Updated Taxonomy of Iris scariosa (Iridaceae) Inferred from Morphological and Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data with Remarks on Classification of Iris subg. Iris
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Molecular Study
2.1.1. Taxonomic Sampling
2.1.2. DNA Extraction, Amplification, and Sequencing
2.1.3. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.2. Morphological Study
2.2.1. Plant Morphology
2.2.2. Pollen Morphology
2.3. Taxonomy and Distribution
3. Results
3.1. Genetic Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships within Iris subg. Iris
3.2. Morphological Study
3.2.1. Macromorphological Comparison
3.2.2. Pollen Morphology
4. Discussion
4.1. Taxonomy of Iris scariosa
4.1.1. Taxonomic Treatment of Iris scariosa
4.1.2. Distribution and Ecology of Iris scariosa
4.2. Notes on the Iris subg. Iris Classification
4.2.1. List of Taxa
4.2.2. The Key
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code/Species (Haplotype) | Locality (Voucher *) | Coordinates: °N, °E | GenBank Accession Nos. trnH-psbA/rps4-trnS/trnS-trnG/ trnL-trnF/ndhF/ycf1 |
---|---|---|---|
Iris subg. Iris | |||
I. sect. Iris | |||
I. timofejewii Woronow | |||
S1 (H1) | Russia, Dagestan, vicinity of Botlikh Village, Boltenkov 178 (VBGI) | 42.693889, 46.249444 | PP724851/PP724882/PP724913/PP724944/PP724975/PP725005 |
S2 (H2) | Russia, Dagestan, vicinity of Muni Village, Boltenkov 179 (VBGI) | 42.676667, 46.287222 | PP724852/PP724883/PP724914/PP724945/PP724976/PP725006 |
S3 (H3) | Russia, Dagestan, vicinity of Usukhchai Village, Boltenkov 176 (VBGI) | 41.430278, 47.938611 | PP724853/PP724884/PP724915/PP724946/PP724977/PP725007 |
S4 (H4) | Russia, Dagestan, near Sagrinskiy Most, Boltenkov 180 (VBGI) | 42.749722, 46.626944 | PP724854/PP724885/PP724916/PP724947/PP724978/PP725008 |
S5 (H5) | Russia, Dagestan, vicinity of Tsudakhar Village, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | 42.328889, 47.163056 | PP724857/PP724888/PP724919/PP724950/PP724981/PP725011 |
S6 (H5) | Russia, Dagestan, Gunib Village, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | 42.390000, 46.959444 | PP724856/PP724887/PP724918/PP724949/PP724980/PP725010 |
S7 (H5) | Russia, Dagestan, vicinity of Khkem Village, Boltenkov 186 (VBGI) | 41.473889, 47.756944 | PP724855/PP724886/PP724917/PP724948/PP724979/PP725009 |
I. scariosa Willd. ex Link | |||
S8 (H6) | Russia, vicinity of Astrakhan, S. Zenin s.n. (cult.) | 46.392341, 47.956134 | PP724858/PP724889/PP724920/PP724951/PP724982/PP725012 |
I. glaucescens Willd. ex Link | |||
S9 (H8) | Kazakhstan, Akmola Region, vicinity of Lesnoye, P. Kosachev et al. s.n. (VBGI) | 52.584420, 68.621720 | PP724859/PP724890/PP724921/PP724952/PP724983/PP725013 |
S10 (H10) | Kazakhstan, Akmola Region, vicinity of Aksu Village, P. Kosachev et al. s.n. (VBGI) | 52.479800, 71.941320 | PP724860/PP724891/PP724922/PP724953/PP724984/PP725014 |
S11 (H8) | Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region, vicinity of Batyk Village, P. Gudkova & E. Kriuchkova s.n. (VBGI) | 48.896389, 72.395556 | PP724861/PP724892/PP724923/PP724954/PP724985/PP725015 |
S12 (H9) | Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region, south of Aksu-Ayuly Village, P. Gudkova & E. Kriuchkova s.n. (VBGI) | 48.616944, 73.700833 | PP724862/PP724893/PP724924/PP724955/PP724986/PP725016 |
S13 (H7) | Kazakhstan, Pavlodar Region, 1 km western of Sherbakty Village, P. Kosachev et al. s.n. (VBGI) | 52.473216, 78.098317 | PP724863/PP724894/PP724925/PP724956/PP724987/PP725017 |
S14 (H10) | Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan Region, vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk, M. Koldaeva s.n. (VBGI, cult.) | 50.012073, 82.431543 | PP724864/PP724895/PP724926/PP724957/PP724988/PP725018 |
S15 (H11) | Russia, Altai Krai, vicinity of Lake Kuchuk, A. Grebenjuk s.n. (LE) | 52.616234, 80.100987 | PP724865/PP724896/PP724927/PP724958/PP724989/PP725019 |
I. aphylla L. | |||
A1 | Russia, Stavropol Krai, Urochishche Russkaya Lesnaya Dacha, Boltenkov 143 (VBGI) | 45.101111, 41.886389 | PP724866/PP724897/PP724928/PP724959/PP724990/PP725020 |
A2 | Russia, Dagestan, Mikrakh Village, Boltenkov 175 (VBGI) | 41.369167, 47.892500 | PP724867/PP724898/PP724929/PP724960/PP724991/PP725021 |
A3 | Russia, Stavropol Krai, vicinity of Yutsa Village, Boltenkov 157 (VBGI) | 43.962222, 43.024722 | PP724869/PP724900/PP724931/PP724962/PP724993/PP725023 |
A4 | Russia, Stavropol Krai, Mount Mashuk, Boltenkov 166 (VBGI) | 44.038889, 43.089722 | PP724868/PP724899/PP724930/PP724961/PP724992/PP725022 |
I. pumila L. | |||
P1 | Russia, Stavropol Krai, Sengileyevskoye Vodokhranilishche, Boltenkov 149 (VBGI) | 45.009722, 41.803333 | PP724871/PP724902/PP724933/PP724964/PP724995/PP725025 |
P2 | Russia, Rostov Oblast, vicinity of Lysogorka Village, Boltenkov 150 (VBGI) | 47.717778, 39.210278 | PP724870/PP724901/PP724932/PP724963/PP724994/PP725024 |
I. alberti Regel | Kyrgyzstan, Chychkan River gorge, Boltenkov 132 (VBGI) | 42.076389, 72.813056 | PP724873/PP724904/PP724935/PP724966/PP724997/PP725027 |
I. imbricata Lindl. | Armenia, between Aghitu and Vaghatin villages, M. Oganesian et al. 114 (LE) | 39.509722, 46.097778 | PP724874/PP724905/PP724936/PP724967 |
I. reichenbachii Heuff. | Bulgaria, near Ponor Pass, A. Erst & A. Tashev s.n. (VBGI) | 42.911758, 23.163012 | PP724872/PP724903/PP724934/PP724965/PP724996/PP725026 |
I. sect. Oncocyclus (Siemssen) Baker I. iberica M.Bieb. | |||
Ar1 | Armenia, vicinity of Nor Artamet Village, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | 40.291111, 44.547778 | PP724877/PP724908/PP724939/PP724970/PP725000/PP725030 |
Ar2 | Armenia, vicinity of Garni Village, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | 40.122778, 44.695556 | PP724878/PP724909/PP724940/PP724971/PP725001/PP725031 |
I. acutiloba C.A.Mey. | Russia, Dagestan, vicinity of Novyy Deybuk Village, Boltenkov 182 (VBGI) | 42.402500, 47.938333 | PP724881/PP724912/PP724943/PP724974/PP725004/PP725034 |
I. sect. Hexapogon (Bunge) Baker | |||
I. longiscapa Ledeb. | |||
Uz1 | Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Region, vicinity of Termez, O. Turginov s.n. (TASH) | 37.383333, 67.366667 | PP724879/PP724910/PP724941/PP724972/PP725002/PP725032 |
Uz2 | Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Region, vicinity of Aqtash Village, O. Turginov s.n. (TASH) | 37.561182, 66.670855 | PP724880/PP724911/PP724942/PP724973/PP725003/PP725033 |
I. sect. Regelia Lynch | |||
I. stolonifera Maxim. | Tajikistan, Choltosh Village, P. Gudkova s.n. (VBGI) | 38.571389, 68.493611 | PP724876/PP724907/PP724938/PP724969/PP724999/PP725029 |
I. korolkowii Regel | Uzbekistan, Namangan Region, Pop District, M. Turgunov s.n. (TASH, cult.) | – | PP724875/PP724906/PP724937/PP724968/PP724998/PP725028 |
I. sect. Psammiris (Spach) J.J.Taylor | |||
I. potaninii Maxim. | Russia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Lake Zun-Torey, Boltenkov 77 (VBGI) | 50.12972, 115.70361 | ON569466/ON569554/ON569642/ON569730/PP725035/PP739309 |
I. vorobievii N.S.Pavlova | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Kraskino, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | 42.725, 130.93361 | ON569514/ON569602/ON569690/ON569778/PP725036/PP739310 |
I. bloudowii Ledeb. | Kazakhstan, Almaty Region, west of Qapal, A. Grebenjuk 161 (LE) | 45.02486, 78.94919 | ON569476/ON569564/ON569652/ON569740/PP725037/PP739311 |
I. humilis Georgi | Russia, Buryatia, Mount Spyashchiy Lev, Boltenkov 63 (VBGI) | 51.53833, 107.34611 | ON569491/ON569579/ON569667/ON569755/PP725038/PP739312 |
I. tigridia Bunge | Russia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Aginsky District, Lake Khaptsagaytuy, Boltenkov 72 (VBGI) | 50.6167, 114.88777 | ON569520/ON569608/ON569696/ON569784/PP725039/PP739313 |
I. sect. Pseudoregelia Dykes | |||
I. thoroldii Baker | China, Qinghai, northern slope of Jiangluling, D.G. Long et al. 148 (E00141064) | 35.56576, 99.98481 | ON569530/ON569618/ON569706/ON569794 |
I. goniocarpa Baker | China, Gansu, Wanmaoxiang, SQAE 85 (E) | 34.8013, 103.20255 | ON569527/ON569615/ON569703/ON569791 |
Outgroup accessions | |||
I. subg. Pardanthopsis (Hance) Baker | |||
I. dichotoma Pall. | Russia, Amur Oblast, M. Baranova s.n. (cult.) | – | LT978555/LT981297/LT984447/LT984483 |
I. subg. Limniris (Tausch) Spach | |||
I. ser. Lacteae Doronkin | |||
I. lactea Pall. | Russia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Kharanor, Chernova s.n. (IRK) | – | LT627854/LN871708/LN871662/LN871625/PP725040/PP739314 |
I. oxypetala Bunge | China, Shaanxi, Suyde, Kabanov s.n. (LE) | – | LT627844/LT627950/LT627975/LT627911/PP725041/PP739315 |
I. tibetica (Dykes) Bolt. | China, Qinghai, Xining to Ta Er, Long et al. 3 (E) | – | LT627893/LT627939/LT627998/LT627933/PP725042/PP739316 |
I. ser. Laevigatae (Diels) G.H.M.Lawr. | |||
I. ensata Thunb. | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Zarubino, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | – | LT627896/LT628012/LT628022/LT628002 |
I. laevigata Fisch. | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Roshchino, Pshennikova s.n. (VBGI) | – | LT627897/LT628013/LT628024/LT628003 |
I. pseudacorus L. | Russia, Vladivostok, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI, cult.) | – | LT627898/LT628014/LT628025/LT628004 |
I. ser. Ruthenicae (Diels) G.H.M.Lawr. | |||
I. uniflora Pall. ex Link | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Zarubino, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | – | LT627902/LT628018/LT628029/LT628008 |
I. ser. Sibiricae (Diels) G.H.M.Lawr. | |||
I. sibirica L. | Russia, Udmurt Republic, Perevoznoye, Melnikov s.n. (VBGI) | – | LT978537/LT981279/LT984429/LT984462/PP725047/PP739321 |
I. bulleyana Dykes | China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, M.G. Pimenov et al. 432 (MW0735232) | – | LT627895/LT628011/LT628021/LT628001/PP725043/PP739317 |
I. delavayi Micheli | China, Yunnan, Dali Xian, Yinglofen, Sino-Amer. Bot. Expedition 959 (MHA) | – | LT978552/LT981294/LT984444/LT984477/PP725044/PP739318 |
I. clarkei Baker ex Hook.f. | India, Ladakh, Kargil, C.A. Chadwell 82 (E, cult.) | – | LT978547/LT981289/LT984439/LT984472/PP725045/PP739319 |
I. wilsonii C.H.Wright | China, Yunnan, Little Zhongdian, E.J. Cowley 566 (Kew no. 1990-3457, cult.) | – | LR597339/LR597355/LR597371/LR597387/PP725046/PP739320 |
Species | I. timofejewii | I. scariosa | I. glaucescens | I. aphylla | I. reichenbachii | I. imbricata | I. pumila | I. lutescens | I. alberti | I. germanica |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I. timofejewii | – | 3.571 (1) | 6.878 (2) | 15.714 (12) | 14.571 (11) | 11.571 (8) | 16.857 (10) | 12.571 (9) | 7.143 (5) | 19.571 (16) |
I. scariosa | 0.00052 | – | 5.714 (3) | 14.500 (13) | 18.000 (18) | 15.000 (15) | 16.000 (11) | 16.000 (16) | 12.000 (12) | 23.000 (23) |
I. glaucescens | 0.00099 | 0.00082 | – | 17.786 (13) | 19.714 (13) | 16.714 (10) | 18.857 (10) | 17.429 (10) | 13.714 (7) | 24.714 (18) |
I. aphylla | 0.00227 | 0.00209 | 0.00257 | – | 14.750 (9) | 21.750 (16) | 22.250 (16) | 20.750 (15) | 20.750 (15) | 19.750 (14) |
I. reichenbachii | 0.00210 | 0.00260 | 0.00284 | 0.00213 | – | 15.000 (15) | 22.000 (17) | 16.000 (16) | 14.000 (14) | 13.000 (13) |
I. imbricata | 0.00146 | 0.00216 | 0.00241 | 0.00314 | 0.00216 | – | 17.000 (12) | 11.000 (11) | 11.000 (11) | 20.000 (20) |
I. pumila | 0.00243 | 0.00231 | 0.00272 | 0.00321 | 0.00317 | 0.00245 | – | 5.500 (3) | 18.000 (13) | 27.000 (22) |
I. lutescens | 0.00181 | 0.00231 | 0.00251 | 0.00299 | 0.00231 | 0.00159 | 0.00079 | – | 12.000 (12) | 21.000 (21) |
I. alberti | 0.00103 | 0.00173 | 0.00198 | 0.00299 | 0.00202 | 0.00159 | 0.00260 | 0.00173 | – | 19.000 (19) |
I. germanica | 0.00282 | 0.00332 | 0.00356 | 0.00285 | 0.00187 | 0.00288 | 0.00389 | 0.00303 | 0.00274 | – |
Section | Psammiris | Pseudoregelia | Iris | Oncocyclus | Hexapogon | Regelia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psammiris | – | 98.533 (63) | 69.685 (46) | 78.686 (60) | 0.0083.300 (67) | 78.450 (50) |
Pseudoregelia | 0.01470 | – | 86.462 (55) | 103.905 (79) | 108.167 (84) | 101.167 (69) |
Iris | 0.01010 | 0.01295 | – | 67.401 (50) | 69.846 (54) | 65.683 (41) |
Oncocyclus | 0.01136 | 0.01551 | 0.00977 | – | 12.571 (6) | 29.357 (12) |
Hexapogon | 0.01203 | 0.01614 | 0.01013 | 0.00181 | – | 32.250 (15) |
Regelia | 0.01133 | 0.01510 | 0.00952 | 0.00423 | 0.00465 | – |
No. | Characters | I. scariosa | I. timofejewii |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rhizome shape | Thick, tough, creeping | Thick, tough, creeping |
2 | Rhizome diameter | 0.6–3 | 0.6–2 |
3 | Rosette leaf shape | Ensiform, falcate or straight | Ensiform, falcate or straight |
4 | Rosette leaf texture | Chartaceous | Chartaceous |
5 | Rosette leaf apex shape | Narrowly acute or acute | Narrowly acute |
6 | Rosette leaf surface | Glaucous | Glaucous |
7 | Rosette leaf length | 6–34 | 5–25 |
8 | Rosette leaf width | 0.3–2.2 | 0.3–1.5 |
9 | Stem height | 2–25 | 1–15 |
10 | Number of cauline leaves | 1 | 1 |
11 | Cauline leaf length | 5.5–12.8 | 5–9 |
12 | Number of bracts | 2 | 2 |
13 | Number of bracteoles | 1 | 1 |
14 | Bract shape | Broadly-lanceolate | Broadly-lanceolate |
15 | Bract texture | Membranous | Membranous |
16 | Bract length | 3–8.5 | 3.2–6 |
17 | Pedicel length | 0.1–0.7 | 0.1–0.6 |
18 | Perianth tube length | 2.2–5.5 | 2.2–4.5 |
19 | Number of flowers | 1–2 | 1–2 |
20 | Flower color | Very variable | Variable |
21 | Flower diameter | 3.5–5 | 3.5–5 |
22 | Fall shape | Obovate | Obovate |
23 | Standard shape | Oblanceolate | Oblanceolate |
24 | Fruit shape | Oblong-ellipsoid | Oblong-ellipsoid |
25 | Fruit texture | Coriaceous | Coriaceous |
26 | Fruit length | 2.5–8 | 2–5 |
27 | Fruit diameter | 1.5–3 | 1.2–1.7 |
28 | Seed shape | Pyriform | Pyriform |
29 | Seed color | Reddish brown | Reddish brown n |
30 | Seed length | 4.5–8 mm | 5.4–7.6 mm |
31 | Seed diameter | 2.9–5.5 mm | 3.3–5.3 mm |
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Boltenkov, E.V.; Artyukova, E.V. Updated Taxonomy of Iris scariosa (Iridaceae) Inferred from Morphological and Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data with Remarks on Classification of Iris subg. Iris. Plants 2024, 13, 2349. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172349
Boltenkov EV, Artyukova EV. Updated Taxonomy of Iris scariosa (Iridaceae) Inferred from Morphological and Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data with Remarks on Classification of Iris subg. Iris. Plants. 2024; 13(17):2349. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172349
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoltenkov, Eugeny V., and Elena V. Artyukova. 2024. "Updated Taxonomy of Iris scariosa (Iridaceae) Inferred from Morphological and Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data with Remarks on Classification of Iris subg. Iris" Plants 13, no. 17: 2349. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172349