Potential Anti-Infectious Activity of Essential Oil Chemotypes of Lippia origanoides Kunth on Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition of the Three Chemotypes of the L. origanoides EO
2.2. Activity of the L. origanoides EO on Staphylococcal Growth
2.3. Activity of the L. origanoides EO on the Formation of the Biofilm of S. aureus
2.4. Correlation of the Chemical Composition of the L. origanoides EO and Its Antibiofilm Activity
2.5. Antihemolysis Activity of the L. origanoides EO on S. aureus
3. Discussion
3.1. Chemical Composition of the Three Chemotypes of the L. origanoides EO
3.2. Activity of the L. origanoides EO on Staphylococcal Growth
3.3. Activity of the L. origanoides EO on the Formation of the Biofilm of S. aureus
3.4. Correlation of the Chemical Composition of the L. origanoides EO and Its Antibiofilm Activity
3.5. Antihemolysis Activity of the L. origanoides EO on S. aureus
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. EO Extraction and Chemical Characterization
4.2. Anti-Infectious Assays
4.2.1. Staphylococcus aureus Strains
4.2.2. Activity of EO on Staphylococcal Growth
4.2.3. Activity of the EO on the Formation of Biofilm
4.2.4. Antihemolytic Activity of EO
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound Name | Class | AI a | AI ADAMS b | Chemotype | Compound Identification d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Car | Thy | Ses | |||||
% area c | % area c | % area c | |||||
myrcene | M | 992 | 988 | 1.15 | 2.15 | 0.34 | RI, MS, Coi |
p-cymene | M | 1029 | 1020 | 18.12 | 15.26 | 2.85 | RI, MS, Coi |
limonene | M | 1033 | 1024 | 0.25 | 0.41 | 1.06 | RI, MS, Coi |
eucalyptol | OM | 1036 | 1026 | 0.74 | 2.63 | 2.77 | RI, MS, Coi |
γ-terpinene | M | 1061 | 1054 | 1.30 | 0.24 | 0.39 | RI, MS, Coi |
thymol methyl ether | OM | 1238 | 1232 | 1.31 | 3.33 | 0.07 | RI, MS |
thymol | OM | 1295 | 1289 | 2.74 | 57.30 | 0.13 | RI, MS, Coi |
carvacrol | OM | 1309 | 1298 | 68.51 | 0.20 | 0.19 | RI, MS, Coi |
α-copaene | S | 1388 | 1374 | nd | nd | 3.29 | RI, MS, Coi |
β-caryophyllene | S | 1438 | 1417 | 1.46 | 7.75 | 33.00 | RI, MS, Coi |
β-copaene | S | 1445 | 1430 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 1.00 | RI, MS |
α-humulene | S | 1471 | 1452 | 0.80 | 3.84 | 13.42 | RI, MS, Coi |
aromadendrene-allo | S | 1479 | 1458 | nd | nd | 1.73 | RI, MS |
γ-muurolene | S | 1491 | 1478 | nd | nd | 4.23 | RI, MS |
β-selinene | S | 1502 | 1489 | nd | 0.13 | 5.05 | RI, MS |
α-selinene | S | 1510 | 1498 | nd | 0.21 | 7.91 | RI, MS |
γ-cadinene | S | 1529 | 1513 | nd | nd | 1.36 | RI, MS |
δ-cadinene | S | 1539 | 1522 | nd | 0.08 | 7.21 | RI, MS |
caryophyllene oxide | OS | 1600 | 1582 | 0.79 | 1.33 | 1.32 | RI, MS, Coi |
Total of compound class (%) | |||||||
M | 20.82 | 18.06 | 4.64 | ||||
OM | 73.3 | 63.46 | 3.16 | ||||
S | 2.3 | 12.09 | 78.20 | ||||
OS | 0.79 | 1.33 | 1.32 | ||||
Total identified (%) | 97.21 | 94.94 | 87.32 |
S. aaureus Strain | Drug-Resistant Profile | L. origanoides EO | Positive Control | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Car | Thy | Ses | ||||||
MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | ||
ATCC 43300 | MRSA | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | >500 | >500 | RIF = 0.04 |
ATCC 25923 | MSSA | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | >500 | RIF = 0.08 |
ATCC BAA-977 | MSSA | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | >500 | >500 | RIF = 0.08 |
SAU-UIMY-44 | MDR, MRSA, VRSA | 500 | >500 | 500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | TET = 0.5 |
SAU-UIMY-31 | MSSA | 500 | 500 | 250 | 500 | 250 | 250 | RIF = 0.08 |
SAU-UIMY-24 | MDR, MRSA, VSSA | 250 | 500 | 250 | 500 | 500 | 500 | TET = 0.5 |
SAU-UIMY-5 | MDR, MRSA | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | RIF = 0.04 |
SAU-UIMY- 1 | XDR, MRSA, VISA | 125 | 250 | 125 | 250 | >500 | >500 | AMK = 16 |
SAU-UIMY-26 | MDR, MSSA, VISA | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | >500 | >500 | TET = 0.5 |
SAU-UIMY-10 | MDR, MRSA, VSSA | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 250 | 500 | TET = 0.5 |
SAU-UIMY-39 | MDR, MSSA, VSSA | 125 | 125 | 125 | 250 | 250 | 250 | TET = 0.5 |
SAU-UIMY-16 | MDR, MRSA, VSSA | 125 | 125 | 62.5 | 125 | 125 | 250 | TET = 0.5 |
S. aureus Strain | Origin | IC50 (µg/mL) | Biofilm Biomass (OD Values) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lippia origanoides Chemotypes | Positive Control | |||||
Car | Thy | Sesq | EDTA | |||
ATCC 43300 | - | 90.0 ± 1.9 a,b | 149.3 ± 1.9 a,b | 156.9 ± 2.1 a,b | 79.5 ± 2.9 | 0.728 ± 0.08 |
SAU-UIMY-26 | Surgical wound | 379.0 ± 7.0 e | 568.3 ± 20.9 f | 706.6 ± 173.5 g | 406.9 ± 1.2 | 0.198 ± 0.01 |
SAU-UIMY-44 | Blood | 228.3 ± 7.5 b,c,d | 291.7 ± 14.9 b,c,d,e | 684.86 ± 90.4 f,g | 458.1 ± 3.3 | 0.324 ± 0.03 |
SAU-UIMY-16 | Bronchial secretion | 213.8 ± 5.4 b,c,d | 192.8 ± 7.7 b,c,d | 659.3 ± 62.8 f,g | 123.9 ± 5.0 | 0.581 ± 0.06 |
SAU-UIMY-24 | Surgical wound | 196.9 ± 6.8 b,c,d | 198.6 ± 3.3 b,c,d | 307.8 ± 12.8 d,e | 55.8 ± 2.6 | 0.407 ± 0.07 |
SAU-UIMY-10 | Urine | 169.6 ± 4.5 b,c | 162.4 ± 7.4 b,c | 350.0 ± 2.0 d,e | 257.8 ± 4.6 | 0.420 ± 0.07 |
SAU-UIMY-31 | Breast abscess | 99.3 ± 3.9 a,b | 82.4 ± 5.1 a,b | 79.1 ± 6.1 a,b | 199 ± 1.8 | 0.902 ± 0.2 |
SAU-UIMY-1 | Bronchial secretion | 77.3 ± 4.8 a,b | 60.6 ± 1.7 a,b | 30.8 ± 1.5 a | 84.8 ± 1.8 | 1.29 ± 0.27 |
SAU-UIMY-39 | Blood | 35.5 ± 1.8 a,b | 63.3 ± 4.1 a,b | 103.2 ± 5.2 a,b | 104.8 ± 3.1 | 0.482 ± 0.08 |
S. aureus Strain | p-cymene | eucalyptol | thymol | carvacrol | β-caryophyllene | α-humulene | α+β-selinene | γ+δ-cadinene |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAU-UIMY-1 | 0.95 | −0.95 | 0.47 | 0.95 | −0.95 | −0.95 | −0.95 | −0.95 |
SAU-UIMY-31 | 0.74 | −0.74 | 0.21 | 0.74 | −0.74 | −0.74 | −0.74 | −0.74 |
SAU-UIMY-16 | −0.53 | 0.53 | −0.90 | −0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
SAU-UIMY-10 | −0.63 | 0.63 | −0.79 | −0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 |
SAU-UIMY-24 | −0.74 | 0.74 | −0.69 | −0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
SAU-UIMY-26 | −0.84 | 0.84 | −0.26 | −0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 |
SAU-UIMY-39 | −0.95 | 0.95 | −0.47 | −0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
SAU-UIMY-44 | −0.95 | 0.95 | −0.47 | −0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
ATCC 43300 | −0.84 | 0.84 | −0.26 | −0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 |
S. aureus Strain | Drug-Resistant Profile | Origin of Clinical Isolate | Susceptible To | Resistant To |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATCC 43300 | MDR, MRSA | — | DAP, LVX, LZD, MXF, RIF, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | AMC, AMP, CLI, CRO, ERY, GEN, OXA, PEN, MET, SAM |
ATCC 25923 | MSSA | — | AMC, AMP, CLI, CRO, DAP, ERY, GEN, LVX, LZD, MET, MXF, PEN, OXA, RIF, SAM, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | — |
ATCC BAA-977 | MSSA | — | CHL, CIP, CLI, CPT, DAP, GEN, LZD, OXA, RIF, SXT, TGC, VAN | ERY, PEN |
SAU-UIMY-39 | MDR, MSSA, VSSA | blood | AMC, CRO, DAP, GEN, LVX, LZD, MET, MXF, OXA, RIF, SAM, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | AMP, CLI, ERY, PEN |
SAU-UIMY-44 | MDR, MRSA, VRSA | blood | SXT, TET | AMC, AMP, CIP, CLI, CRO, ERY, LVX, MET, MFX, OXA, PEN, RIF, SAM, SNC, VAN |
SAU-UIMY-31 | MSSA | breast abscess | AMC, CLI, CRO, DAP, ERY, GEN, LVX, LZD, MET, MXF, OXA, RIF, SAM, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | AMP, PEN |
SAU-UIMY-16 | MDR, MRSA, VSSA | bronchial secretion | DAP, GEN, LZD, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | AMC, AMP, CLI, CRO, ERY, LVX, MET, MXF, OXA, PEN, RIF, SAM, SNC |
SAU-UIMY-1 | XDR, MRSA, VISA | bronchial secretion | DAP, LZD | AMC, AMP, CIP, CLI, CRO, ERY, LVX, MET, MXF, OXA, PEN, RIF, SAM, SXT, TET |
SAU-UIMY-5 | MDR, MRSA | surgical wound | DAP, GEN, LZD, RIF, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | AMC, AMP, CIP, CLI, CRO, ERY, LVX, MET, MXF, OXA, PEN, SAM, |
SAU-UIMY-24 | MDR, MRSA, VSSA | surgical wound | CIP, DAP, ERY, GEN, LVX, LZD, MXF, RIF, SNC, SXT, TET, VAN | AMC, AMP, CLI, CRO, MET, OXA, PEN, SAM, |
SAU-UIMY-26 | MDR, MSSA, VISA | surgical wound | AMC, CLI, CRO, DAP, ERY, LVX, LZD, MET, MXF, OXA, RIF, SAM, SXT, TET | AMP, GEN, PEN, SNC, |
SAU-UIMY-10 | MDR, MRSA, VSSA | urine | DAP, SXT, TET, VAN | AMC, AMP, CIP, CLI, CRO, ERY, GEN, LVX, LZD, MET, MXF, OXA, PEN, RIF, SAM, SNC |
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Uc-Cachón, A.H.; Calvo-Irabien, L.M.; Dzul-Beh, A.d.J.; Dzib-Baak, H.E.; Grijalva-Arango, R.; Molina-Salinas, G.M. Potential Anti-Infectious Activity of Essential Oil Chemotypes of Lippia origanoides Kunth on Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Plants 2024, 13, 1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091172
Uc-Cachón AH, Calvo-Irabien LM, Dzul-Beh AdJ, Dzib-Baak HE, Grijalva-Arango R, Molina-Salinas GM. Potential Anti-Infectious Activity of Essential Oil Chemotypes of Lippia origanoides Kunth on Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Plants. 2024; 13(9):1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091172
Chicago/Turabian StyleUc-Cachón, Andrés Humberto, Luz María Calvo-Irabien, Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh, Haziel Eleazar Dzib-Baak, Rosa Grijalva-Arango, and Gloria María Molina-Salinas. 2024. "Potential Anti-Infectious Activity of Essential Oil Chemotypes of Lippia origanoides Kunth on Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains" Plants 13, no. 9: 1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091172