Beneficial Interactive Effects Provided by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Yeast on the Growth of Oenothera picensis Established on Cu Mine Tailings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of PGP Traits in Cu-Tolerant Yeast
2.2. AMF Determinations
2.3. Plant Biomass Production and Photosynthetic Pigments
2.4. Cu Concentrations in Tailings and Plant Tissues
2.5. Antioxidant Activities and Phenols
2.6. Multivariate Associations
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mine Tailings, Compost, Biological Material, and Procedures for Physicochemical Characterization
4.2. Isolation and Identification of Cu-Tolerant Yeast with PGP Activities
4.3. Growth Conditions
4.4. Cu Content in Mine Tailings and Plant Tissues
4.5. Plant Photosynthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Response
4.6. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Measurements
4.7. Experimental Design
4.8. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate | PSI | Phosphate Solubilization (mg mL−1) | EPS Production (g L−1) | IAA Production (μg mL−1) | Siderophore Production | ACC Deaminase Activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA | 2.30 ± 0.01 cd* | 0.55 ± 0.05 ab | 0.82 ± 0.15 ab | 9.75 ± 0.07 c | + | + |
AB | 2.22 ± 0.01 d | 0.28 ± 0.03 b | 1.03 ± 0.07 ab | 8.86 ± 0.14 d | + | + |
E4 | 2.57 ± 0.03 b | 0.69 ± 0.08 a | 0.46 ± 0.01 b | 9.24 ± 0.07 cd | − | + |
F3 | 2.65 ± 0.02 ab | 0.43 ± 0.03 ab | 0.85 ± 0.12 ab | 8.67 ± 0.03 d | + | + |
F4 | 2.36 ± 0.03 bcd | 0.37 ± 0.06 b | 0.66 ± 0.03 ab | 18.74 ± 0.07 a | + | + |
RC | 2.86 ± 0.09 a | 0.48 ± 0.06 ab | 0.84 ± 0.14 ab | 8.83 ± 0.03 d | + | + |
RD | 2.42 ± 0.01 bcd | 0.33 ± 0.05 b | 0.67 ± 0.22 ab | 10.75 ± 0.07 b | − | + |
RG | 2.48 ± 0.01 bcd | 0.43 ± 0.02 ab | 0.89 ± 0.15 ab | 8.90 ± 0.08 d | + | + |
OM | 2.51 ± 0.04 b | 0.27 ± 0.02 b | 1.34 ± 0.16 a | 11.01 ± 0.21 b | + | + |
PM | 2.30 ± 0.01 cd | 0.28 ± 0.08 b | 0.64 ± 0.11 b | 11.27 ± 0.14 b | − | + |
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Pérez, R.; Tapia, Y.; Antilén, M.; Ruiz, A.; Pimentel, P.; Santander, C.; Aponte, H.; González, F.; Cornejo, P. Beneficial Interactive Effects Provided by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Yeast on the Growth of Oenothera picensis Established on Cu Mine Tailings. Plants 2023, 12, 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234012
Pérez R, Tapia Y, Antilén M, Ruiz A, Pimentel P, Santander C, Aponte H, González F, Cornejo P. Beneficial Interactive Effects Provided by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Yeast on the Growth of Oenothera picensis Established on Cu Mine Tailings. Plants. 2023; 12(23):4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234012
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez, Rodrigo, Yasna Tapia, Mónica Antilén, Antonieta Ruiz, Paula Pimentel, Christian Santander, Humberto Aponte, Felipe González, and Pablo Cornejo. 2023. "Beneficial Interactive Effects Provided by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Yeast on the Growth of Oenothera picensis Established on Cu Mine Tailings" Plants 12, no. 23: 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234012