Genome-Wide Characterization of the Sulfate Transporter Gene Family in Oilseed Crops: Camelina sativa and Brassica napus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. SULTR Properties in Camelina sativa and Brassica napus
2.2. Phylogenetic Analysis and Classification of the SULTR Gene Family
2.3. Evolutionary Processes in the MGT Genes of Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus
2.4. Transmembrane Structures of SULTRs
2.5. 3D Structure Analysis of SULTRs
2.6. SULTR Expression Analysis
2.7. SULTR Phosphorylation Prediction
2.8. Distribution of Cis-Regulatory Elements in Promoter Sites
2.9. Expression Patterns of SULTRs in Camelina in Response to Salinity Stress
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Identification of SULTR Genes in C. sativa and B. napus
4.2. Phylogenetic and Conserved Motif Analyses
4.3. Promoter Analysis
4.4. Ka/Ks Ratio and Duplication Analysis
4.5. Gene Expression Analysis
4.6. Prediction of 3D Structures, Modeling, Binding Sites, and Phosphorylation
4.7. Expression Patterns of SULTR Genes in C. sativa under Salinity Stress
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Takahashi, H. Sulfate transport systems in plants: Functional diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory coordination. J. Exp. Bot. 2019, 70, 4075–4087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Q.; Gao, Y.; Yang, A. Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8926. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Faraji, S.; Heidari, P.; Amouei, H.; Filiz, E.; Poczai, P. Investigation and Computational Analysis of the Sulfotransferase (SOT) Gene Family in Potato (Solanum tuberosum): Insights into Sulfur Adjustment for Proper Development and Stimuli Responses. Plants 2021, 10, 2597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Takahashi, H.; Buchner, P.; Yoshimoto, N.; Hawkesford, M.J.; Shiu, S.-H. Evolutionary relationships and functional diversity of plant sulfate transporters. Front. Plant Sci. 2012, 2, 119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gruber, B.D.; Giehl, R.F.H.; Friedel, S.; von Wirén, N. Plasticity of the Arabidopsis root system under nutrient deficiencies. Plant Physiol. 2013, 163, 161–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Koprivova, A.; Kopriva, S. Sulfation pathways in plants. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2016, 259, 23–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Leustek, T.; Saito, K. Sulfate transport and assimilation in plants. Plant Physiol. 1999, 120, 637–644. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shibagaki, N.; Grossman, A.R. Binding of cysteine synthase to the STAS domain of sulfate transporter and its regulatory consequences. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285, 25094–25102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Smith, F.W.; Ealing, P.M.; Hawkesford, M.J.; Clarkson, D.T. Plant members of a family of sulfate transporters reveal functional subtypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92, 9373–9377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shibagaki, N.; Rose, A.; McDermott, J.P.; Fujiwara, T.; Hayashi, H.; Yoneyama, T.; Davies, J.P. Selenate-resistant mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana identify Sultr1; 2, a sulfate transporter required for efficient transport of sulfate into roots. Plant J. 2002, 29, 475–486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, S.; Asif, M.H.; Chakrabarty, D.; Tripathi, R.D.; Trivedi, P.K. Differential expression and alternative splicing of rice sulphate transporter family members regulate sulphur status during plant growth, development and stress conditions. Funct. Integr. Genom. 2011, 11, 259–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buchner, P.; Parmar, S.; Kriegel, A.; Carpentier, M.; Hawkesford, M.J. The sulfate transporter family in wheat: Tissue-specific gene expression in relation to nutrition. Mol. Plant 2010, 3, 374–389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Akbudak, M.A.; Filiz, E.; Kontbay, K. Genome-wide identification and cadmium induced expression profiling of sulfate transporter (SULTR) genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Biometals 2018, 31, 91–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xun, M.; Song, J.; Shi, J.; Li, J.; Shi, Y.; Yan, J.; Zhang, W.; Yang, H. Genome-Wide Identification of Sultr Genes in Malus domestica and Low Sulfur-Induced MhSultr3; 1a to Increase Cysteine-Improving Growth. Front. Plant Sci. 2021, 12, 2114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rouached, H.; Secco, D.; Arpat, A.B. Getting the most sulfate from soil: Regulation of sulfate uptake transporters in Arabidopsis. J. Plant Physiol. 2009, 166, 893–902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zheng, Z.-L.; Zhang, B.; Leustek, T. Transceptors at the boundary of nutrient transporters and receptors: A new role for Arabidopsis SULTR1; 2 in sulfur sensing. Front. Plant Sci. 2014, 5, 710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aarabi, F.; Naake, T.; Fernie, A.R.; Hoefgen, R. Coordinating sulfur pools under sulfate deprivation. Trends Plant Sci. 2020, 25, 1227–1239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maruyama-Nakashita, A.; Nakamura, Y.; Yamaya, T.; Takahashi, H. Regulation of high-affinity sulphate transporters in plants: Towards systematic analysis of sulphur signalling and regulation. J. Exp. Bot. 2004, 55, 1843–1849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Takahashi, H.; Kopriva, S.; Giordano, M.; Saito, K.; Hell, R. Sulfur assimilation in photosynthetic organisms: Molecular functions and regulations of transporters and assimilatory enzymes. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2011, 62, 157–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takahashi, H.; Watanabe-Takahashi, A.; Smith, F.W.; Blake-Kalff, M.; Hawkesford, M.J.; Saito, K. The roles of three functional sulphate transporters involved in uptake and translocation of sulphate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2000, 23, 171–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cao, M.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, Q.; Mao, J.; Speiser, A.; Wirtz, M.; Hell, R.; Zhu, J.; Xiang, C. Sulfate availability affects ABA levels and germination response to ABA and salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2014, 77, 604–615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kataoka, T.; Hayashi, N.; Yamaya, T.; Takahashi, H. Root-to-shoot transport of sulfate in Arabidopsis. Evidence for the role of SULTR3; 5 as a component of low-affinity sulfate transport system in the root vasculature. Plant Physiol. 2004, 136, 4198–4204. [Google Scholar] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zuber, H.; Davidian, J.-C.; Aubert, G.; Aimé, D.; Belghazi, M.; Lugan, R.; Heintz, D.; Wirtz, M.; Hell, R.; Thompson, R. The seed composition of Arabidopsis mutants for the group 3 sulfate transporters indicates a role in sulfate translocation within developing seeds. Plant Physiol. 2010, 154, 913–926. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kataoka, T.; Watanabe-Takahashi, A.; Hayashi, N.; Ohnishi, M.; Mimura, T.; Buchner, P.; Hawkesford, M.J.; Yamaya, T.; Takahashi, H. Vacuolar sulfate transporters are essential determinants controlling internal distribution of sulfate in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2004, 16, 2693–2704. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, L.; Chen, K.; Zhou, M. Structure and function of an Arabidopsis thaliana sulfate transporter. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 4455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Parmar, S.; Buchner, P.; Hawkesford, M.J. Leaf developmental stage affects sulfate depletion and specific sulfate transporter expression during sulfur deprivation in Brassica napus L. Plant Biol. 2007, 9, 647–653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, Y.; Zhou, X.; Zuo, L.; Wang, H.; Yu, D. Identification and functional characterization of the sulfate transporter gene GmSULTR1; 2b in soybean. BMC Genom. 2016, 17, 373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Vatansever, R.; Koc, I.; Ozyigit, I.I.; Sen, U.; Uras, M.E.; Anjum, N.A.; Pereira, E.; Filiz, E. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of sulfate transporter (SULTR) genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta 2016, 244, 1167–1183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Q.; Wang, M.; Xia, Z. The SULTR gene family in maize (Zea mays L.): Gene cloning and expression analyses under sulfate starvation and abiotic stress. J. Plant Physiol. 2018, 220, 24–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, S.Q.; Xiang, A.L.; Che, L.L.; Chen, S.; Li, H.; Song, J.B.; Yang, Z.M. A set of miRNAs from Brassica napus in response to sulphate deficiency and cadmium stress. Plant Biotechnol. J. 2010, 8, 887–899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, S.; Asif, M.H.; Chakrabarty, D.; Tripathi, R.D.; Dubey, R.S.; Trivedi, P.K. Comprehensive analysis of regulatory elements of the promoters of rice sulfate transporter gene family and functional characterization of OsSul1; 1 promoter under different metal stress. Plant Signal. Behav. 2015, 10, e990843. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Brock, J.R.; Dönmez, A.A.; Beilstein, M.A.; Olsen, K.M. Phylogenetics of Camelina Crantz. (Brassicaceae) and insights on the origin of gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2018, 127, 834–842. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yuan, L.; Li, R. Metabolic engineering a model oilseed Camelina sativa for the sustainable production of high-value designed oils. Front. Plant Sci. 2020, 11, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ahmadizadeh, M.; Rezaee, S.; Heidari, P. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of fatty acid desaturase gene family in Camelina sativa. Gene Rep. 2020, 21, 100894. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faraji, S.; Ahmadizadeh, M.; Heidari, P. Genome-wide comparative analysis of Mg transporter gene family between Triticum turgidum and Camelina sativa. Biometals 2021, 34, 639–660. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lošák, T.; Hlusek, J.; Martinec, J.; Vollmann, J.; Peterka, J.; Filipcik, R.; Varga, L.; Ducsay, L.; Martensson, A. Effect of combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on yield and qualitative parameters of Camelina sativa [L.] Crtz.(false flax). Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. 2011, 61, 313–321. [Google Scholar]
- Solis, A.; Vidal, I.; Paulino, L.; Johnson, B.L.; Berti, M.T. Camelina seed yield response to nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus fertilizer in South Central Chile. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 44, 132–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heydarian, Z.; Yu, M.; Gruber, M.; Coutu, C.; Robinson, S.J.; Hegedus, D.D. Changes in gene expression in Camelina sativa roots and vegetative tissues in response to salinity stress. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 9804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Abdullah; Faraji, S.; Mehmood, F.; Malik, H.M.T.; Ahmed, I.; Heidari, P.; Poczai, P. The GASA Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome Wide Identification and Expression Analysis. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faraji, S.; Filiz, E.; Kazemitabar, S.K.; Vannozzi, A.; Palumbo, F.; Barcaccia, G.; Heidari, P. The AP2/ERF Gene Family in Triticum durum: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salinity Stresses. Genes 2020, 11, 1464. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Musavizadeh, Z.; Najafi-Zarrini, H.; Kazemitabar, S.K.; Hashemi, S.H.; Faraji, S.; Barcaccia, G.; Heidari, P. Genome-Wide Analysis of Potassium Channel Genes in Rice: Expression of the OsAKT and OsKAT Genes under Salt Stress. Genes 2021, 12, 784. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koralewski, T.E.; Krutovsky, K. V Evolution of exon-intron structure and alternative splicing. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e18055. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Heidari, P.; Puresmaeli, F.; Mora-Poblete, F. Genome-Wide Identification and Molecular Evolution of the Magnesium Transporter (MGT) Gene Family in Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus. Agronomy 2022, 12, 2253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rezaee, S.; Ahmadizadeh, M.; Heidari, P. Genome-wide characterization, expression profiling, and post- transcriptional study of GASA gene family. Gene Rep. 2020, 20, 100795. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heidari, P.; Faraji, S.; Poczai, P. Magnesium transporter Gene Family: Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization in Theobroma cacao, Corchorus capsularis and Gossypium hirsutum of Family Malvaceae. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Z.; Li, J.; Zhao, X.-Q.; Wang, J.; Wong, G.K.-S.; Yu, J. KaKs_Calculator: Calculating Ka and Ks through model selection and model averaging. Genom. Proteom. Bioinform. 2006, 4, 259–263. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Visser, R.G.F.; Bachem, C.W.B.; de Boer, J.M.; Bryan, G.J.; Chakrabati, S.K.; Feingold, S.; Gromadka, R.; van Ham, R.C.H.J.; Huang, S.; Jacobs, J.M.E. Sequencing the potato genome: Outline and first results to come from the elucidation of the sequence of the world’s third most important food crop. Am. J. Potato Res. 2009, 86, 417–429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yoshimoto, N.; Takahashi, H.; Smith, F.W.; Yamaya, T.; Saito, K. Two distinct high-affinity sulfate transporters with different inducibilities mediate uptake of sulfate in Arabidopsis roots. Plant J. 2002, 29, 465–473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gigolashvili, T.; Kopriva, S. Transporters in plant sulfur metabolism. Front. Plant Sci. 2014, 5, 442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Heidari, P.; Mazloomi, F.; Nussbaumer, T.; Barcaccia, G. Insights into the SAM Synthetase Gene Family and Its Roles in Tomato Seedlings under Abiotic Stresses and Hormone Treatments. Plants 2020, 9, 586. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heidari, P.; Ahmadizadeh, M.; Izanlo, F.; Nussbaumer, T. In silico study of the CESA and CSL gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa: Focus on post-translation modifications. Plant Gene 2019, 19, 100189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marchler-Bauer, A.; Derbyshire, M.K.; Gonzales, N.R.; Lu, S.; Chitsaz, F.; Geer, L.Y.; Geer, R.C.; He, J.; Gwadz, M.; Hurwitz, D.I. CDD: NCBI’s conserved domain database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015, 43, D222–D226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Finn, R.D.; Bateman, A.; Clements, J.; Coggill, P.; Eberhardt, R.Y.; Eddy, S.R.; Heger, A.; Hetherington, K.; Holm, L.; Mistry, J. Pfam: The protein families database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014, 42, D222–D230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Li, D.; Zaman, W.; Lu, J.; Niu, Q.; Zhang, X.; Ayaz, A.; Saqib, S.; Yang, B.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, H.; et al. Natural lupeol level variation among castor accessions and the upregulation of lupeol synthesis in response to light. Ind. Crops Prod. 2023, 192, 116090. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gasteiger, E.; Hoogland, C.; Gattiker, A.; Duvaud, S.; Wilkins, M.R.; Appel, R.D.; Bairoch, A. Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server. In The Proteomics Protocols Handbook; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA, 2005; pp. 571–607. [Google Scholar]
- Möller, S.; Croning, M.D.R.; Apweiler, R. Evaluation of methods for the prediction of membrane spanning regions. Bioinformatics 2001, 17, 646–653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sievers, F.; Wilm, A.; Dineen, D.; Gibson, T.J.; Karplus, K.; Li, W.; Lopez, R.; McWilliam, H.; Remmert, M.; Söding, J.; et al. Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2011, 7, 539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, L.-T.; Schmidt, H.A.; von Haeseler, A.; Minh, B.Q. IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating Maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2015, 32, 268–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Letunic, I.; Bork, P. Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v4: Recent updates and new developments. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019, 47, W256–W259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bailey, T.L.; Boden, M.; Buske, F.A.; Frith, M.; Grant, C.E.; Clementi, L.; Ren, J.; Li, W.W.; Noble, W.S. MEME SUITE: Tools for motif discovery and searching. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37, W202–W208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lescot, M.; Déhais, P.; Thijs, G.; Marchal, K.; Moreau, Y.; Van de Peer, Y.; Rouzé, P.; Rombauts, S. PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002, 30, 325–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heidari, P.; Faraji, S.; Ahmadizadeh, M.; Ahmar, S.; Mora-Poblete, F. New insights into structure and function of TIFY genes in Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum: A genome-wide comprehensive analysis. Front. Genet. 2021, 12, 534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, S.; Stecher, G.; Li, M.; Knyaz, C.; Tamura, K. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2018, 35, 1547–1549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, S.; Zhang, X.; Yue, J.-X.; Tian, D.; Chen, J.-Q. Recent duplications dominate NBS-encoding gene expansion in two woody species. Mol. Genet. Genom. 2008, 280, 187–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Krzywinski, M.; Schein, J.; Birol, I.; Connors, J.; Gascoyne, R.; Horsman, D.; Jones, S.J.; Marra, M.A. Circos: An information aesthetic for comparative genomics. Genome Res. 2009, 19, 1639–1645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kim, D.; Langmead, B.; Salzberg, S.L. HISAT: A fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat. Methods 2015, 12, 357–360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chao, H.; Li, T.; Luo, C.; Huang, H.; Ruan, Y.; Li, X.; Niu, Y.; Fan, Y.; Sun, W.; Zhang, K. BrassicaEDB: A gene expression database for Brassica crops. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5831. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, C.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Thomas, H.R.; Frank, M.H.; He, Y.; Xia, R. TBtools: An Integrative Toolkit Developed for Interactive Analyses of Big Biological Data. Mol. Plant 2020, 13, 1194–1202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kelley, L.A.; Mezulis, S.; Yates, C.M.; Wass, M.N.; Sternberg, M.J.E. The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis. Nat. Protoc. 2015, 10, 845–858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lovell, S.C.; Davis, I.W.; Arendall, W.B., III; De Bakker, P.I.W.; Word, J.M.; Prisant, M.G.; Richardson, J.S.; Richardson, D.C. Structure validation by Cα geometry: Φ, Ψ and Cβ deviation. Proteins Struct. Funct. Bioinform. 2003, 50, 437–450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blom, N.; Sicheritz-Pontén, T.; Gupta, R.; Gammeltoft, S.; Brunak, S. Prediction of post-translational glycosylation and phosphorylation of proteins from the amino acid sequence. Proteomics 2004, 4, 1633–1649. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Untergasser, A.; Cutcutache, I.; Koressaar, T.; Ye, J.; Faircloth, B.C.; Remm, M.; Rozen, S.G. Primer3—New capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012, 40, e115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Livak, K.J.; Schmittgen, T.D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 2001, 25, 402–408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Attributes | C. sativa | B. napus |
---|---|---|
CDS length (bp) | 801–3428 | 878–3428 |
Protein length (aa) | 266–829 | 264–758 |
Exon number | 4–20 | 4–19 |
pI | 7.41–9.93 | 7.11–10.71 |
MW (KDa) | 29.07–91.99 | 28.94–83.86 |
GRAVY | 0.271–0.624 | 0.108–0.621 |
Instability index | 83% stable | 73% stable |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Heidari, P.; Hasanzadeh, S.; Faraji, S.; Ercisli, S.; Mora-Poblete, F. Genome-Wide Characterization of the Sulfate Transporter Gene Family in Oilseed Crops: Camelina sativa and Brassica napus. Plants 2023, 12, 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030628
Heidari P, Hasanzadeh S, Faraji S, Ercisli S, Mora-Poblete F. Genome-Wide Characterization of the Sulfate Transporter Gene Family in Oilseed Crops: Camelina sativa and Brassica napus. Plants. 2023; 12(3):628. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030628
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeidari, Parviz, Soosan Hasanzadeh, Sahar Faraji, Sezai Ercisli, and Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2023. "Genome-Wide Characterization of the Sulfate Transporter Gene Family in Oilseed Crops: Camelina sativa and Brassica napus" Plants 12, no. 3: 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030628