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Review

Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Secondary Metabolites Diversity in Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora

by
Ehab M. Mostafa
1,*,
Arafa Musa
1,
Hamdoon A. Mohammed
2,3,*,
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea
4,
Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
5,
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
5,
Ahmed Ismail
6,
Ameeduzzafar Zafar
7,
Mohammed Elmowafy
7,
Samy Selim
8 and
Riaz A. Khan
2,*
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
3
Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
6
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Faiyum 63514, Egypt
7
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051143
Submission received: 15 January 2023 / Revised: 25 February 2023 / Accepted: 28 February 2023 / Published: 2 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemicals: Antioxidant, Antitumoral and Anti-inflammatory Activity)
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Abstract

Plants of the genus Tylophora have commonly been used in traditional medicine in various communities, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of climatic zones. Of the nearly 300 species reported in the Tylophora genus, eight are primarily used in various forms to treat a variety of bodily disorders based on the symptoms. Certain plants from the genus have found use as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, smooth muscle relaxant, immunomodulatory, and anti-plasmodium agents, as well as free-radical scavengers. Pharmacologically, a few plant species from the genus have exhibited broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity, which has been proven through experimental evaluations. Some of the plants in the genus have also helped in alcohol-induced anxiety amelioration and myocardial damage repair. The plants belonging to the genus have also shown diuretic, anti-asthmatic, and hepato-protective activities. Tylophora plants have afforded diverse structural bases for secondary metabolites, mainly belonging to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, which have been found to treat several diseases with promising pharmacological activity levels. This review encompasses information on various Tylophora species, their distribution, corresponding plant synonyms, and chemical diversity of the secondary metabolic phytochemicals as reported in the literature, together with their prominent biological activities.
Keywords: genus Tylophora; phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids; chemotaxonomy; secondary metabolites; anticancer; antiviral; antimicrobial; anti-inflammatory; phytochemicals; biological activities genus Tylophora; phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids; chemotaxonomy; secondary metabolites; anticancer; antiviral; antimicrobial; anti-inflammatory; phytochemicals; biological activities

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mostafa, E.M.; Musa, A.; Mohammed, H.A.; Alzarea, A.I.; Abdelgawad, M.A.; Al-Sanea, M.M.; Ismail, A.; Zafar, A.; Elmowafy, M.; Selim, S.; et al. Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Secondary Metabolites Diversity in Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora. Plants 2023, 12, 1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051143

AMA Style

Mostafa EM, Musa A, Mohammed HA, Alzarea AI, Abdelgawad MA, Al-Sanea MM, Ismail A, Zafar A, Elmowafy M, Selim S, et al. Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Secondary Metabolites Diversity in Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora. Plants. 2023; 12(5):1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051143

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mostafa, Ehab M., Arafa Musa, Hamdoon A. Mohammed, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea, Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, Mohammad M. Al-Sanea, Ahmed Ismail, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Mohammed Elmowafy, Samy Selim, and et al. 2023. "Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Secondary Metabolites Diversity in Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora" Plants 12, no. 5: 1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051143

APA Style

Mostafa, E. M., Musa, A., Mohammed, H. A., Alzarea, A. I., Abdelgawad, M. A., Al-Sanea, M. M., Ismail, A., Zafar, A., Elmowafy, M., Selim, S., & Khan, R. A. (2023). Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Secondary Metabolites Diversity in Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora. Plants, 12(5), 1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051143

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