Structured Populations of Critically Endangered Yellow Water Lily (Nuphar shimadai Hayata, Nymphaeaceae). Plants 2022, 11, 2433. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182433

AMA Style

Mantiquilla JA, Lu H-Y, Shih H-C, Ju L-P, Shiao M-S, Chiang Y-C. Structured Populations of Critically Endangered Yellow Water Lily (Nuphar shimadai Hayata, Nymphaeaceae). Plants. 2022; 11(18):2433. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182433

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mantiquilla, Junaldo A., Hsueh-Yu Lu, Huei-Chuan Shih, Li-Ping Ju, Meng-Shin Shiao, and Yu-Chung Chiang. 2022. "Structured Populations of Critically Endangered Yellow Water Lily (Nuphar shimadai Hayata, Nymphaeaceae)" Plants 11, no. 18: 2433. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182433

APA Style

Mantiquilla, J. A., Lu, H.-Y., Shih, H.-C., Ju, L.-P., Shiao, M.-S., & Chiang, Y.-C. (2022). Structured Populations of Critically Endangered Yellow Water Lily (Nuphar shimadai Hayata, Nymphaeaceae). Plants, 11(18), 2433. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182433

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