Impact of Grazing on Diversity of Semi-Arid Rangelands in Crete Island in the Context of Climatic Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Do patterns of species diversity indices and composition differ among rangelands exposed to different grazing intensities?
- (b)
- Do these differences vary among rangelands with different altitudes and climatic conditions?
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Field Data
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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R | SE | GS | IdM | T | P | Altitude | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | 1 | ||||||
SE | −0.073 | 1 | |||||
GS | −0.280 | 0.861 ** | 1 | ||||
IdM | 0.059 | −0.876 ** | −0.678 | 1 | |||
T | −0.295 | 0.894 ** | 0.795 * | −0.954 ** | 1 | ||
P | −0.174 | −0.766 * | −0.498 | 0.947 ** | −0.809 * | 1 | |
Altitude | 0.218 | −0.888 ** | −0.763 * | 0.980 ** | −0.986 ** | 0.882 ** | 1 |
Forage Production (g m−2) | FUP (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fenced Plots | Grazed Sites | |||||
Rangeland (R) | 2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 |
Nida | 122.2 ± 6.03 b | 120.2 ± 5.5 bc | 15.8 ± 1.4 d | 18.8 ± 1.1 d | 87.1 ± 0.9 a | 84.4 ± 0.5 a |
Vroulidia | 126.7 ± 9.5 b | 116.5 ± 7.3 c | 29.9 ± 1.7 c | 30.2 ± 2.2 c | 76.1 ± 0.8 b | 74.1 ± 1.0 b |
Pyrathi | 189.2 ± 24.2 a | 173.6 ± 22.2 a | 45.7 ± 6.5 b | 42.2 ± 4.9 b | 76 ± 0.7 b | 75.1± 1.8 b |
Faistos | 134.4 ± 4.0 b | 151.4 ± 5.3 b | 111.5 ± 3.3 a | 128.9 ± 4.8 a | 17.00 ± 0.8 c | 14.9 ± 0.8 c |
R | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** | <0.001 ** | |||
Year | 0.748 ns | 0.084 ns | 0.003 * | |||
R X Year | 0.567 ns | 0.017 * | 0.761 ns |
Wald Chi-Square | df | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Year | 0.033 | 1 | p ≥ 0.05 ns |
Rangeland | 0.045 | 3 | p ≥ 0.05 ns |
Functional group | 116.816 | 4 | <0.001 * |
Year * Rangeland | 0.014 | 3 | p ≥ 0.05 ns |
Rangeland * Functional group | 80.120 | 12 | <0.001 * |
Lowland Rangelands | Highland Rangelands | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Faistos | Pyrathi | Vroulidia | Nida | |||||
2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 | |
* HE/R | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.31 |
* GS/R | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
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Karatassiou, M.; Parissi, Z.M.; Panajiotidis, S.; Stergiou, A. Impact of Grazing on Diversity of Semi-Arid Rangelands in Crete Island in the Context of Climatic Change. Plants 2022, 11, 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070982
Karatassiou M, Parissi ZM, Panajiotidis S, Stergiou A. Impact of Grazing on Diversity of Semi-Arid Rangelands in Crete Island in the Context of Climatic Change. Plants. 2022; 11(7):982. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070982
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaratassiou, Maria, Zoi M. Parissi, Sampson Panajiotidis, and Afroditi Stergiou. 2022. "Impact of Grazing on Diversity of Semi-Arid Rangelands in Crete Island in the Context of Climatic Change" Plants 11, no. 7: 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070982