Effect of the Combination of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Orange Residue-Based Activator on the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Ryegrass
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Orange Peel Residue-Based Activator
2.2. Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
2.2.1. Cultivation of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
2.2.2. The Pro-Growth Secretions of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
2.3. Pot Experiment
2.4. Analysis of Plant Samples
2.5. Analysis of Soil Samples
2.5.1. Nutrient Elements
2.5.2. Toxic Metals Elements Detection
2.5.3. Soil Enzyme Activity
2.6. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and High-Throughput Sequencing
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Growth Promoting Properties of A. pitti
3.2. Effect of APOG on the Phytoremediation of Cadmium from Soil to Ryegrass
3.3. Effect of APOG on the Enzyme Activities in Soil
3.4. Effect of APOG on the Diversity of Soil Bacterial Communities
3.5. Relationships of Nutrient Elements with Bacterial Community, Enzyme Activity, and Plant Extraction Efficiency
3.6. Enhancement Mechanism of Phytoremediation of Cadmium by A. pitti Combined with OG
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicators | Determined Value | Indicators | Determined Value |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.57 ± 0.80 | Available phosphorus (mg kg−1) | 0.63 ± 0.017 |
EC (μS cm−1) | 122.50 ± 2.10 | Available potassium (mg kg−1) | 149.06 ± 7.33 |
Total nitrogen (mg g−1) | 3.27 ± 0.063 | Total organic matter (%) | 1.66 ± 0.03 |
Total phosphorus (mg g−1) | 0.70 ± 0.014 | Total cadmium (mg kg−1) | 2.32 ± 0.06 |
Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg g−1) | 0.36 ± 0.079 | Available cadmium (mg kg−1) | 0.35 ± 0.01 |
Sample | Shannon | Simpson | Ace |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 6.76 ± 0.083 | 0.97 ± 0.004 | 507.48 ± 10.217 |
OG | 6.80 ± 0.156 | 0.98 ± 0.001 | 542.22 ± 47.005 |
APOG | 6.50 ± 0.057 | 0.97 ± 0.003 | 524.38 ± 7.536 |
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Peng, X.; Zhao, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Qin, P.; Wang, M.; Huang, H. Effect of the Combination of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Orange Residue-Based Activator on the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Ryegrass. Plants 2023, 12, 2727. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142727
Peng X, Zhao R, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Qin P, Wang M, Huang H. Effect of the Combination of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Orange Residue-Based Activator on the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Ryegrass. Plants. 2023; 12(14):2727. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142727
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Xin, Rule Zhao, Yuan Yang, Yaoyu Zhou, Yichun Zhu, Pufeng Qin, Mi Wang, and Hongli Huang. 2023. "Effect of the Combination of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Orange Residue-Based Activator on the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Ryegrass" Plants 12, no. 14: 2727. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142727