Inter- and Intra-Population Variation of Foliage Calcium and Magnesium in Two Chinese Pine Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Difference in Ca and Mg Concentrations among Populations of Two Pines
2.2. Correlation between Calcium and Magnesium
2.3. Source of Variation
2.4. Correlation with Environmental Factors
3. Discussion
3.1. Concentration of Calcium and Magnesium
3.2. Correlation between Calcium and Magnesium
3.3. Genetic and Environmental Variation of Calcium and Magnesium
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Sampling
4.2. Chemical Analyses
4.3. Environmental Variables
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ca | P. massoniana | P. hwangshanensis | ||||||||
Population | H | J | L | S | T | H | J | L | S | T |
Mean | 4.00 ab | 4.01 b | 2.59 b | 5.62 a* | 3.39 b | 3.78 a | 2.85 a | 3.11 a | 2.97 a | 3.42 a |
Median | 3.53 | 4.27 | 2.62 | 5.48 | 3.13 | 3.31 | 2.95 | 3.28 | 3.08 | 3.40 |
Variance | 3.96 | 5.06 | 0.28 | 0.65 | 1.38 | 1.77 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.91 | 0.76 |
SD | 1.99 | 2.25 | 0.53 | 0.81 | 1.18 | 1.33 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.95 | 0.87 |
Minimum | 1.74 | 1.10 | 1.49 | 4.73 | 1.77 | 2.18 | 1.57 | 1.91 | 1.88 | 2.46 |
Maximum | 8.38 | 8.22 | 3.53 | 7.08 | 5.09 | 5.94 | 3.62 | 3.81 | 4.26 | 5.19 |
CV | 49.77% | 56.08% | 20.60% | 14.38% | 34.72% | 35.18% | 22.71% | 19.74% | 32.05% | 25.41% |
Mg | P. massoniana | P. hwangshanensis | ||||||||
Population | H | J | L | S | T | H | J | L | S | T |
Mean | 0.92 c* | 1.41 a* | 1.07 bc | 1.13 abc | 1.32 ab* | 0.67 c | 1.09 a | 1.00 ab | 0.87 abc | 0.84 bc |
Median | 0.92 | 1.37 | 0.93 | 1.02 | 1.38 | 0.68 | 1.13 | 0.92 | 0.79 | 0.89 |
Variance | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
SD | 0.23 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.22 |
Minimum | 0.60 | 0.92 | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.45 | 0.83 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.44 |
Maximum | 1.28 | 2.23 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.53 | 0.82 | 1.32 | 1.77 | 1.27 | 1.12 |
CV | 24.62% | 26.85% | 25.33% | 23.74% | 16.20% | 19.19% | 13.38% | 30.89% | 26.13% | 26.09% |
Ca:Mg | P. massoniana | P. hwangshanensis | ||||||||
Population | H | J | L | S | T | H | J | L | S | T |
Mean | 4.33 a | 2.75 b | 2.47 b* | 5.20 a* | 2.56 b* | 5.65 a | 2.60 c | 3.23 c | 3.45 bc | 4.22 b |
Median | 3.52 | 2.99 | 2.39 | 4.89 | 2.27 | 5.27 | 2.74 | 3.16 | 3.34 | 4.22 |
Variance | 3.85 | 1.59 | 0.20 | 2.11 | 0.67 | 2.84 | 0.17 | 0.53 | 0.88 | 1.17 |
SD | 1.96 | 1.26 | 0.44 | 1.45 | 0.82 | 1.69 | 0.41 | 0.73 | 0.94 | 1.08 |
Minimum | 2.92 | 1.10 | 1.86 | 3.87 | 1.68 | 3.79 | 1.89 | 2.15 | 2.30 | 3.00 |
Maximum | 9.11 | 4.83 | 3.08 | 7.77 | 4.28 | 8.73 | 3.05 | 4.33 | 4.48 | 5.94 |
CV | 45.34% | 45.79% | 17.99% | 27.96% | 32.05% | 29.85% | 15.71% | 22.55% | 27.22% | 25.62% |
Population | S | L | J | H | T |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. hwangshanensis | 0.664 | 0.512 | 0.792 * | 0.524 | 0.576 |
P. massoniana | 0.012 | 0.713 * | 0.680 * | 0.419 | 0.504 |
Species | Countries and Regions | Ca Concentration (mg·g−1) | Mg Concentration (mg·g−1) |
---|---|---|---|
P. elliottii | China, Fujian | 2.0 | 0.8 [60] |
China, Jiangxi | 3.8 | 0.9 [61] | |
P. kesiya var. langbianensis | China, Yunnan | 1.9 | 1.4 [62] |
P. massoniana | China, Sichuan | 6.8 | 1.3 [51] |
P. thunbergii | China, Shandong | 4.5 | 1.6 [63] |
P. yunnanensis | China, Yunnan | 3.2 | 1.4 [64] |
P. brutia | Turkey, Istanbul | 2.3~4.6 | 0.7~0.8 [57] |
P. canariensis | Spain, Tenerife | 9.1 | 1.5 [39] |
P. halepensis | Spain, Yeste/Calasparra | 7.0/7.5 | 2.7/2.0 [58] |
Greece, Parnitha | 7.9 | 1.5 [42] | |
Spain, Granada | 2.4 | 0.2 [59] | |
Spain, Granada | 12.3 | 2.5 [56] | |
P. pinaster | Spain, Galicia | 1.1 | 1.6 [54] |
P. radiata | Spain, Galicia | 3.6 | 0.9 [54] |
P. sylvestris | Finland, Suonenjoki | 4.3 | 0.5 [55] |
Lithuania, Neris | 4.9 | 1.2 [43] | |
P. taeda | USA, 11 Southern States | 1.8 | 1.0 [65] |
USA, Texas | 2.8~4.0 | 1.8~2.3 [53] | |
USA, 8 southeastern States | 1.7 | 1.0 [41] | |
Brazil, Southern region | 1.8 | 0.5 [66] |
Population | Abbreviation | Longitude (°E) | Latitude (°N) | Site (plot) and Elevation (m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. massoniana | P. hwangshanensis | ||||
Mt. Sanqingshan, Jiangxi | S | 118°00′~118°06′ | 28°52′~28°57′ | 300, 400 | 1062, 1500 |
Mt. Lushan, Jiangxi | L | 115°50′~116°10′ | 29°28′~29°45′ | 300, 400, 500 | 900, 1000, 1100 |
Mt. Jinggangshan, Jiangxi | J | 113°39′~114°23′ | 26°27′~26°40′ | 300, 500, 600 | 900, 1100, 1300 |
Mt. Huangshan, Anhui | H | 116°49′~118°59′ | 29°13′~31°05′ | 350, 450, 550 | 900, 1100, 1200 |
Mt. Tianmushan, Zhejiang | T | 118°36′~120°06′ | 29°52′~30°55′ | 340, 480, 580 | 1200, 1400, 1500 |
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Hu, M.; Yang, Y.; Fan, M.; Huang, K.; Wang, L.; Lv, T.; Yi, X.; Chen, L.; Fang, Y. Inter- and Intra-Population Variation of Foliage Calcium and Magnesium in Two Chinese Pine Species. Plants 2023, 12, 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030562
Hu M, Yang Y, Fan M, Huang K, Wang L, Lv T, Yi X, Chen L, Fang Y. Inter- and Intra-Population Variation of Foliage Calcium and Magnesium in Two Chinese Pine Species. Plants. 2023; 12(3):562. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030562
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Meng, Yuan Yang, Mingyang Fan, Kexin Huang, Lu Wang, Ting Lv, Xiangui Yi, Lin Chen, and Yanming Fang. 2023. "Inter- and Intra-Population Variation of Foliage Calcium and Magnesium in Two Chinese Pine Species" Plants 12, no. 3: 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030562