Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivities of Cactaceae Family Members Endemic to Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Extraction
2.2. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity
2.3. Phytochemical Screening
2.3.1. Alkaloids
2.3.2. Test for Saponins
2.3.3. Triterpene Assay
2.3.4. Tannin Tests
2.3.5. Assays for Flavonoids
2.3.6. Cyanogenic Glycoside Assay
2.4. Cardiotonic Glycosides and Sesquiterpene Lactones Tests
2.5. Chromatographic Analysis
2.6. Brine Shrimp Assay
2.7. Antimicrobial Assay
2.8. Cytotoxicity Test
2.9. Inflammatory Activity
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Antioxidant Capacity
3.2. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis
3.3. Chromatographic Analysis
3.4. Brine Shrimp Assay
3.5. Antimicrobial Activity
3.6. Cytotoxicity Test
3.7. Inflammatory Activity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Species | Extract | Origen | IC50 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ferocactus echidne F. latispinus Mammillaria geminispina | Ethanol | Nursery Plant a | 0.42 c 1.55 c 1.57 c | This work |
M. hahniana | Ethanol | Nursery Plant b | 4.85 d | [25] |
M. polythele | 7.16 d | |||
M. spinosisima | 10.60 d | |||
M. springlei | 6.41 d | |||
M. supertexta | 7.23 d | |||
Notocactus leninghausii | 7.16 d | |||
N. magnificus | 5.55 d | |||
N. roseoluteus | 9.52 d | |||
N. shlosserii | 9.59 d | |||
Astrophytum myriostigma | Ethanol | Nursery Plant a | 3.96 c | [26] |
A. myriostigma | Callus | 0.19 c | ||
Astrophytum capricorne | Nursery Plant a | 0.30 c | [27] | |
Ariocarpus retusus | Wild Plant a | 0.26 c | ||
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus | Wild Plant a | 0.34 c | ||
Ascorbic acid | --- | --- | 0.13 c | This work |
Type of Metabolite | Reagent | Presence of the Metabolites | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ferocactus echidne | Ferocactus latispinus | Mammillaria geminispina | ||
Alkaloids | Mayer | + | − | − |
Dragendorff | − | − | − | |
Wagner | + | − | − | |
Saponins | Hot water | +++ | + | + |
Triterpenes | Acetic anhydride | − | − | − |
Taninns | Iron(III) chloride | + | + | ++ |
Gelatin reagent | + | + | − | |
Flavonoids | Ammonia vapors | − | − | − |
Shinoda | − | − | − | |
Pew Test | − | − | − | |
NaOH | − | − | + | |
Cyanogenic glycosides | Grignard | − | − | − |
Cardiotonic glycosides and sesquiterpene lactones | Baljet | + | + | + |
Sample | [M-H]+ | Compound | Sample | [M-H]− | Compound |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F. echidne | 124.0393 | Nicotinic acid | F. echidne | 150.0924 | N-methyltyramide |
155.0339 | Gentisic acid | 164.1081 | Hordenine | ||
301.0707 | Diosmetin | F. latispinus | 150.0924 | N-methyltyramide | |
F. latispinus | 124.0393 | Nicotinic acid | 164.1080 | Hordenine | |
155.0339 | Gentisic acid | ||||
355.1024 | Chlorogenic acid | ||||
M. geminispina | 355.1024 | Chlorogenic acid |
Ethanol Extract | Bacteria | Fungi | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram-Positive | Gram-Negative | |||||||||||
Lm | Sa | C-Sa | MR-Sa | Ab | C-Ab | C-Kp | Ec | Pa | C-Pa | Ca | Cr | |
F. echidne | 300 | 500 | 300 | 500 | 2000 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 300 | 1000 | 300 |
F. latispinus | 500 | 500 | 300 | 600 | 2000 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 200 | 300 | 1000 | 1000 |
M. geminispina | 500 | 400 | 300 | 500 | 2000 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 300 | 200 | 200 |
Species | Extract | IC50 | Cell Line | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ferocactus echidne | Ethanol stems | 46.50 a 11.62 a (24 h) 83.13 a | C6 HaCaT U937 | This work |
Mammillaria geminispina | Ethanol stems | 121.08 a 6.77 a (24 h) 37.74 a | C6 HaCaT U937 | |
Hylocereus undatus | Ethanol | >100 a (72 h) | K562 | [55] |
Myrtillocactus geometrizans | Chichipegenina | >200 b (72 h) | PC-3 | [19] |
Peniocerol | 19.35 b (72 h) | PC-3 | ||
Macdougalina | 20.78 b (72 h) | PC-3 | ||
Opuntia stricta | Acetone dried | 46.84 a (48 h) | U937 | [56] |
Ethanol fresh | 118.88 a (48 h) | U937 | ||
Pereskia aculeata | Methanol | >100 a (48 h) | MCF-7, HL60 | [57] |
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Rodríguez-Mendoza, C.A.; González Campos, R.E.; Lorenzo-Leal, A.C.; Bautista Rodríguez, E.; Paredes Juárez, G.A.; El Kassis, E.G.; Hernández, L.R.; Juárez, Z.N.; Bach, H. Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivities of Cactaceae Family Members Endemic to Mexico. Plants 2022, 11, 2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212856
Rodríguez-Mendoza CA, González Campos RE, Lorenzo-Leal AC, Bautista Rodríguez E, Paredes Juárez GA, El Kassis EG, Hernández LR, Juárez ZN, Bach H. Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivities of Cactaceae Family Members Endemic to Mexico. Plants. 2022; 11(21):2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212856
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodríguez-Mendoza, Clara Angélica, Rubí Esmeralda González Campos, Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal, Elizabeth Bautista Rodríguez, Genaro Alberto Paredes Juárez, Elie Girgis El Kassis, Luis Ricardo Hernández, Zaida Nelly Juárez, and Horacio Bach. 2022. "Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivities of Cactaceae Family Members Endemic to Mexico" Plants 11, no. 21: 2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212856