The Application of Paclobutrazol to GA3-Treated Seed Tuber Potato Fields Does Not Shorten the Growth Cycle or Mitigate Tuber Elongation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Sequential GA and PBZ Application on Potato Canopy
2.2. Effects of Sequential GA and PBZ Application on Potato Tubers
2.3. Progeny of GA PBZ Sequential Application
2.4. Examination of Earlier Dehaulming and Increased PBZ Concentrations on Seed Tuber Number, Growth Cycle Length, and Dry Matter Content
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
5.2. Experiment 1, Spring 2022
5.3. Experiment 2, Spring 2023
5.4. Progeny Test
5.5. Above-Ground Parameters
5.6. Below-Ground Parameters
5.7. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DAP | Days after planting |
GA | Gibberellic acid |
PBZ | Paclobutrazol |
References
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Number of 35–60 mm Tubers | % of 35–60 mm Tubers Out of Total | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | 95 DAP | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | 102 DAP | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | 95 DAP | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | 102 DAP | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 |
Control | 6.02 | 1.26 | a | 6.06 | 0.36 | a | 61 | 9.74 | a | 62 | 3.28 | ab |
GA3 | 4.17 | 0.51 | a * | 7.81 | 0.44 | a | 57 | 1.87 | a | 78 | 4.05 | a |
GA3–PBZ1W | 5.42 | 0.63 | a | 5.9 | 1.06 | a | 58 | 5.34 | a | 58 | 2.24 | ab |
GA3–PBZ2W | 5.2 | 1.29 | a | 5.45 | 0.29 | a | 57 | 5.51 | a | 64 | 5.47 | ab |
GA3–PBZ3W | 6.81 | 0.51 | a * | 6.34 | 0.88 | a | 62 | 2.36 | a | 79 | 5.05 | a |
GA3–PBZ4W | 7.01 | 1.02 | a * | 6.45 | 1.13 | a | 60 | 5.76 | a | 69 | 4.40 | ab |
PBZ1W | 4.47 | 0.70 | a | 5 | 1.02 | a | 55 | 5.17 | a | 68 | 6.14 | ab |
PBZ2W | 6.78 | 0.91 | a * | 5.73 | 0.84 | a | 68 | 3.98 | a | 53 | 5.02 | b |
PBZ3W | 5.06 | 0.47 | a | 5.67 | 0.19 | a | 70 | 7.06 | a | 69 | 2.93 | ab |
PBZ4W | 6.64 | 1.01 | a | 6.78 | 0.91 | a | 72 | 1.55 | a | 68 | 1.88 | ab |
Number of Tubers (35–60 mm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | 106 DAP | 113 DAP | 121 DAP | ||||||
Mean | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | |
Control | 6.0 | 1.0 | a | 4.9 | 0.5 | a | 6.7 | 0.6 | a |
GA3–PBZ1W | 6.4 | 0.2 | a | 5.0 | 0.2 | a | 5.9 | 0.2 | a |
GA3–PBZ2W | 7.4 | 0.2 | a | 6.1 | 0.7 | a | 6.5 | 0.9 | a |
GA3–PBZ3W | 6.8 | 1.0 | a | 5.0 | 0.6 | a | 5.9 | 0.5 | a |
GA3–PBZ4W | 7.5 | 0.2 | a | 5.5 | 0.4 | a | 7.3 | 0.9 | a |
GA3 | 7.8 | 0.1 | a | 4.7 | 1.0 | a | 5.4 | 0.6 | a |
PBZ1W | 5.9 | 0.1 | a | 5.6 | 0.6 | a | 5.3 | 1.0 | a |
PBZ2W | 6.9 | 0.4 | a | 6.2 | 0.7 | a | 5.5 | 0.3 | a |
PBZ3W | 5.7 | 0.4 | a | 7.0 | 1.2 | a | 4.3 | 0.1 | a |
PBZ4W | 5.7 | 0.7 | a | 6.4 | na | a | 5.4 | 0.8 | a |
% of 35–60 mm Tubers out of Total | |||||||||
Treatment | 106 DAP | 113 DAP | 121 DAP | ||||||
Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | |
Control | 69 | 3 | ab | 58 | 4 | a | 72 | 4 | a |
GA3–PBZ1W | 73 | 4 | ab | 65 | 5 | a | 68 | 3 | a |
GA3–PBZ2W | 75 | 2 | ab | 70 | 2 | a | 70 | 6 | a |
GA3–PBZ3W | 71 | 4 | ab | 64 | 1 | a | 66 | 3 | a |
GA3–PBZ4W | 77 | 1 | ab | 64 | 1 | a | 73 | 2 | a |
GA3 | 80 | 2 | a | 61 | 9 | a | 65 | 1 | a |
PBZ1W | 74 | 2 | ab | 70 | 4 | a | 67 | 7 | a |
PBZ2W | 69 | 3 | ab | 63 | 4 | a | 65 | 1 | a |
PBZ3W | 70 | 2 | ab | 70 | 3 | a | 68 | 1 | a |
PBZ4W | 65 | 2 | b | 67 | na | a | 67 | 5 | a |
Tuber Length of 35–60 mm Seed-Size Tubers | |||||||||
Treatment | 106 DAP | 113 DAP | 121 DAP | ||||||
Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | |
Control | 71.3 | 0.9 | bcde | 70.0 | 0.4 | bc | 72.7 | 0.9 | bcd |
GA3–PBZ1W | 75.2 | 0.6 | abcd | 74.4 | 1.5 | ab | 75.1 | 1.8 | abc |
GA3–PBZ2W | 77.7 | 1.3 | ab | 74.5 | 1.7 | ab | 76.1 | 1.7 | abc |
GA3–PBZ3W | 75.5 | 1.7 | abcd | 79.3 | 2.8 | a | 79.1 | 1.0 | ab |
GA3–PBZ4W | 78.0 | 1.8 | a | 78.2 | 2.2 | a | 80.4 | 0.9 | a |
GA3 | 76.3 | 1.7 | abc | 73.2 | 1.1 | ab | 77.4 | 2.3 | abc |
PBZ1W | 69.9 | 1.2 | cde | 65.2 | 1.0 | c | 67.3 | 1.4 | d |
PBZ2W | 67.4 | 0.8 | e | 65.1 | 0.1 | c | 70.3 | 0.8 | cd |
PBZ3W | 69.5 | 1.7 | de | 69.3 | 1.3 | bc | 70.9 | 2.4 | cd |
PBZ4W | 70.9 | 0.8 | cde | na | na | na | 71.6 | 1.2 | cd |
Marketable Tubers (35–80 mm) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Tuber Weight | Tuber Number | ||||
Mean (kg) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | |
Control | 10.7 | 0.2 | a | 74.3 | 6.4 | a |
GA3 | 10.4 | 0.6 | a | 70.7 | 7.9 | a |
GA3–PBZ1W | 11.9 | 0.4 | a | 92.0 | 8.5 | a |
GA3–PBZ2W | 11.7 | 0.5 | a | 80.3 | 5.2 | a |
GA3–PBZ3W | 12.1 | 0.6 | a | 90.0 | 4.6 | a |
GA3–PBZ4W | 11.2 | 0.4 | a | 82.0 | 3.5 | a |
PBZ1W | 10.2 | 0.6 | a | 72.3 | 5.7 | a |
PBZ2W | 11.8 | 0.3 | a | 89.0 | 6.0 | a |
PBZ3W | 10.5 | 1.1 | a | 71.0 | 8.7 | a |
PBZ4W | 11.9 | 1.4 | a | 86.0 | 9.3 | a |
Tuber Length of Marketable Tubers | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | 15–35 mm Width | 35–60 mm Width | 60–80 mm Width | ||||||
Mean Length (mm) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean Length (mm) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean Length (mm) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | |
Control | 31.0 | 0.9 | a | 64.1 | 0.9 | a | 86.0 | 1.4 | a |
GA3 | 33.6 | 2.0 | a | 61.4 | 1.1 | a | 86.9 | 0.9 | a |
GA3–PBZ1W | 32.8 | 1.8 | a | 61.6 | 1.3 | a | 85.2 | 1.8 | a |
GA3–PBZ2W | 31.2 | 0.9 | a | 64.7 | 1.0 | a | 86.1 | 0.5 | a |
GA3–PBZ3W | 33.2 | 1.2 | a | 62.3 | 0.2 | a | 84.4 | 0.6 | a |
GA3–PBZ4W | 32.2 | 1.3 | a | 60.8 | 0.8 | a | 85.8 | 1.3 | a |
PBZ1W | 33.1 | 0.7 | a | 62.8 | 0.9 | a | 85.5 | 0.5 | a |
PBZ2W | 32.0 | 2.1 | a | 60.7 | 1.1 | a | 85.4 | 0.5 | a |
PBZ3W | 32.1 | 1.7 | a | 61.6 | 1.7 | a | 84.2 | 0.3 | a |
PBZ4W | 34.2 | 1.0 | a | 62.2 | 0.4 | a | 84.7 | 0.9 | a |
Tuber Weight at 82 DAP | ||||||||||||
Tuber Width | 35–45 mm | 45–55 mm | 55–60 mm | 35–60 mm | ||||||||
Treatment | Mean (kg) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean (kg) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean (kg) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean (kg) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 |
Control | 0.10 | 0.018 | d | 0.30 | 0.020 | d | 0.31 | 0.017 | a | 0.72 | 0.021 | bc |
GA3 | 0.32 | 0.030 | a | 0.58 | 0.028 | a | 0.10 | 0.010 | d | 1.03 | 0.066 | a |
GA3–PBZ90 1W | 0.24 | 0.037 | abc | 0.45 | 0.043 | abc | 0.07 | 0.010 | d | 0.79 | 0.092 | abc |
GA3–PBZ90 4W | 0.29 | 0.036 | a | 0.50 | 0.019 | abc | 0.09 | 0.012 | d | 0.92 | 0.019 | abc |
GA3–PBZ270 1W | 0.25 | 0.036 | ab | 0.44 | 0.060 | abcd | 0.10 | 0.004 | d | 0.84 | 0.092 | abc |
GA3–PBZ270 4W | 0.27 | 0.033 | a | 0.54 | 0.037 | ab | 0.13 | 0.026 | cd | 0.97 | 0.066 | ab |
PBZ90 1W | 0.11 | 0.019 | d | 0.35 | 0.005 | cd | 0.23 | 0.020 | ab | 0.71 | 0.016 | bc |
PBZ90 4W | 0.11 | 0.011 | cd | 0.34 | 0.020 | cd | 0.26 | 0.032 | ab | 0.74 | 0.035 | abc |
PBZ270 1W | 0.12 | 0.013 | bcd | 0.40 | 0.039 | bcd | 0.22 | 0.012 | bc | 0.76 | 0.062 | abc |
PBZ270 4W | 0.09 | 0.001 | d | 0.30 | 0.018 | d | 0.25 | 0.006 | ab | 0.65 | 0.020 | c |
Tuber number at 82 DAP | ||||||||||||
Tuber width | 35–45 mm | 45–55 mm | 55–60 mm | 35–60 mm | ||||||||
Treatment | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 | Mean | SE (±) | p value ≤ 0.05 |
Control | 2.38 | 0.440 | cd | 3.87 | 0.248 | b | 2.75 | 0.113 | a | 9.00 | 0.558 | ab |
GA3 | 5.99 | 0.625 | a | 6.04 | 0.247 | a | 0.69 | 0.063 | c | 12.71 | 0.860 | a |
GA3–PBZ90 1W | 4.62 | 0.730 | abc | 4.57 | 0.446 | ab | 0.46 | 0.068 | c | 9.65 | 1.233 | ab |
GA3–PBZ90 4W | 5.68 | 0.606 | a | 5.34 | 0.109 | ab | 0.65 | 0.081 | c | 11.67 | 0.479 | ab |
GA3–PBZ270 1W | 4.75 | 0.634 | abc | 4.47 | 0.610 | ab | 0.66 | 0.041 | c | 9.89 | 1.132 | ab |
GA3–PBZ270 4W | 5.27 | 0.541 | ab | 5.73 | 0.414 | a | 1.02 | 0.200 | 12.03 | 0.888 | ab | |
PBZ90 1W | 2.62 | 0.462 | cd | 4.39 | 0.052 | ab | 2.04 | 0.166 | b | 9.05 | 0.347 | ab |
PBZ90 4W | 2.77 | 0.283 | bcd | 4.56 | 0.254 | ab | 2.34 | 0.283 | ab | 9.66 | 0.509 | ab |
PBZ270 1W | 3.06 | 0.293 | bcd | 5.11 | 0.503 | ab | 1.89 | 0.103 | b | 10.07 | 0.849 | ab |
PBZ270 4W | 2.06 | 0.020 | d | 3.84 | 0.219 | b | 2.27 | 0.068 | ab | 8.18 | 0.271 | b |
Tuber Length of 35–60 mm Seed-Size Tubers | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
82 DAP | 95 DAP | 103 DAP | |||||||
Treatments | Mean Length (mm) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean Length (mm) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 | Mean Length (mm) | SE (±) | p Value ≤ 0.05 |
Control | 65.6 | 1.4 | b | 65.6 | 0.2 | b | 63.3 | 0.6 | b |
GA3 | 74.1 | 0.5 | a | 77.7 | 0.7 | a | 76.9 | 0.5 | a |
GA3–PBZ90–1W | 74.2 | 0.5 | a | 77.4 | 1.0 | a | 76.8 | 0.4 | a |
GA3–PBZ90–4W | 72.9 | 0.7 | a | 77.0 | 0.4 | a | 77.2 | 0.8 | a |
GA3–PBZ270–1W | 74.6 | 0.6 | a | 78.4 | 1.0 | a | 77.0 | 0.5 | a |
GA3–PBZ270–4W | 73.2 | 0.1 | a | 76.3 | 0.3 | a | 76.8 | 0.5 | a |
PBZ90–1W | 64.1 | 0.8 | b | 64.9 | 0.5 | b | 62.7 | 0.7 | b |
PBZ90–4W | 63.8 | 0.7 | b | 65.4 | 0.3 | b | 63.5 | 0.3 | b |
PBZ270–1W | 62.8 | 0.1 | b | 63.2 | 0.3 | b | 62.5 | 0.2 | b |
PBZ270–4W | 65.4 | 0.3 | b | 66.0 | 0.6 | b | 63.5 | 0.4 | b |
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Nomo, S.D.; Shlebe, A.; Rachmilevitch, S.; Shalit-Kaneh, A. The Application of Paclobutrazol to GA3-Treated Seed Tuber Potato Fields Does Not Shorten the Growth Cycle or Mitigate Tuber Elongation. Plants 2024, 13, 2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162327
Nomo SD, Shlebe A, Rachmilevitch S, Shalit-Kaneh A. The Application of Paclobutrazol to GA3-Treated Seed Tuber Potato Fields Does Not Shorten the Growth Cycle or Mitigate Tuber Elongation. Plants. 2024; 13(16):2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162327
Chicago/Turabian StyleNomo, Samuel D., Aeden Shlebe, Shimon Rachmilevitch, and Akiva Shalit-Kaneh. 2024. "The Application of Paclobutrazol to GA3-Treated Seed Tuber Potato Fields Does Not Shorten the Growth Cycle or Mitigate Tuber Elongation" Plants 13, no. 16: 2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162327