Phytochemical Composition of Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) Fruits Growing in Protected Areas of Lithuania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Fruit Samples
Site | Coordinates | Altitude (m) | Collection Time | Characteristics of the Wetland Environment |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 56°18′55.3″ N 22°36′43.0″ E | 81.7 | 1. 31 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Mesotrophic habitat; ass. Caricetum lasiocarpae Osvald 1923 em. Dierssen 1982; dominant plants: Carex lasiocarpa, Oxycoccos palustris, Sphagnum fallax. |
B | 56°18′44.2″ N 22°38′08.6″ E | 81.0 | 1. 27 August 2021 2. 19 October 2021 | Oligotrophic habitat; ass. Sphagnetum magellanici (Malcuit 1929) Kästner et Flössner 1933, this community is not quite typical, as it has elements of the intermediate type of swamps such as Carex rostrata; dominant plants: Andromeda polifolia, Oxycoccos palustris, Carex rostrata, Sphagnum magellanicum s. l. |
C | 56°18′35.7″ N 22°38′24.4″ E | 83.3 | 1. 27 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Eutrophic habitat: a lot of cranberry thickets, they are concentrated on tufts, pronounced microrelief; dominant plants: Oxycoccos palustris, Calla palustris, Eriophorum vaginatum, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Sphagnum palustre, S. flexuosum. |
D | 56°18′22.1″ N 22°39′07.4″ E | 84.9 | 1. 31 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Mesotrophic habitat; ass. Caricetum lasiocarpae Osvald 1923 em. Dierssen 1982; dominant plants: Carex lasiocarpa, Oxycoccos palustris, Phragmites australis, Sphagnum fallax. |
E | 56°17′34.3″ N 22°39′25.4″ E | 81.5 | 1. 30 August 2021 2. 18 October 2021 | Oligotrophic habitat; ass. Sphagnetum magellanici (Malcuit 1929) Kästner et Flössner 1933, this community is not quite typical, as it has elements of the intermediate type of swamps such as Carex rostrata; dominant plants: Andromeda polifolia, Carex rostrata, Oxycoccos palustris, Sphagnum magellanicum s. l. |
F | 56°17′20.7″ N 22°37′54.2″ E | 82.0 | 1. 30 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Oligotrophic habitat; ass. Sphagnetum magellanici (Malcuit 1929) Kästner et Flössner 1933; dominant plants: Andromeda polifolia, Eriophorum vaginatum, Oxycoccos palustris, Phragmites australis, Sphagnum magellanicum s. l. |
G | 56°17′19.7″ N 22°38′00.0″ E | 82.0 | 1. 30 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Oligotrophic habitat; ass. Sphagnetum magellanici (Malcuit 1929) Kästner et Flössner 1933), this community is not quite typical, as it has elements of the intermediate type of swamps such as Carex rostrata; dominant plants: Andromeda polifolia, Oxycoccos palustris, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum magellanicum s. l. |
H | 56°16′44.4″ N 22°36′56.0″ E | 79.0 | 1. 30 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Mesotrophic habitat; ass. Caricetum lasiocarpae Osvald 1923 em. Dierssen 1982; dominant plants: Carex lasiocarpa, Oxycoccos palustris, Phragmites australis, Sphagnum fallax. |
J | 56°16′18.4″ N 22°37′17.7″ E | 81.0 | 1. 30 August 2021 2. 14 October 2021 | Oligotrophic habitat; ass. Sphagnetum magellanici (Malcuit 1929) Kästner et Flössner 1933; dominant plants: Andromeda polifolia, Oxycoccos palustris, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum magellanicum s. l. |
K | 54°27′08.1″ N 23°35′26.1″ E | 84.9 | 1. 31 August 2021 2. 11 October 2021 | Mesotrophic habitat; Sphagnum fallax—Eriophorum angustifolium communities, Ass. Caricetum lasiocarpae Osvald 1923 em. Dierssen 1982; ass. Scorpidio-Caricetum diandrae Osvald 1923; ass. Sphagno-Caricetum rostratae Osvald 1923 em. Steffen 1931; dominant plants: Oxycoccos palustris, Phragmites australis, Sphagnum fallax [43]. |
L | 54°27′49.7″ N 23°35′59.8″ E | 86.0 | 1. 31 August 2021 2. 11 October 2021 | Oligotrophic habitat; ass. Sphagnetum magellanici Sukopp 1959 ex Neuhäusl 1969; ass. Sphagno tenelli-Rhynchosporetum albae Osvald (1923) em. Dierssen 1982; dominant plants: Oxycoccos palustris, Sphagnum fallax, Andromeda polifolia, Calluna vulgaris, Ledum palustre [43]. |
M | 54°27′42.4″ N 23°36′11.8″ E | 86.0 | 1. 31 August 2021 2. 11 October 2021 | Mesotrophic habitat; Sphagnum fallax—Eriophorum angustifolium communities, ass. Caricetum lasiocarpae Osvald 1923 em. Dierssen 1982; ass. Scorpidio-Caricetum diandrae Osvald 1923; ass. Sphagno-Caricetum rostratae Osvald 1923 em. Steffen 1931; dominant plants: Oxycoccos palustris, Sphagnum fallax, Eriophorum vaginatum [43]. |
4.2. Chemicals
4.3. Sample Extraction
4.4. Spectrophotometric Technique
4.5. UPLC Separation and Quantification
4.5.1. Analysis of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins
4.5.2. Analysis of Flavonols
4.5.3. Analysis of Triterpene Compounds
4.6. Statistical Design and Methods
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Šedbarė, R.; Sprainaitytė, S.; Baublys, G.; Viskelis, J.; Janulis, V. Phytochemical Composition of Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) Fruits Growing in Protected Areas of Lithuania. Plants 2023, 12, 1974. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101974
Šedbarė R, Sprainaitytė S, Baublys G, Viskelis J, Janulis V. Phytochemical Composition of Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) Fruits Growing in Protected Areas of Lithuania. Plants. 2023; 12(10):1974. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101974
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠedbarė, Rima, Sigita Sprainaitytė, Gintaras Baublys, Jonas Viskelis, and Valdimaras Janulis. 2023. "Phytochemical Composition of Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) Fruits Growing in Protected Areas of Lithuania" Plants 12, no. 10: 1974. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101974