Improvement of Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oil Content and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Depending on Type and Concentration of Selenium Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Plant Yield and Selenium Content
2.2. Essential Oil
2.3. Phenolic Compounds
2.4. Antioxidant Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
4.2. Plant Harvesting and Sample Preparation
4.3. Determination of Selenium in Basil
4.4. Isolation of the Essential Oil
4.5. Determination of Total Anthocyanins, Hydroxycinnamic Acids, Flavonoids and Phenolic Compound Content
4.6. Determination of Antioxidant Activity Using the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP Assays
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Main Effects | Factors | Se Concentration, µg g−1 | Yield, g Plant−1 | Leaves, g Plant−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Se-treatment (T) | Nutrient solution | 7.451 a | 2.829 a | 1.889 a |
Foliar application | 3.505 b | 2.851 a | 1.874 a | |
Se-concentration | 0 | 0.014 d | 2.706 a | 1.795 b |
(C) | 2 | 0.805 c | 2.714 a | 1.816 ab |
5 | 5.61 b | 2.983 a | 1.926 ab | |
10 | 15.48 a | 2.958 a | 1.990 a | |
Significance | T | * | ns | ns |
C | * | ns | * | |
T*C | * | ns | ns |
Main Effects | Factors | EO, % | THA, mg g−1 | TAC, mg g−1 | TTC, mg g−1 | TPC, mg g−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Se-treatment (T) | Nutrient solution | 0.312 a | 2.838 b | 0.398 a | 4.431 a | 20.31 a |
Foliar application | 0.273 b | 3.117 a | 0.379 b | 4.373 a | 19.29 b | |
Se-concentration | 0 | 0.243 b | 2.357 d | 0.370 bc | 4.428 ab | 14.89 d |
(C) | 2 | 0.266 b | 2.836 c | 0.364 c | 4.351 ab | 18.15 c |
5 | 0.321 a | 3.168 b | 0.393 b | 4.294 b | 21.12 b | |
10 | 0.338 a | 3.550 a | 0.428 a | 4.534 a | 25.03 a | |
Significance | T | * | * | * | ns | * |
C | * | * | * | * | * | |
T*C | * | * | * | ns | * |
Main Effects | Factors | Antioxidant Activity, mg TE g−1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH | ABTS | FRAP | ||
Se-treatment (T) | Nutrient solution | 11.27 a | 6.31 a | 18.65 a |
Foliar application | 10.38 b | 6.18 a | 16.90 b | |
Se-concentration | 0 | 8.93 d | 5.28 c | 15.51 c |
(C) | 2 | 9.40 c | 5.23 c | 15.64 c |
5 | 10.93 b | 6.46 b | 18.76 b | |
10 | 14.05 a | 8.00 a | 21.19 a | |
Significance | T | * | ns | * |
C | * | * | * | |
T*C | * | * | * |
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Se-Treatment | Se-Concentration, μM | Se Concentration in Leaves, μg g−1 | Yield, g Plant−1 | Leaves, g Plant−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 0 | 0.014 ± 0.002 aA1 | 2.71 ± 0.21 aA | 1.80 ± 0.12 aA |
Nutrient solution | 2 | 1.06 ± 0.06 b,* | 2.70 ± 0.29 a | 1.82 ± 0.08 a |
5 | 8.50 ± 0.350 c,* | 3.11 ± 0.22 a | 1.99 ± 0.19 a | |
10 | 20.23 ± 1.24 d,* | 2.80 ± 0.39 a | 1.95 ± 0.13 a | |
Foliar application | 2 | 0.55 ± 0.04 B,* | 2.72 ± 0.30 A | 1.82 ± 0.14 A |
5 | 2.72 ± 0.11 C,* | 2.85 ± 0.29 A | 1.85 ± 0.13 A | |
10 | 10.74 ± 0.67 D,* | 3.12 ± 0.31 A | 2.03 ± 0.18 A |
Se-Treatment | Se-Concentration, μM | Antioxidant Activity, mg TE g−1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH | ABTS | FRAP | ||
Control | 0 | 8.93 ± 0.26 aA1 | 5.28 ± 0.13 aA | 15.51 ± 0.62 aA |
Nutrient solution | 2 | 9.65 ± 0.23 b,* | 4.97 ± 0.27 a,* | 15.72 ± 0.48 a |
5 | 11.59 ± 0.44 c,* | 6.60 ± 0.24 b,* | 20.75 ± 0.93 b,* | |
10 | 14.92 ± 0.56 d,* | 8.38 ± 0.18 c,* | 22.64 ± 1.22 c,* | |
Foliar application | 2 | 9.14 ± 0.27 A,* | 5.49 ± 0.25 A,* | 15.57 ± 0.36 A |
5 | 10.27 ± 0.25 B,* | 6.32 ± 0.13 B,* | 16.76 ± 0.50 A,* | |
10 | 13.18 ± 0.22 C,* | 7.63 ± 0.25 C,* | 19.74 ± 0.61 B,* |
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Skrypnik, L.; Novikova, A.; Tokupova, E. Improvement of Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oil Content and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Depending on Type and Concentration of Selenium Application. Plants 2019, 8, 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110458
Skrypnik L, Novikova A, Tokupova E. Improvement of Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oil Content and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Depending on Type and Concentration of Selenium Application. Plants. 2019; 8(11):458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110458
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkrypnik, Liubov, Anastasia Novikova, and Elina Tokupova. 2019. "Improvement of Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oil Content and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Depending on Type and Concentration of Selenium Application" Plants 8, no. 11: 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110458