Age Determination and Growth Characteristics of the Potentilla griffithii: A Comparison of Two Different Habitats in Western Sichuan Plateau, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Can the age of P. griffithii plants be determined by leaf scars? If yes, what is the age structure character of P. griffithii in two typical habitats in the western Sichuan Plateau?
- (2)
- What survival strategies does P. griffithii adopt in different habitats in the western Sichuan Plateau?
- (3)
- Are age–trait relationships consistent enough to allow a general model to accurately predict plant growth conditions, based on plant age?
2. Results
2.1. Age Determination of P. griffithii in Common Garden Individuals
2.2. Age Distribution
2.3. Trait Comparison
2.4. Relationships between Age and Plant Traits
3. Discussion
3.1. Leaf Scars Can Be Used for Aging P. griffithii
3.2. Growth Strategies of P. griffithii in Two Habitats
3.3. Do Age–Trait Relationships Allow a General Model to Accurately Predict Plant Growth Conditions from Plant Age?
3.4. Future Implications
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Species
4.2. Environmental Design
4.2.1. Common Garden Experiment
4.2.2. Field Experiment
4.3. Measurements
4.4. Trait Measurements
- Leaf mass per area (LMA) (g cm−2): LMA = leaf dry mass (g)/leaf area (cm2);
- Mean fruit weight (FruitW) (mg): FruitW = total fruit dry mass (g)/fruit number;
- Specific root length (SRL) (cm g−1): SRL = root length (cm)/below-ground dry mass (g);
- Leaf mass fraction (LMF) (g g−1): LMF = leaf dry mass (g)/total plant dry mass (g);
- Stem mass fraction (SMF) (g g−1): SMF = stem dry mass (g)/total plant dry mass (g);
- Fine root mass fraction (FRMF) (g g−1): FRMF = fine root dry mass (g)/total plant dry mass (g);
- Coarse root mass fraction (FRMF) (g g−1): FRMF = coarse root dry mass (g)/total plant dry mass (g);
- Below-ground biomass mass fraction (FRMF) (g g−1): BEMF = below-ground dry mass (g)/total plant dry mass (g);
- Above-ground biomass mass fraction (ABMF) (g g−1): ABMF = above-ground dry mass (g)/total plant dry mass (g);
- Root/shoot ratio (R/S ratio) (g g−1): R/S ratio = below-ground dry mass (g)/above-ground dry mass (g).
Cate. | No. | Trait Code | Full Name | Explanations (Unit) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Biomass and allocation | 1 | TDM | Total dry mass | The total dry mass below and above the ground (g) |
2 | ABDM | Above-ground dry mass | The total dry mass of leaves and stems (g) | |
3 | BEDM | Below-ground dry mass | The total dry mass of roots (g) | |
4 | R/S | Root-shoot ratio | The ratio of the below-ground and above-ground dry mass | |
5 | ABMF | Above-ground mass fraction | Above-ground dry mass/total plant dry mass (g g−1) | |
6 | BEMF | Below-ground biomass mass fraction | Root dry mass/total plant dry mass (g g−1) | |
7 | LMF | Leaf mass fraction | Leaf dry mass/total plant dry mass (g g−1) | |
8 | SMF | Stem mass fraction | Stem dry mass/total plant dry mass (g g−1) | |
9 | FRMF | Fine root mass fraction | Fine root dry mass/total plant dry mass (g g−1) | |
10 | CRMF | Coarse root mass fraction | Coarse root dry mass/total plant dry mass (g g−1) | |
The whole-plant morphology | 11 | TLN | Total leaf number | Total leaves per individual (No.) |
12 | TFN | Total fruit number | Total aggregate fruits per individual (No.) | |
13 | TSN | Total stem number | Total stems per individual (No.) | |
14 | TLA | Total leaf area | The sum of all the leaf area (cm2) | |
15 | StemD | Stem diameter | Mean stem diameter of two dimensions per stem (mm) | |
16 | StemL | Total stem length | Mean stem length per plant (cm) | |
17 | RootD | Root diameter | Mean coarse root diameter of two dimensions (mm) | |
18 | TRL | Root length | The sum of all the root lengths (cm) | |
19 | FruitW | Mean fruit weight | Mean aggregate fruit weight (mg) | |
20 | SRL | Specific root length | Root length per mass (cm/g) | |
21 | LMA | Leaf mass per area | Leaf mass per unit leaf area (g/cm2) |
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cate. | Traits | Open Land | Understory Grassland | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Samplings | Mean + SE | No. of Samplings | Mean + SE | |||
Biomass and allocation | TDM (g) | 171 | 3.21 ± 0.27 | 126 | 2.93 ± 0.27 | NS |
ABDM (g) | 171 | 1.13 ± 0.11 | 124 | 0.62 ± 0.065 | <0.001 | |
BEDM (g) | 171 | 2.07 ± 0.17 | 126 | 2.31 ± 0.21 | NS | |
R/S | 171 | 2.11 ± 0.097 | 124 | 4.41 ± 0.29 | <0.001 | |
ABMF (g g−1) | 171 | 0.36 ± 0.008 | 124 | 0.22 ± 0.0076 | <0.001 | |
BEMF (g g−1) | 171 | 0.64 ± 0.008 | 126 | 0.78 ± 0.0076 | <0.001 | |
LMF (g g−1) | 171 | 0.31 ± 0.0077 | 126 | 0.21 ± 0.0074 | <0.001 | |
SMF (g g−1) | 90 | 0.077 ± 0.0056 | 37 | 0.059 ± 0.0074 | NS | |
FRMF (g g−1) | 165 | 0.26 ± 0.014 | 124 | 0.21 ± 0.017 | <0.01 | |
CRMF (g g−1) | 171 | 0.55 ± 0.0094 | 126 | 0.69 ± 0.0095 | <0.001 | |
The whole-plant morphology | TLN (No.) | 170 | 21.73 ± 2.13 | 124 | 11.93 ± 1.29 | <0.001 |
TFM (No.) | 90 | 19.47 ± 2.35 | 37 | 14.99 ± 3.44 | NS | |
TSN (No.) | 90 | 2.98 ± 0.27 | 39 | 2.01 ± 0.31 | <0.001 | |
TLA (cm2) | 122 | 73.34 ± 4.53 | 126 | 64.77 ± 3.74 | NS | |
StemD (mm) | 91 | 2.24 ± 0.062 | 39 | 2.11 ± 0.091 | NS | |
StemL (cm) | 91 | 17.65 ± 0.78 | 37 | 22.74 ± 0.79 | <0.001 | |
RootD (mm) | 171 | 7.55 ± 0.26 | 126 | 8.49 ± 0.27 | <0.01 | |
TRL (cm) | 171 | 25.18 ± 1.28 | 126 | 24.41 ± 0.95 | NS | |
FruitW (mg) | 90 | 10.72 ± 0.91 | 37 | 8.1 ± 0.32 | <0.05 | |
SRL (cm g−1) | 171 | 21.98 ± 1.61 | 125 | 20.41 ± 2.77 | NS | |
LMA (mg cm−2) | 121 | 10.89 ± 0.44 | 126 | 7.65 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
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Zhang, X.; Lin, X.; Wei, D.; Bao, W.; Hu, B. Age Determination and Growth Characteristics of the Potentilla griffithii: A Comparison of Two Different Habitats in Western Sichuan Plateau, China. Plants 2023, 12, 2920. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162920
Zhang X, Lin X, Wei D, Bao W, Hu B. Age Determination and Growth Characteristics of the Potentilla griffithii: A Comparison of Two Different Habitats in Western Sichuan Plateau, China. Plants. 2023; 12(16):2920. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162920
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiulong, Xingxing Lin, Dandan Wei, Weikai Bao, and Bin Hu. 2023. "Age Determination and Growth Characteristics of the Potentilla griffithii: A Comparison of Two Different Habitats in Western Sichuan Plateau, China" Plants 12, no. 16: 2920. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162920