Modeling of the Statistical Distribution of Tracheids in Conifer Rings: Finding Universal Criterion for Earlywood–Latewood Distinction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Statistical Distributions of Tracheids in Terms of Radial Cell Diameter, Cell Wall Thickness, and Derivative Traits
2.2. Functional Modeling of the Statistical Distributions
3. Discussion
- The inclusion of the size–age dynamics of the anatomical structure in juvenile wood.
- The continuation of the analysis of the model stability when generalizing tracheidograms at different spatial scales.
- The analysis of model stability during years of growth depression and/or formation of anomalies in the anatomical structure (light rings, IADFs, etc.).
- The use of the obtained quantitative estimates of earlywood and latewood tracheids in the analysis of the influence of climatic factors on wood structure, etc.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area and Sampling Site
4.2. Sampling, Processing and Measurements
4.3. Derivative Criteria for Distinguishing between Tree-Ring Zones
4.4. Modeling of the Cell Statistical Distributions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Tree Species | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pinus sibirica | Picea obovata | Pinus sylvestris | ||
Cover Period | 1968–2017 | 1965–2014 | 1968–2017 | |
Number of measurements | trees | 5 | 5 | 5 |
rings | 249 | 245 | 249 | |
cells before/after averaging over 5 rows | 24,565/4913 | 24,010/4802 | 31,450/6290 | |
Cell traits: mean (min–max) | D, μm | 35.3 (6.9–55.9) | 28.6 (5.3–52.3) | 34.5 (7.8–52.8) |
CWT, μm | 2.9 (1.7–5.7) | 2.6 (1.4–6.2) | 3.3 (1.8–7.7) | |
CWT/D | 0.10 (0.04–0.41) | 0.12 (0.03–0.39) | 0.12 (0.04–0.36) | |
φ, ° | 5.6 (2.5–22.5) | 6.8 (1.9–21.5) | 6.6 (2.4–20.0) | |
Di | 1.00 (0.20–1.58) | 1.00 (0.18–1.83) | 1.00 (0.23–1.53) | |
CWTi | 1.00 (0.60–1.98) | 1.00 (0.55–2.36) | 1.00 (0.55–2.32) | |
CWTi/Di | 1.20 (0.54–5.07) | 1.33 (0.36–4.33) | 1.21 (0.44–3.77) | |
φi, ° | 45.8 (28.4–78.8) | 45.6 (20.0–77.0) | 45.0 (23.8–75.2) |
Zone | Parameter of Distribution 1 | Tree Species | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pinus sibirica 2 | Picea obovata | Pinus sylvestris | ||
EW | A, % | 77.4 (71.7–81.1) | 49.2 | 62.0 |
μ, ° | 40.52 (39.4–41.18) | 30.57 | 34.60 | |
median, ° | 40.00 (39.64–41.81) | 29.98 | 34.24 | |
mode, ° | 38.86 (38.33–39.79) | 28.70 | 33.48 | |
σ, ° | 4.97 (3.22–5.68) | 4.80 | 4.12 | |
CWT/D (mean/median/mode) | 0.070 (0.065–0.075) | 0.054 | 0.067 | |
0.069 (0.065–0.074) | 0.053 | 0.066 | ||
0.066 (0.063–0.070) | 0.050 | 0.064 | ||
TW | A, % | 14.2 (12.3–19.7) | 22.1 | 8.4 |
μ, ° | 59.00 (57.51–62.13) | 49.00 | 48.81 | |
σ, ° | 5.26 (4.78–7.55) | 7.35 | 5.13 | |
CWT/D (mean = median = mode) | 0.136 (0.123–0.146) | 0.105 | 0.110 | |
LW | A, % | 8.4 (6.6–8.6) | 28.7 | 29.6 |
μ, ° | 73.13 (72.02–74.22) | 68.67 | 65.86 | |
median, ° | 73.42 (72.64–74.45) | 69.01 | 66.37 | |
mode, ° | 74.11 (73.94–75.10) | 70.29 | 67.48 | |
σ, ° | 2.61 (1.72–2.92) | 4.38 | 4.44 | |
CWT/D (mean/median/mode) | 0.270 (0.264–0.293) | 0.233 | 0.216 | |
0.275 (0.268–0.298) | 0.237 | 0.221 | ||
0.287 (0.278–0.314) | 0.254 | 0.233 | ||
χ2 | 40.23 (15.47–27.82) | 22.60 | 28.81 | |
degrees of freedom | 18 (16–17) | 23 | 20 | |
significance level | 0.002 (0.047–0.49) | 0.48 | 0.09 |
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Belokopytova, L.V.; Zhirnova, D.F.; Yang, B.; Babushkina, E.A.; Vaganov, E.A. Modeling of the Statistical Distribution of Tracheids in Conifer Rings: Finding Universal Criterion for Earlywood–Latewood Distinction. Plants 2023, 12, 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193454
Belokopytova LV, Zhirnova DF, Yang B, Babushkina EA, Vaganov EA. Modeling of the Statistical Distribution of Tracheids in Conifer Rings: Finding Universal Criterion for Earlywood–Latewood Distinction. Plants. 2023; 12(19):3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193454
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelokopytova, Liliana V., Dina F. Zhirnova, Bao Yang, Elena A. Babushkina, and Eugene A. Vaganov. 2023. "Modeling of the Statistical Distribution of Tracheids in Conifer Rings: Finding Universal Criterion for Earlywood–Latewood Distinction" Plants 12, no. 19: 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193454