Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance in Rice. A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Crop Management Practices for Heat Stress Avoidance
2.1. Agronomic Management
2.2. Heat Avoidance through Early Morning Flowering
2.3. Size of Basal Pore
2.4. Anther Size
2.5. Length of Basal Dehiscence of Anther
2.6. Plant Architecture
3. Induction of Acclimation by Using Growth Regulators/Protectants/Chemicals
3.1. Growth Regulators
3.2. Use of Organic Elicitors, Fertilizers, or Signaling Molecules
3.3. Use of Osmoprotectants
4. Breeding Approaches by Identification and Selection of Heat-Tolerant Genotypes
4.1. Low Leaf Temperature and Panicle Temperature and Well Exerted Panicle
4.2. High Carbohydrate Availability and Photosynthetic Rate
4.3. Protection from Thermal Degradation of Calvin Cycle Enzymes
4.4. High Production of Heat Shock Proteins
4.5. Higher Cell Membrane Thermostability and Chlorophyll Fluorescence
4.6. Anther Dehiscence, Spikelet Fertility, and Yield Attributes
4.7. Breeding
5. Genetic Manipulations for Heat Tolerant Transgenic Rice
6. Conclusions and Future Prospective
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rice Trans Host | Gene | Encoding Protein | Source | Mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hoshinoyume | sHSP17.7 | HSP17.7 | Oryza sativa L. | CaMV 35S promotor; enhanced heat and drought stress | [115] |
Pusa basmati | AtHsp101 | HSP101 | Arabidopsis thaliana | CaMV 35S promotor, enhanced heat tolerance | [90] |
Nipponbare | mtHsp70 | HSP70 | Oryza sativa L. | CaMV 35S promoter; mtHsp70 over-expression suppressed programmed cell death and ROS | [116] |
Hoshinoyume | sHsp17.7 | HSP17.7 | Oryza sativa L. | CaMV 35S promoter, enhanced heat and UV-B tolerance | [117] |
Spl7 mutant | Spl7 | HSFA4d | Oryza sativa L. | CaMV 35S promoter | [10] |
Oryza sativa | fad7 | Omega 3, fatty acid desaturase | Arabidopsis thaliana | Maize Ubi1 promoter; silencing of endogenous FAD genes | [118] |
Zhonghua11 Oryza sativa L. | SBPase | SBPase | Oryza sativa L. | ubiquitin promoter, over-expressing SBPase increased tolerance | [119] |
Oryza sativa ssp. Indica | RCA | Rubisco activase | Oryza australiensis | overexpression improved growth and yield | [84] |
Oryza sativa L. | rbcS | Oryza sativa L. cv Notohikari | Increased rubisco and photosynthesis in rbcS-sense lines compared to wild type | [83] | |
Dongjin | OsGSK1 | Glycogen synthase kinase3-like | Oryza sativa L. | enhanced tolerance | [120] |
Sasanishiki | OsWRKY11 | WRKY11 | Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare | HSP101 promoter, increased desiccation tolerance and survival rate of green parts | [121] |
Oryza sativa L. | DPB3-1 | DPB3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | DPB31 overexpression, heat stress inducible genes were upregulated | [122] |
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Khan, S.; Anwar, S.; Ashraf, M.Y.; Khaliq, B.; Sun, M.; Hussain, S.; Gao, Z.-q.; Noor, H.; Alam, S. Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance in Rice. A Review. Plants 2019, 8, 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110508
Khan S, Anwar S, Ashraf MY, Khaliq B, Sun M, Hussain S, Gao Z-q, Noor H, Alam S. Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance in Rice. A Review. Plants. 2019; 8(11):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110508
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Shahbaz, Sumera Anwar, M. Yasin Ashraf, Binish Khaliq, Min Sun, Sajid Hussain, Zhi-qiang Gao, Hafeez Noor, and Sher Alam. 2019. "Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance in Rice. A Review" Plants 8, no. 11: 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110508