Reduction in the Use of Some Herbicides Favors Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effectiveness of Herbicides
2.2. Effect of Herbicides on Plant Growth and Nitrogen Fixation
2.3. Nodulation Genes Expression
2.4. Root Exudates Composition
2.5. Nodulation Kinetics and Bacterial Growth and Motility
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
4.2. Soil Collection and Properties
4.3. Herbicides Treatments and Harvest
4.4. Nitrogen Fixation
4.5. Collection and Analysis of Root Exudates of Phaseolus vulgaris
4.6. Nodulation Kinetics and Bacteria Motility Assays
4.7. Nodulation Genes Expression Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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pH | EC (ds m−1) | N (g kg−1) | C (g kg−1) | OC (g kg−1) | CaCO3 (g kg−1) | Pav (mg kg−1) | Clay (%) | Silt (%) | Sand (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.42 | 0.79 | 2.4 | 52.2 | 20.5 | 15.7 | 51.0 | 30.9 | 14.8 | 54.3 |
Herbicide | Classification HRAC * | Product Name | Manufacturer | Concentration Active Ingredient (AI) | Product Dosage | Product Amount per Pot |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pendimethalin | Cycloexanodiona | Ordago® | ADAMA (Spain) | 40% p/v | 3 L/ha (1.2 kg AI/ha) | 3.07 µg |
Clethodim | Dinitroanilina | Centurión® | Bayer (Switzerland) | 12% p/v | 1 L/ha (0.12 kg AI/ha) | 0.30 µg |
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Paniagua-López, M.; Jiménez-Pelayo, C.; Gómez-Fernández, G.O.; Herrera-Cervera, J.A.; López-Gómez, M. Reduction in the Use of Some Herbicides Favors Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa. Plants 2023, 12, 1608. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081608
Paniagua-López M, Jiménez-Pelayo C, Gómez-Fernández GO, Herrera-Cervera JA, López-Gómez M. Reduction in the Use of Some Herbicides Favors Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa. Plants. 2023; 12(8):1608. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081608
Chicago/Turabian StylePaniagua-López, Mario, César Jiménez-Pelayo, Germán Orlando Gómez-Fernández, José Antonio Herrera-Cervera, and Miguel López-Gómez. 2023. "Reduction in the Use of Some Herbicides Favors Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa" Plants 12, no. 8: 1608. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081608