Weed Role for Pollinator in the Agroecosystem: Plant–Insect Interactions and Agronomic Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pollinator Biodiversity and Reward
3. Generalization or Specialization?
4. Weed Pollination Strategies
5. Insect-Pollinated Weeds as Indicators of Biodiversity and Agroecosystem Health
6. Long-Term Plant–Animal Biodiversity Sustainability
7. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Weed Species | Observed Flower Visitors | Source |
---|---|---|
Abutilon theophrasti Medic. | Solitary bees, Tachinidae | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Agrostemma githago L. | Lepidoptera, solitary bees | [21] |
Anagallis arvensis L. | Solitary bees, Bombylidae, Coleoptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Anthemis cotula L. | Solitary bees, Lepidoptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Arum italicum Mill. | Diptera | [22] |
Asclepias syriaca L. | Bombus, Xylocopa, Sphecidae | [23] |
Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hier. | Bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. | Bombylidae | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Borago officinalis L. | Bees, solitary bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. | Solitary bees, Coleptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Centaurea cyanus L. | Bees, solitary bees. Lepidoptera | [24] |
Centaurium erytrea Rafn | Syrphidae | [25] |
Chrysanthemum segetum L. | Bees, solitary bees; Bomyilidae; Lepidoptera | [26] |
Chrysanthemum coronarium L. | Bees, solitary bees; Bomyilidae; Lepidoptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | Solitary bees, Lepidoptera | [27] |
Consolida regalis Gray. | Bombus, Lepidoptera | [26] |
Convolvulus arvensis L. | Solitary bees, Coleptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Conyza canadensis L. | Bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Cuscuta campestris Yunk. | Bees, wasps | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Cychorium inthibus L. | Diptera, solitary bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Datura stramonium L. | Bombus spp. | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Dianthus carthusianorum L. | Lepidoptera | [26] |
Dipsacus fullonum L. | Lepidoptera, solitary bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Echium vulgare L. | Bombus spp. | [26] |
Euphorbia esula L. | Solitary bees | [28] |
Euphorbia helioscopia L. | Bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Geranium molle L. | Diptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Lamium purpureum L. | Bees, solitary bees, Bombylidae | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Lavatera punctata All. | [26] | |
Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix | Bees, Syrphidae, Bombylidae | [24] |
Linaria vulgaris Mill. | Bombus | [29] |
Lycnis flos-cuculi L. | Bees, solitary bees, Lepidoptera | [26] |
Matricaria chamomilla L. | Bees, solitary bees, Bombylidae, Lepidoptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Nigella damascena L. | Bees | [26] |
Oenotera biennis L. | Lepidoptera | [30] |
Ornithogalum spp. | Solitary bees, Coleoptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Papaver rhoeas L. | Bees, solitary bees, Xilocopa | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Polygonum lapathifolium L. | Bees, solitary bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Portulaca oleracea L. | Bees, Bombylidae | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Senecio vulgaris L. | Bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Silene alba (Mill.) Krause | Nocturnal and diurnal Lepidoptera | [31] |
Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. | Bombus, bees, Lepidoptera, Syrphidae | [32] |
Silene noctiflora L. | Nocturnal Lepidoptera | [33] |
Sinapis arvensis L. | Bees, solitary bees; Bomyilidae; Lepidoptera | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | Bees, solitary bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Veronica persica Poir. | Solitary bees, ants | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Viola spp. | Solitary bees | [34] |
Xanthium strumarium L. | Bees | Benvenuti, personal observ. |
Weed-Host | Butterfly Species | Source |
---|---|---|
Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp. | Pholisora catullus | [134] |
Apiaceae | Papilio machaon | [135] |
Aristolochia spp. | Pachliopta aristolochiae | [136] |
Carex spp. | Lopinga achine | [137] |
Asteraceae, Malvaceae, others | Vanessa cardui | [134] |
Avena fatua L. | Cercyonis pegala | [134] |
Bidens pilosa L. | Nathalis iole | [134] |
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch | Pontia bekeri | [134] |
Brassicaceae | Anthocaris sara | [134] |
Brassicaceae | Euchloe ausoides | [134] |
Brassicaceae | Pieris rapae | [134] |
Brassicaceae | Pontia protodice | [134] |
Cardamine spp., Nasturtium spp. | Anthocaris cardamines | [138] |
Caryophyllaceae | Euphyia picata | [139] |
Centaurea spp.; Plantago spp. | Melitaea didyma | [139] |
Chenpopodium album L. | Brephidium exilis | [134] |
Cirsium spp., Centaurea solstitialis | Phycioides mylitta | [134] |
Cirsium spp., Centaurea spp. | Tymelicus sylvestris | [139] |
Echium vulgare L. | Ethmia terminella | [139] |
Galium spp. | Ryparia purpurata | [139] |
Galium spp. | Macroglossa stellatarum | [139] |
Graminaceae | Brintesia circe | [139] |
Graminaceae | Lerodea eufala | [134] |
Hypericum spp. | Deilephila elpenor | [139] |
Lamiaceae | Perizoma alchemillata | [139] |
Lytrum spp., Epilobium spp. | Hyles vespertilio | [139] |
Malva sylvestris, Alcea rosea | Heliopetes ericetorum | [134] |
Malvaceae, Chenopodium album L. | Pyrgus communis | [134] |
Malvaceae, Papilionaceae | Strymon melinus | [134] |
Malvaceae, Urticaceae | Vanessa annabella, | [134] |
Melilotus officinalis Lam., M. alba Medic. | Colias eurytheme | [134] |
Papillionaceae | Cyaniris semiargus | [139] |
Plantaginaceae | Euphydryas chalcedona | [140] |
Plantago lanceolata L. | Mellicta hatalia | [141] |
Plantago major L. and P. lanceolata L. | Euphydryas editha | [134] |
Polygonaceae | Lycaena phlaeas | [139] |
Polygonum persicaria L. | Lycaena helloides | [134] |
Rumex crispus L. | Lycaeana xanthoides | [134] |
Rumex spp. | Lycaena cupreus | [134] |
Scrophulariaceae | Junonia coenia | [134] |
Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae | Junonia coenia | [140] |
Silene spp.; Lycnis spp. | Hadena rivularis | [139] |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Helicoverpa armigera | [142] |
Urtica spp. | Vanessa atlanta | [139] |
Veronica spp. | Stenoptilia pterodactyla | [139] |
Viola spp. | Argynnis paphia | [139] |
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Benvenuti, S. Weed Role for Pollinator in the Agroecosystem: Plant–Insect Interactions and Agronomic Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation. Plants 2024, 13, 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162249
Benvenuti S. Weed Role for Pollinator in the Agroecosystem: Plant–Insect Interactions and Agronomic Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation. Plants. 2024; 13(16):2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162249
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenvenuti, Stefano. 2024. "Weed Role for Pollinator in the Agroecosystem: Plant–Insect Interactions and Agronomic Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation" Plants 13, no. 16: 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162249