Seed Priming with Glass Waste Microparticles and Red Light Irradiation Mitigates Thermal and Water Stresses in Seedlings of Moringa oleifera
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Principal Components and Multivariate Variance
2.2. Responses to Thermal and Water Stresses and Mitigation by Seed Priming
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design
4.2. Seed Priming Application
4.3. Seedling Formation, Temperature Variations, and Soil Water Replenishment
4.4. Variables Evaluated
4.4.1. Exchange Evaluations
4.4.2. Cell Membrane Integrity and Leaf Water Status
4.4.3. Indicators of Osmotic Adjustment
4.4.4. Activity of the Antioxidant Mechanism
4.4.5. Total Dry Matter Accumulation
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EV—Evaluated Variables | PC—Principal Components | ||
---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | |
EL—Electrolyte leakage | −0.30 | −0.06 | 0.28 |
RWC—Relative water content | −0.94 * | −0.10 | 0.18 |
A—Net photosynthetic rate | −0.07 | 0.67 * | 0.45 |
gs—Stomatal conductance | −0.80 * | 0.48 | 0.24 |
E—Transpiration | −0.89 * | 0.26 | 0.17 |
Ci—Internal CO2 concentration | −0.89 * | 0.30 | −0.05 |
PRO—Proline in leaves | 0.91 * | 0.05 | 0.19 |
TSP-L—Total soluble proteins in leaves | 0.85 * | 0.34 | 0.05 |
TSP-R—Total soluble proteins in roots | −0.46 | 0.45 | −0.71 * |
TSS-L—Total soluble sugars in leaves | 0.73 * | −0.43 | −0.38 |
TSS-R—Total soluble sugars in roots | −0.33 | −0.25 | 0.17 |
SOD-L—Superoxide dismutase in leaves | −0.56 | −0.70 * | 0.32 |
SOD-R—Superoxide dismutase in roots | 0.36 | −0.28 | 0.54 |
CAT-L—Catalase in leaves | −0.77 * | −0.46 | 0.23 |
CAT-R—Catalase in roots | 0.47 | −0.22 | 0.77 * |
TDM—Total dry matter | 0.66 * | 0.57 * | 0.36 |
λ—Eigenvalues | 6.98 | 2.43 | 1.88 |
s2 (%)—Explained variance | 53.67 | 18.71 | 14.49 |
s2 (%)—Cumulative variance | 53.67 | 72.38 | 86.87 |
MANOVA—Multivariate analysis of variance | Significance probability (p-value) | ||
Hotelling’s T-squared test for seed priming—SP | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Hotelling’s T-squared test for soil water replenishment—SWR | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Hotelling’s T-squared test for temperature change—TC | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Hotelling’s T-squared test for the SP × SWR interaction | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Hotelling’s T-squared test for the SP × TC interaction | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Hotelling’s T-squared test for the SWR × TC interaction | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Hotelling’s T-squared test for the SP × SWR × TC interaction | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Principal Components | No Seed Priming | Seed Priming with SiMPs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W50 | W100 | W50 | W100 | |||||
T30° | T40° | T30° | T40° | T30° | T40° | T30° | T40° | |
Factor Score Means for Each Component | ||||||||
PC1 | 0.72bBα | −0.82bAβ | 1.51aAα | −1.41bBβ | 0.93aAα | −0.65aAβ | 0.53bBα | −0.82aBβ |
PC2 | −0.52aBα | −1.80bBβ | −0.04bAβ | 0.80aAα | −0.31aBα | −0.45aBα | 1.52aAα | 0.81aAβ |
PC3 | 0.58aBα | 0.41aBα | 1.25aAα | 1.17aAα | −1.56bBβ | −0.81bAα | −0.14bAα | −0.91bAβ |
Variables | Means ± Standard error of the original variables | |||||||
EL (%) | 19.00 ± 0.32 | 14.27 ± 1.02 | 11.71 ± 0.66 | 18.00 ± 0.32 | 13.27 ± 0.19 | 11.78 ± 0.92 | 11.73 ± 0.66 | 15.27 ± 0.80 |
RWC (%) | 83.72 ± 0.79 | 99.75 ± 0.37 | 79.81 ± 0.33 | 111.88 ± 1.00 | 79.65 ± 0.33 | 101.98 ± 0.95 | 79.62 ± 0.67 | 95.52 ± 0.86 |
TDM (g) | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.00 | 1.03 ± 0.01 | 0.53 ± 0.01 | 0.52 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 0.54 ± 0.02 |
A (µmol of CO2 m−2 s−1) | 3.09 ± 0.09 | 2.67 ± 0.07 | 2.79 ± 0.03 | 3.13 ± 0.06 | 2.53 ± 0.13 | 2.68 ± 0.02 | 3.30 ± 0.14 | 2.91 ± 0.03 |
gs (mol of H2O m−2 s−1) | 16.00 ± 0.45 | 20.83 ± 0.05 | 14.53 ± 0.34 | 33.97 ± 0.16 | 14.70 ± 0.46 | 19.90 ± 0.71 | 22.93 ± 0.61 | 24.93 ± 1.09 |
E (mmol of H2O m−2 s−1) | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 1.10 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.00 | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.00 | 0.81 ± 0.01 |
Ci (µmol m−2 s−1) | 86.37 ± 1.29 | 181.33 ± 2.68 | 78.53 ± 0.78 | 233.07 ± 3.47 | 119.90 ± 0.18 | 152.03 ± 1.42 | 167.17 ± 0.78 | 199.67 ± 1.56 |
PRO (µmol g−1 FM) | 796.05 ± 2.16 | 60.68 ± 0.83 | 650.88 ± 10.7 | 27.25 ± 1.04 | 475.88 ± 2.06 | 44.08 ± 0.46 | 521.93 ± 0.77 | 28.15 ± 0.35 |
TSP-L (mg g−1 FM) | 3.28 ± 0.04 | 1.08 ± 0.03 | 8.85 ± 0.03 | 2.78 ± 0.06 | 7.04 ± 0.03 | 1.61 ± 0.03 | 6.42 ± 0.03 | 2.61 ± 0.03 |
TSP-R (mg g−1 FM) | 2.38 ± 0.12 | 1.94 ± 0.05 | 0.92 ± 0.05 | 3.50 ± 0.16 | 4.02 ± 0.16 | 4.58 ± 0.03 | 3.89 ± 0.14 | 6.58 ± 0.11 |
TSS-L (mg g−1 FM) | 6.41 ± 0.26 | 6.17 ± 0.14 | 6.31 ± 0.15 | 3.83 ± 0.24 | 8.05 ± 0.13 | 5.30 ± 0.27 | 5.76 ± 0.23 | 4.75 ± 0.06 |
TSS-R (mg g−1 FM) | 6.28 ± 0.06 | 4.93 ± 0.20 | 4.48 ± 0.30 | 5.39 ± 0.33 | 4.23 ± 0.03 | 5.21 ± 0.13 | 3.64 ± 0.32 | 5.47 ± 0.31 |
SOD-L (µmol min−1 mg−1 TSP) | 69.10 ± 1.23 | 180.92 ± 5.13 | 32.55 ± 0.24 | 89.75 ± 1.57 | 22.52 ± 1.07 | 83.62 ± 0.48 | 21.76 ± 0.42 | 32.23 ± 0.22 |
SOD-R (µmol min−1 mg−1 TSP) | 44.26 ± 0.60 | 138.98 ± 1.54 | 178.90 ± 0.89 | 86.46 ± 1.07 | 82.21 ± 1.57 | 48.22 ± 1.28 | 87.32 ± 1.03 | 29.05 ± 1.32 |
CAT-L (µmol H2O2 min−1 mg−1 TSP) | 7.47 ± 0.19 | 16.47 ± 0.53 | 3.25 ± 0.15 | 11.15 ± 0.68 | 2.41 ± 0.14 | 7.41 ± 0.68 | 1.98 ± 0.13 | 10.68 ± 0.47 |
CAT-R (µmol H2O2 min−1 mg−1 TSP) | 26.56 ± 1.42 | 14.81 ± 0.90 | 42.60 ± 1.29 | 18.67 ± 0.58 | 7.66 ± 0.39 | 5.91 ± 0.13 | 4.74 ± 0.55 | 4.40 ± 0.31 |
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Costa, P.d.S.; Ferraz, R.L.d.S.; Dantas Neto, J.; Bonou, S.I.; Cavalcante, I.E.; Alencar, R.S.d.; Melo, Y.L.; Magalhães, I.D.; Ndhlala, A.R.; Schneider, R.; et al. Seed Priming with Glass Waste Microparticles and Red Light Irradiation Mitigates Thermal and Water Stresses in Seedlings of Moringa oleifera. Plants 2022, 11, 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192510
Costa PdS, Ferraz RLdS, Dantas Neto J, Bonou SI, Cavalcante IE, Alencar RSd, Melo YL, Magalhães ID, Ndhlala AR, Schneider R, et al. Seed Priming with Glass Waste Microparticles and Red Light Irradiation Mitigates Thermal and Water Stresses in Seedlings of Moringa oleifera. Plants. 2022; 11(19):2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192510
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta, Patrícia da Silva, Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz, José Dantas Neto, Semako Ibrahim Bonou, Igor Eneas Cavalcante, Rayanne Silva de Alencar, Yuri Lima Melo, Ivomberg Dourado Magalhães, Ashwell Rungano Ndhlala, Ricardo Schneider, and et al. 2022. "Seed Priming with Glass Waste Microparticles and Red Light Irradiation Mitigates Thermal and Water Stresses in Seedlings of Moringa oleifera" Plants 11, no. 19: 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192510