Exotic Plants Used by the Hmong in Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Exotic Species Used
2.2. Geographic Origins
2.3. Sources of Hmong’s Knowledge
3. Discussion
3.1. Exotic Species Used
3.2. Geographic Origins
3.3. Sources of Hmong’s Knowledge
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Family | #Species |
---|---|
Asteraceae | 8 |
Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae | 5 |
Euphorbiaceae | 4 |
Amaryllidaceae, Crassulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae | 3 |
Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, Passifloraceae, Talinaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae | 2 |
Acanthaceae, Adoxaceae, Annonaceae, Araceae, Asparagaceae, Balsaminaceae, Cannaceae, Caricaceae, Commelinaceae, Iridaceae, Malvaceae, Muntingiaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Pedaliaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae | 1 |
Scientific Name (Varangrat Nguanchoo Voucher Number) | Origin | Global Distribution | Habit | Habitat | Dispersed by |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amaranthus spinosus L. (625) | America | Pantropical, widespread in South Africa | Annual | Cultivated beds, open wastelands, margin of streams | Water |
Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff (645) | America | Tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Australia. | Annual | Orchards, wastelands, re-vegetation areas, forest gaps and margins | Vehicles, water, agricultural produce |
Celosia argentea L. (652, 923) | Africa | Pantropical, spreading early throughout Asia and Malesia | Annual | Plantations, pastures, open wastelands, and sometime ornamental plants | Wind, water |
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (624, 970) | America | Tropical and subtropical regions | Perennial | Plantations, rice paddies, pastures, crops, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins, and neglected fields | Wind, water, vehicles, machinery, in clothing, animals, agricultural produce |
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore. (622) | Africa | Tropical regions | Annual | Coffee and tea plantations, abandoned farmland, wastelands, backyard gardens, shifting cultivation sites | Wind, water |
Mimosa pudica L. (602, 745, 796) | America | Tropical regions | Perennial | Plantation crops, pastures, lawns, wastelands, along roadsides. | Animal fur, feathers or on clothing |
Passiflora foetida L. (975) | America | Tropical regions including south-eastern Asia, and many Pacific islands | Annual | Plantation crops, roadsides, wastelands, watercourses, closed forests, open woodlands, and coastal. | Birds and bats with the eaten ripe fruit |
Scoparia dulcis L. (608, 741, 777) | America | Tropical and subtropical regions | Perennial | Wastelands | Cattle and buffaloes |
Village Name | Coordinates (m.a.s.l.) | Distance from Nan City Center (km) | Population# | House- Hold# | Major Economic Crops |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Song Khwae | 19°18’13.12”N 100°44’55.84”E (740) | 84 | 2200 | 270 | Rice, corn, cabbage, bell pepper, lettuce, tomato, lychee, longan, tamarind |
Kew Num | 18°45’52.54”N 101°12’20.37”E (870) | 97 | 289 | 37 | Rice, corn, ginger, black galingale, lychee |
Num Tuang | 18°44’50.37”N 101°11’38.46”E (750) | 80 | 1456 | 185 | Rice, corn, ginger, black galingale, lychee |
Rom Klao | 18°33’31.61”N 101° 2’13.75”E (520) | 75 | 1159 | 156 | Rice, corn, cabbage, bell pepper, cucumber, pea, chili |
Huay Ta Khian Thong | 18°45’45.84”N 100°32’22.28”E (470) | 54 | 349 | 103 | Rice, corn |
Huay Yuak | 18°48’36.72”N 100°31’51.65”E (590) | 44 | 640 | 98 | Rice, corn, ginger, lychee, longan |
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Nguanchoo, V.; Wangpakapattanawong, P.; Balslev, H.; Inta, A. Exotic Plants Used by the Hmong in Thailand. Plants 2019, 8, 500. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110500
Nguanchoo V, Wangpakapattanawong P, Balslev H, Inta A. Exotic Plants Used by the Hmong in Thailand. Plants. 2019; 8(11):500. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110500
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguanchoo, Varangrat, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Henrik Balslev, and Angkhana Inta. 2019. "Exotic Plants Used by the Hmong in Thailand" Plants 8, no. 11: 500. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110500