Performance- and Resistance-Related Early Responses of Colombian Elite Rubber Tree Genotypes under Low Pressure of South American Leaf Blight: Implications for Disease Management in the Amazon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Climate
2.2. Effects of the Fixed Factors
2.3. Growth and Early Yield
2.4. Resistance to SALB
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.1.1. Location
4.1.2. Soils
4.1.3. Climate
4.2. Experimental Design and Plot Management
4.3. Plant Material
4.4. Evaluations and Data Analysis
4.4.1. Growth and Early Yield
4.4.2. Resistance to SALB
4.4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | Compound Symmetric Model with Heterogeneous Variances (CSH) | First-Order Autoregressive Model with Heterogeneous Variances (ARH1) | First-Order Continuous Autoregressive Model with Heterogeneous Variances (CARH1) | Unstructured Model with Heterogeneous Variances (UNH) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Log Lik | AIC | BIC | Log Lik | AIC | BIC | Log Lik | AIC | BIC | Log Lik | AIC | BIC |
CTpt | −175.38 | 420.77 | 508.26 | −170.39 | 410.77 | 498.27 | −170.39 | 410.77 | 498.27 | −165.18 | 404.35 | 496.84 |
AT1 | 159.78 | −235.6 | −130.6 | 159.97 | −236 | −131 | 159.97 | −235.95 | −131 | 161.4 | −234.8 | −124.81 |
AT2 | 63.18 | −56.36 | 31.13 | 63.29 | −56.59 | 30.91 | 63.29 | −56.59 | 30.91 | 64.22 | −54.44 | 38.06 |
ST | 48.8 | −27.59 | 59.9 | 48.68 | −27.37 | 60.13 | 48.68 | −27.36 | 60.13 | 49.65 | −25.3 | 67.2 |
TR | 97.9 | −125.8 | −38.31 | 97.1 | −124.2 | −36.7 | 97.1 | −124.19 | −36.7 | 101.28 | −128.57 | −36.07 |
Variable | DF1 | DF2 | DF3 | Genotype | Year | Genotype × Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTpt | 9 | 2 | 18 | 4.42 (0.0001) | 714.72 (<0.0001) | 2.23 (0.0074) |
AT1 | 9 | 2 | 18 | 5.35 (<0.0001) | 89.39 (<0.0001) | 2.98 (0.0004) |
AT2 | 9 | 2 | 18 | 16.19 (<0.0001) | 256.90 (<0.0001) | 2.68 (0.0012) |
ST | 9 | 2 | 18 | 19.30 (<0.0001) | 215.16 (<0.0001) | 3.08 (0.0002) |
TR | 9 | 2 | 18 | 3.50 (0.0010) | 116.21 (<0.0001) | 2.09 (0.0125) |
DRC | 9 | - | - | 10.14 (<0.0001) | - | - |
DRY | 9 | - | - | 18.85 (<0.0001) | - | - |
CTo | 9 | - | - | 5.69 (<0.0001) | - | - |
Genotype | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 |
---|---|---|---|
ECC 25 | 9.37 ± 0.49 a,b k | 18.33 ± 0.88 def | 25.75 ± 1.24 ab |
ECC 29 | 9.43 ± 0.49 k | 16.98 ± 0.88 fgh | 22.80 ± 1.24 bc |
ECC 35 | 7.78 ± 0.49 l | 13.33 ± 0.88 i | 20.23 ± 1.24 cde |
ECC 60 | 9.03 ± 0.49 k | 14.89 ± 0.88 hi | 21.44 ± 1.24 c |
ECC 64 | 10.69 ± 0.49 j | 20.44 ± 0.88 cd | 27.48 ± 1. 24 a |
ECC 66 | 8.73 ± 0.49 kl | 15.31 ± 0.88 ghi | 22.54 ± 1.24 bc |
ECC 73 | 9.44 ± 0.49 k | 16.66 ± 0.88 fgh | 22.84 ± 1.24 bc |
ECC 83 | 9.62 ± 0.49 jk | 17.31 ± 0.88 efg | 23.61 ± 1.24 bc |
ECC 90 | 9.02 ± 0.49 k | 15.83 ± 0.88 gh | 23.63 ± 1.24 bc |
IAN 873 | 9.82 ± 0.49 jk | 16.28 ± 0.88 fgh | 22.41 ± 1.24 bc |
Genotype | CTo (cm) | DRY (g.tree−1.tap−1) | DRC (%) |
---|---|---|---|
ECC 25 | 26.86 ± 0.35 a,b b | 5.57 ± 0.43 a | 32.45 ± 0.44 a |
ECC 29 | 26.49 ± 0.37 b | 0.74 ± 0.18 c | 31.44 ± 2.29 a |
ECC 35 | 25.00 ± 2.45 b | 0.42 ± 1.14 c | 26.24 ± 0.76 b |
ECC 60 | 25.03 ± 0.93 b | 1.21 ± 0.43 c | 30.43 ± 0.70 ab |
ECC 64 | 27.92 ± 0.26 a | 3.76 ± 0.66 b | 31.38 ± 1.01 a |
ECC 66 | 25.54 ± 0.78 b | 1.09 ± 0.43 c | 30.75 ± 1.10 a |
ECC 73 | 25.62 ± 0.56 b | 2.23 ± 0.43 bc | 32.42 ± 1.18 a |
ECC 83 | 26.09 ± 0.45 b | 3.30 ± 0.24 b | 30.53 ± 1.98 ab |
ECC 90 | 26.94 ± 0.57 b | 2.96 ± 0.81 bc | 28.83 ± 3.05 ab |
IAN 873 | 25.47 ± 0.60 b | 1.88 ± 0.28 c | 32.83 ± 0.10 a |
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Galindo-Rodríguez, L.C.; Sterling, A.; Muñoz-Ramirez, H.; Fonseca-Restrepo, J.A. Performance- and Resistance-Related Early Responses of Colombian Elite Rubber Tree Genotypes under Low Pressure of South American Leaf Blight: Implications for Disease Management in the Amazon. Plants 2023, 12, 3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203627
Galindo-Rodríguez LC, Sterling A, Muñoz-Ramirez H, Fonseca-Restrepo JA. Performance- and Resistance-Related Early Responses of Colombian Elite Rubber Tree Genotypes under Low Pressure of South American Leaf Blight: Implications for Disease Management in the Amazon. Plants. 2023; 12(20):3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203627
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalindo-Rodríguez, Lyda Constanza, Armando Sterling, Herminton Muñoz-Ramirez, and Jesica Andrea Fonseca-Restrepo. 2023. "Performance- and Resistance-Related Early Responses of Colombian Elite Rubber Tree Genotypes under Low Pressure of South American Leaf Blight: Implications for Disease Management in the Amazon" Plants 12, no. 20: 3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203627