Shipwrecked on the Rock, or Not Quite: Gypsophytes and Edaphic Islands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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nW | nGv | nGyGc | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | n | μ | std | s.d. | μ | std | s.d. | μ | std | s.d. |
S1 | 5 | 65.60 | 7.89 | S2, S3 | 51.80 | 7.46 | S2, S3 | 13.80 | 0.84 | S2, S3 |
S2 | 15 | 52.47 | 7.76 | S1, S3 | 41.07 | 6.99 | S1, S3 | 10.93 | 2.46 | S1, S3 |
S3 | 10 | 38.00 | 7.30 | S1, S2 | 29.10 | 8.80 | S1, S2 | 8.80 | 2.20 | S1, S2 |
95% CI rB Correlation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group_1 | Group_2 | W | z | p | H-L | rB | Lower (rB) | Upper (rB) |
Gy_z | Poa_z | 62.000 | −3.507 | <0.001 | −0.067 | −0.733 | −0.873 | −0.482 |
Gy_z | Ast_z | 14.000 | −4.494 | <0.001 | −0.118 | −0.940 | −0.973 | −0.868 |
Gy_z | Ste_z | 18.000 | −4.314 | <0.001 | −0.117 | −0.917 | −0.963 | −0.819 |
Gy_z | Ros_z | 44.000 | −3.877 | <0.001 | −0.065 | −0.811 | −0.912 | −0.617 |
Gy_z | Gv_z | 18.000 | −4.412 | <0.001 | −0.113 | −0.923 | −0.965 | −0.833 |
Gy_z | GvP_z | 3.000 | −4.720 | <0.001 | −0.141 | −0.987 | −0.994 | −0.971 |
Gy_z | P_nGR_z | 5.000 | −4.679 | <0.001 | −0.092 | −0.978 | −0.990 | −0.952 |
Gy_z | W_z | 20.000 | −4.371 | <0.001 | −0.069 | −0.914 | −0.961 | −0.815 |
GyGc_z | Poa_z | 57.000 | −3.610 | <0.001 | −0.075 | −0.755 | −0.884 | −0.518 |
GyGc_z | Ast_z | 10.000 | −4.576 | <0.001 | −0.122 | −0.957 | −0.981 | −0.905 |
GyGc_z | Ste_z | 20.000 | −4.271 | <0.001 | −0.123 | −0.908 | −0.959 | −0.800 |
GyGc_z | Ros_z | 26.000 | −4.247 | <0.001 | −0.072 | −0.888 | −0.949 | −0.763 |
GyGc_z | Gv_z | 19.000 | −4.391 | <0.001 | −0.119 | −0.918 | −0.963 | −0.824 |
GyGc_z | GvP_z | 2.000 | −4.741 | <0.001 | −0.148 | −0.991 | −0.996 | −0.981 |
GyGc_z | P_nGR_z | 2.000 | −4.741 | <0.001 | −0.099 | −0.991 | −0.996 | −0.981 |
GyGc_z | W_z | 19.000 | −4.391 | <0.001 | −0.076 | −0.918 | −0.963 | −0.824 |
95% CI for Rank–Biserial Correlation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group_1 | Group_2 | W | z | p | H-L | rB | Lower (rB) | Upper (rB) |
Gy_z | POOL1_z | 43.000 | −3.898 | <0.001 | −0.060 | −0.815 | −0.914 | −0.624 |
Gy_z | POOL2_z | 20.000 | −4.371 | <0.001 | −0.066 | −0.914 | −0.961 | −0.815 |
Gy_z | POOL3_z | 2.000 | −4.741 | <0.001 | −0.080 | −0.991 | −0.996 | −0.981 |
Gy_z | POOL4_z | 7.000 | −4.638 | <0.001 | −0.075 | −0.970 | −0.987 | −0.933 |
Gy_z | POOL5_z | 8.000 | −4.618 | <0.001 | −0.064 | −0.966 | −0.985 | −0.924 |
Gy_z | POOL6_z | 60.000 | −3.548 | <0.001 | −0.034 | −0.742 | −0.877 | −0.497 |
Gy_z | POOL7_z | 20.000 | −4.371 | <0.001 | −0.048 | −0.914 | −0.961 | −0.815 |
Gy_z | POOL8_z | 85.000 | −3.034 | 0.002 | −0.047 | −0.634 | −0.821 | −0.327 |
Gy_z | POOL9_z | 87.000 | −2.822 | 0.005 | −0.034 | −0.600 | −0.804 | −0.270 |
Gy_z | POOL10_z | 9.000 | −4.597 | <0.001 | −0.065 | −0.961 | −0.983 | −0.914 |
GyGc_z | POOL1_z | 33.000 | −4.103 | <0.001 | −0.064 | −0.858 | −0.935 | −0.704 |
GyGc_z | POOL2_z | 12.000 | −4.535 | <0.001 | −0.070 | −0.948 | −0.977 | −0.887 |
GyGc_z | POOL3_z | 0.000 | −4.782 | <0.001 | −0.086 | −1.000 | −1.000 | −1.000 |
GyGc_z | POOL4_z | 8.000 | −4.618 | <0.001 | −0.082 | −0.966 | −0.985 | −0.924 |
GyGc_z | POOL5_z | 4.000 | −4.700 | <0.001 | −0.071 | −0.983 | −0.992 | −0.961 |
GyGc_z | POOL6_z | 22.000 | −4.330 | <0.001 | −0.037 | −0.905 | −0.957 | −0.797 |
GyGc_z | POOL7_z | 9.000 | −4.597 | <0.001 | −0.055 | −0.961 | −0.983 | −0.914 |
GyGc_z | POOL8_z | 48.000 | −3.795 | <0.001 | −0.049 | −0.794 | −0.903 | −0.586 |
GyGc_z | POOL9_z | 64.000 | −3.466 | <0.001 | −0.037 | −0.725 | −0.869 | −0.468 |
GyGc_z | POOL10_z | 7.000 | −4.638 | <0.001 | −0.071 | −0.970 | −0.987 | −0.933 |
wG | nG | |
---|---|---|
n | 30 | 30 |
mean | 0.194 | 0.161 |
mean difference | p | |
t test | 0.032 | 0.075 |
Bayes factor | 0.874 | No evidence for either equal or unequal means |
Site | SO | VY | CU | AL | YA | PO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcrop surface area (km2) | 18.65 | 2.50 | 1.02 | 0.11 | 1.80 | 0.34 |
Size | Large (S1) | Medium (S2) | Medium (S2) | Small (S3) | Medium (S2) | Small (S3) |
Geology (type of gypsum) | Upper Messinian (selenite) | Upper Messinian (selenite) | Upper Messinian (selenite) | Upper Messinian (gypsarenite) | Upper Messinian (selenite) | Upper Messinian (selenite) |
Minimum altitude (m) | 240 | 495 | 187 | 186 | 390 | 220 |
Maximum altitude (m) | 660 | 626 | 256 | 265 | 661 | 336 |
Mean altitude (m) | 450 | 561 | 222 | 226 | 526 | 278 |
Average annual precipitation (mm) | 262 | 261 | 234 | 240 | 259 | 248 |
Distance to nearest outcrop (km) | 4.41 | 12.03 | 14.32 | 6.79 | 6.79 | 4.41 |
Distance to source outcrop (km) | - | - | 17.95 | 17.53 | 16.41 | 4.41 |
Average distance to the rest of the outcrops (km) | 21.23 | 16.39 | 20.48 | 21.26 | 22.88 | 24.12 |
Percentage included in protected area | 96.8 | 0 | 61.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Percentage of the surface affected by mining concessions | 95.1 | 77.8 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Active quarries | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Presence of abandoned quarries in the outcrop | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Number of species present | 350 | 200 | 148 | 109 | 132 | 125 |
Number of gypsophile species + (gypsoclines) | 14 + (5) | 13 + (4) | 9 + (4) | 4 + (3) | 8 + (5) | 10 + (3) |
Number of gypsophile species in the set of samples + (gypsoclines) | 13 + (5) | 13 + (4) | 9 + (4) | 4 + (3) | 8 + (5) | 10 + (3) |
Maximum number of gypsophile species in the samples + (gypsoclines) | 12 + (3) | 11 + (4) | 8 + (4) | 4 + (3) | 8 + (5) | 9 + (3) |
Threatened species | Ch, Ga, Ha, Lo, Nt, Sv, Tt | Ch, Lo, Sv, Re | Ch, Sp, Sv | Ch, Eb, Lt, Sp, Pd | Ch, Lf, Lo, Sp, Sv | Ch, Ha, Nt, Re, Sv, Tc, Tt |
Gy | Gypsophytes (species that exclusively grow on gypsum) |
GyGc | Gypsophytes and gysopclines (species with a strong preference for gypsum, but not exclusive) |
Poa | Poaceae family representatives |
Ast | Asteraceae family representatives |
Ste | Stellarietea mediae class representatives |
Ros | Rosmarinetea officinalis class representatives |
Gv | Gypsovags, i.e., species that can grow on different types of soils |
GvP | Perennial gypsovags |
P_nGR | Non-gypsophile species within the Rosmarinetea officinalis class |
W | All species recorded in the sample plots |
wG | Gypsophytes widely distributed, found throughout Spain and beyond |
nG | Locally or regionally endemic gypsophytes |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Mota, J.F.; Martínez-Hernández, F.; Pérez-García, F.J.; Mendoza-Fernández, A.J.; Salmerón-Sánchez, E.; Merlo, M.E. Shipwrecked on the Rock, or Not Quite: Gypsophytes and Edaphic Islands. Plants 2024, 13, 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070970
Mota JF, Martínez-Hernández F, Pérez-García FJ, Mendoza-Fernández AJ, Salmerón-Sánchez E, Merlo ME. Shipwrecked on the Rock, or Not Quite: Gypsophytes and Edaphic Islands. Plants. 2024; 13(7):970. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070970
Chicago/Turabian StyleMota, Juan F., Fabián Martínez-Hernández, Francisco Javier Pérez-García, Antonio Jesús Mendoza-Fernández, Esteban Salmerón-Sánchez, and M. Encarna Merlo. 2024. "Shipwrecked on the Rock, or Not Quite: Gypsophytes and Edaphic Islands" Plants 13, no. 7: 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070970