1H-NMR Metabolite Fingerprinting Analysis Reveals a Disease Biomarker and a Field Treatment Response in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-Infected Olive Trees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Detection of Xylella Fastidiosa and Field Symptoms
2.2. Visual Inspection of 1H NMR Spectra
2.3. Unsupervised and Discriminant Analyses on Ogliarola Salentina and Cellina di Nardò Trees Naturally-Infected by Xylella fastidiosa
2.4. Supervised Discriminant Analyses on Ogliarola Salentina Metabolic Profiles
2.5. Supervised Discriminant Analyses on Cellina di Nardò Metabolic Profiles
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Leaf Samples Collection
4.2. Sample Preparation for 1H NMR Analysis
4.3. 1H-NMR Fingerprinting and Metabolite Identification
4.4. 1H NMR Data Processing and Multivariate Statistical Analyses
4.5. Chemicals
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Copertino (LE) | Veglie (LE) | Nardò (LE) | Martina Franca (TA) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultivar | Ogliarola salentina | Ogliarola salentina | Cellina di Nardò | Cellina di Nardò | |||||
Initial mean severity index (%) | 10 | 20 | 20 | 10 | |||||
Sampling periods (2017) | July | September | July | September | July | September | July | September | |
Mean severity index (%) | Untreated (Control) | 15 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 10 | 15 |
Treated (Dentamet®) | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
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Girelli, C.R.; Angilè, F.; Del Coco, L.; Migoni, D.; Zampella, L.; Marcelletti, S.; Cristella, N.; Marangi, P.; Scortichini, M.; Fanizzi, F.P. 1H-NMR Metabolite Fingerprinting Analysis Reveals a Disease Biomarker and a Field Treatment Response in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-Infected Olive Trees. Plants 2019, 8, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8050115
Girelli CR, Angilè F, Del Coco L, Migoni D, Zampella L, Marcelletti S, Cristella N, Marangi P, Scortichini M, Fanizzi FP. 1H-NMR Metabolite Fingerprinting Analysis Reveals a Disease Biomarker and a Field Treatment Response in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-Infected Olive Trees. Plants. 2019; 8(5):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8050115
Chicago/Turabian StyleGirelli, Chiara Roberta, Federica Angilè, Laura Del Coco, Danilo Migoni, Luigi Zampella, Simone Marcelletti, Nicola Cristella, Paolo Marangi, Marco Scortichini, and Francesco Paolo Fanizzi. 2019. "1H-NMR Metabolite Fingerprinting Analysis Reveals a Disease Biomarker and a Field Treatment Response in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-Infected Olive Trees" Plants 8, no. 5: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8050115