A Better Fruit Quality of Grafted Blueberry Than Own-Rooted Blueberry Is Linked to Its Anatomy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fruit Quality
2.2. Photosynthesis
2.3. Mineral Nutrients
2.4. Anatomic Structure of Leaves and Stems
2.5. Principal Component Analysis of Anatomic Structure Traits
2.6. Hydraulic Functional Traits of Stems
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials and Soil Properties
3.2. Collection of Fruit, Leaf and Stem Samples
3.3. Fruit Quality Traits
3.4. Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality Traits
3.5. Photosynthetic Parameters
3.6. Mineral Elements
3.7. Morphological Anatomy of Leaves and Stem Segments
3.8. Stem Hydraulic Conductivity
3.9. Vulnerability Curves
3.10. Data Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Rootstocks Affect Scion Fruit Quality
4.2. Rootstocks Affect Scion Anatomical Structure and Drought Resistance
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rootstock | Fresh Weight (g/Fruit) | Longitudinal Diameter (mm) | Transverse Diameter (mm) | Fruit Yield (g/Plant) | Total Soluble Solids (%) | Titratable Acidity (%) | Solid:Acid Ratio | Vitamin C (mg/100 g) | Anthocyanin (mg/100 g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anna | 1.39 ± 0.33 b | 10.30 ± 0.37 bc | 12.71 ± 0.96 ab | 446.67 ± 31.63 d | 10.37 ± 0.45 d | 0.72 ± 0.12 ab | 16.53 ± 0.23 c | 673.61 ± 1.36 b | 23.35 ± 0.34 f |
Sharpblue | 1.47 ± 0.05 b | 11.27 ± 1.02 ab | 13.11 ± 0.75 a | 610.33 ± 72.13 c | 11.73 ± 0.49 cd | 0.40 ± 0.19 bc | 23.71 ± 1.78 b | 505.99 ± 0.49 d | 49.88 ± 0.24 d |
Baldwin | 1.57 ± 0.09 b | 10.64 ± 0.83 ab | 12.52 ± 1.11 ab | 899.67 ± 31.90 ab | 12.97 ± 0.38 bc | 0.61 ± 0.11 ab | 22.13 ± 0.63 b | 510.83 ± 0.38 c | 51.61 ± 0.09 c |
Plolific | 1.60 ± 0.09 ab | 11.60 ± 0.47 a | 13.77 ± 0.47 a | 956.67 ± 27.10 a | 13.63 ± 0.78 b | 0.39 ± 0.24 bc | 33.83 ± 0.69 a | 356.62 ± 0.51 e | 81.50 ± 1.02 b |
Tifblue | 1.83 ± 0.02 a | 11.66 ± 0.21 a | 13.41 ± 1.68 a | 966.333 ± 41.68 a | 15.70 ± 0.53 a | 0.20 ± 0.09 c | 35.09 ± 1.03 a | 313.61 ± 0.57 f | 102.68 ± 0.89 a |
Own-rooted | 1.39 ± 0.03 ab | 9.39 ± 0.41 c | 11.75 ± 1.02 b | 829.67 ± 101.36 b | 8.93 ± 0.57 e | 0.85 ± 0.17 a | 12.97 ± 0.93 d | 675.69 ± 1.51 a | 47.06 ± 0.74 e |
Grafted and Own-Rooted ‘O’Neal’ | Comprehensive Evaluation Value | Quality Level |
---|---|---|
AO | 0.348 | Medium |
SO | 0.491 | Good |
BO | 0.501 | Good |
PO | 0.686 | Excellent |
TO | 0.891 | Excellent |
NO | 0.295 | Medium |
Grafted and Own-Rooted ‘O’Neal’ | Principal Component Score | Synthesis Score | Ranking | |
---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | P2 | |||
AO | −5.56 | −0.65 | −3.98 | 5 |
SO | 0.20 | −0.73 | 0.04 | 3 |
BO | −1.23 | −0.56 | −0.93 | 4 |
PO | 5.12 | −0.29 | 3.54 | 2 |
TO | 8.27 | 0.90 | 5.90 | 1 |
NO | −6.91 | 1.33 | −4.66 | 6 |
Grafted and Own-Rooted ‘O’Neal’ | Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn)/μmol m−2 s−1 | Transpiration Rate (Tr)/mmol m−2 s−1 | Stomatal Conductance (Gs)/mmol m−2 s−1 | Intercellular CO2 (Ci)/μmol mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AO | 4.82 ± 1.51 c | 0.38 ± 0.26 c | 49.00 ± 14.42 b | 87.23 ± 11.95 d |
SO | 8.42 ± 1.27 b | 0.49 ± 0.04 bc | 74.67 ± 9.27 b | 109.00 ± 12.77 cd |
BO | 7.51 ± 1.30 b | 0.50 ± 0.16 bc | 94.00 ± 10.15 ab | 141.67 ± 20.60 c |
PO | 11.13 ± 1.58 a | 0.79 ± 0.27 b | 140.00 ± 16.29 a | 206.00 ± 11.36 b |
TO | 11.43 ± 1.80 a | 0.88 ± 0.10 a | 102.33 ± 14.57 ab | 256.67 ± 28.36 a |
NO | 6.12 ± 1.43 bc | 0.28 ± 0.06 c | 46.33 ± 8.39 b | 124.00 ± 24.00 c |
Grafted and Own-Rooted ‘O’Neal’ | Principal Component Score | Synthesis Score | Ranking | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | |||
NO | −0.40 | −0.34 | −0.02 | 0.04 | −1.13 | 3 |
AO | −2.98 | 0.99 | 0.83 | 0.04 | −0.70 | 2 |
TO | 3.38 | 2.42 | −0.80 | 0.04 | 1.84 | 1 |
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Zhu, B.; Guo, P.; Wu, S.; Yang, Q.; He, F.; Gao, X.; Zhang, Y.; Xiao, J. A Better Fruit Quality of Grafted Blueberry Than Own-Rooted Blueberry Is Linked to Its Anatomy. Plants 2024, 13, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050625
Zhu B, Guo P, Wu S, Yang Q, He F, Gao X, Zhang Y, Xiao J. A Better Fruit Quality of Grafted Blueberry Than Own-Rooted Blueberry Is Linked to Its Anatomy. Plants. 2024; 13(5):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050625
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Bo, Peipei Guo, Shuangshuang Wu, Qingjing Yang, Feng He, Xuan Gao, Ya Zhang, and Jiaxin Xiao. 2024. "A Better Fruit Quality of Grafted Blueberry Than Own-Rooted Blueberry Is Linked to Its Anatomy" Plants 13, no. 5: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050625