Genome Size and Chromosome Number Evolution in Korean Iris L. Species (Iridaceae Juss.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis
2.3. Genome Size Measurement by Flow Cytometry (FCM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chromosome Numbers and Karyotypes of Iris L.
3.1.1. Iris L. Subgenus Limniris Spach Section Limniris Spach
3.1.2. Iris L. Subgenus Limniris Spach Section Ioniris Spach
3.1.3. Iris L. Subgenus Pardanthopis (Hance) Baker
3.1.4. Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P.Bicknell.
3.2. Genome Size Variation in Iris L.
3.3. Evolution of Chromosome Numbers and Genome Sizes
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxon; Collection Number | Locality; GPS Coordinate; Collector | Chromosome Number (2n) | Genome Size 1 C ± S.D. (pg) |
---|---|---|---|
Iris | |||
Subgenus Limniris section Limniris | |||
Iris ensata Thunb. | 7.76 4 | ||
IMHAE103 | Yang-Yang, Kangwon; N38°05′44″, E128°39′15″, 154 m; TS, SK, CM | 24 | 7.86 ± 0.022 |
IMHAE117 | Pyeong-Chang, Kangwon; N37°41′34.03″, E128°45′25.79″, 889 m; TS, SK, CM | 24 | 7.66 ± 0.011 |
I. koreana Nakai 1, 2 | 7.29 4 | ||
sck00042 | Byeonsanbando National Park Endangered Species Botanical Garden (Cult.); SS, RI, CB, SK | 50 | 7.22 ± 0.068 |
sck00043 | Byeonsanbando National Park Endangered Species Botanical Garden (Cult.); SS, RI, CB, SK | 50 | 7.35 ± 0.029 |
I. laevigata Fisch. 1 | 7.12 4 | ||
Jebi-2 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 32 | 7.06 ± 0.010 |
Jebi-3 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 32 | 7.18 ± 0.046 |
I. minutoaurea Makino | 3.85 4 | ||
Gasan_8 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′41″, E128°34′12″, 733 m; TS, CB, HJ | 22 | 3.92 ± 0.008 |
JCKCK193269 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′35″, E128°34′36″, 675 m; TS, CB, SK, YM | 22 | 3.71 ± 0.171 |
JCKCK193273-1 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′26″, E128°34′26″, 779 m; TS, CB, SK, YM | 22 | 3.71 ± 0.024 |
JCKCK193273-2 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′26″, E128°34′26″, 779 m; TS, CB, SK, YM | 22 | 3.72 ± 0.006 |
JC041913 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′44″, E128°33′51″, 629 m; TS, YM | 22 | 4.09 ± 0.042 |
JCKC1932211-2 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′28″, E128°34′18″, 806 m; TS, CB, SK, YM | 22 | 3.79 ± 0.019 |
JCKC1932211-3 | Gasan, Kyungsang; N36°02′28″, E128°34′18″, 806 m; TS, CB, SK, YM | 22 | 3.70 ± 0.003 |
I. odaesanensis Y.N.Lee 1, 3 | 3.72 4 | ||
YSG18-66_1 | Gangwon; YS | 28 | 3.67 ± 0.012 |
YSG18-66_2 | Gangwon; YS | 28 | 3.68 ± 0.011 |
YSG18-66_4 | Gangwon; YS | 28 | 3.70 ± 0.019 |
BKC928 | Kyungsang; CB, YC | 28 | 3.79 ± 0.007 |
JCKC1932271 | Kyungsang; TS, CB, KS, YM | 28 | 3.76 ± 0.021 |
JC041904 | Kyungsang; TS, YM | 28 | 3.74 ± 0.042 |
JC041903 | Kyungsang; TS, YM | 28 | 3.67 ± 0.015 |
JC041940 | Kyungsang; TS, YM | 28 | 3.73 ± 0.018 |
I. oxypetala Bunge | 6.08 4 | ||
CC0621-50 | Ga-Gokri, Chungnam; N37°01′21″, E126°34′30″, 4 m; CB, CM | 40 | 6.38 ± 0.014 |
CC20190621-58 | Ga-Gokri, Chungnam; N37°01′17″, E126°34′32″, 3 m; CB, CM | 40 | 6.06 ± 0.010 |
CC20190621-64 | Ga-Gokri, Chungnam; N37°01′24″, E126°34′26″, 4 m; CB, CM | 40 | 6.00 ± 0.017 |
JCCMH025 | Gang-Wha, Incheon; N37°45′37″, E126°14′29″, 80 m; TS, CB, CM | 40 | 5.90 ± 0.005 |
I. pseudacorus L. | 5.89 4 | ||
Keumjeong-34 | Mt. Keumjeong, Busan; N35°14′ 5.5″, E129°03′24.6″, 455 m; CB, YK, YC | 34 | 5.82 ± 0.012 |
Chungdae_2 | Sinseong-dong, Daejeon; N36°22′44.8″, E127°20′35.5″, 83 m; CB | 34 | 5.87 ± 0.017 |
CC20190621-1 | Is. Hwangdo, Chungnam; N36°35′58.2″, E126°22′42.5″, 14 m; CB | 34 | 5.87 ± 0.024 |
CC20190621-48 | Dangjin, Chungnam; N37°01′21″, E126°34′30″E, 4 m; CB, CM | 34 | 5.98 ± 0.011 |
J20190616-1 | Nogokjae, Kimchoen; N36°04′04″, E128°12′50″, 242 m; TS, KS, CB | 34 | 6.02 ± 0.026 |
BKC910 | Mt. Keumjeong, Busan; N35°14′06″, E129°03′28″, 459 m; CB, YK, YC | 34 | 5.77 ± 0.009 |
CC20190621-57 | Ga-Gokri, Chungnam; N37°01′21″, E126°34′30″, 4 m; CB, CM | 34 | 5.91 ± 0.009 |
I. rossii Baker | 3.73 4 | ||
SJH1830 | Mt. Cheon-Gwan, Jeon-Ra; N34°32′39.4″, E126°55′40.8″, 225 m; SJH | 32 | 3.69 ± 0.014 |
Pusanuni_2 | Mt. Keumjeong, Busan; N35°14′23.8″, E129°4′27.23″, 169 m; CB, YK | 32 | 3.72 ± 0.005 |
J513 | Mun-San, Kyung-Gi; N37°57′55″, E126°56′13″, 58 m; TS | 32 | 3.85 ± 0.010 |
J514 | Mun-San, Kyung-Gi; N37°57′55″, E126°56′11″, 74 m; TS | 32 | 3.67 ± 0.013 |
Jeokseong_2 | Mun-San, Kyung-Gi; N37°57′55″, E126°56′13″, 58 m; TS | 32 | 3.66 ± 0.005 |
Keumjeong_8 | Mt. Keumjeong, Busan; N35°14′23.8″ E129°4′27.23″, 169 m; CB, CM | 32 | 3.79 ± 0.018 |
JCK05_7 | Mt. Saeng-Aeng; N36°19′21.9″, E126°30′45.7″, 110 m; TS, CB, SK | 32 | 3.74 ± 0.033 |
JCKC190512 | Mojioreum, Jeju; N33°23′42″, E126°45′58″, 247 m; TS, CB, SK, CM | 32 | 3.75 ± 0.003 |
SCK00021 | Mt. Bong-Wha, Chungnam; N36°47′08″, E126°26′20″, 79 m; CB, SK | 32 | 3.71 ± 0.003 |
I. sanguinea Hornem. | 5.23 4 | ||
K02-41 | Mt. Hwa-Ak, Kyung-Gi; N38°00′16.60″, E127°52′51.93″, 1097 m; SK | 28 | 5.22 ± 0.012 |
Hwaya_1 | Mt. Hwa-Ya, Kyung-Gi; N36°56′24.5″, E127°16′46.8″, 162 m; TS | 28 | 5.30 ± 0.009 |
K025-04-01 | Yeon-Cheon, Gangwon; N38°09′97.95″, E127°11′28.64″, 129 m; SK | 28 | 5.42 ± 0.021 |
K025-04-04 | Yeon-Cheon, Gangwon; N38°09′97.95″, E127°11′28.64″, 129 m; SK | 28 | 5.18 ± 0.022 |
Munsan_1 | Mun-San, Kyung-Gi; N37°57′55″, E126°56′13″, 58 m; TS | 28 | 5.12 ± 0.009 |
Cheonma-3 | Mt. Cheon-Ma, Kyung-Gi; N37°41′24″, E127°24′36″, 157 m; YS, SJH | 28 | 5.11 ± 0.011 |
JC041939 | Dae-Gu, Kyungsang; N35°54′44″, E128°38′46″, 629 m; TS, YM | 28 | 5.25 ± 0.020 |
I. setosa Pall. ex Link 1 | 5.63 4 | ||
Ga-3 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 38 | 5.55 ± 0.012 |
Ga_4-1 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 38 | 5.64 ± 0.007 |
Ga-7 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 38 | 5.57 ± 0.004 |
Seo-2 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 38 | 5.78 ± 0.016 |
Ga-5 | Gangwon; TS, CB | 38 | 5.59 ± 0.035 |
Subgenus Limniris section Ioniris | |||
I. ruthenica Ker Gawl. 1 | 2.42 4 | ||
Mo_2 | Jeju; YS, SJH | 42 | 2.45 ± 0.004 |
J1-1(SSK) | Incheon; SS | 42 | 2.42 ± 0.002 |
BKC939 | Busan; CB, YM | 42 | 2.45 ± 0.006 |
JC532 | Daegu; TS, CM | 42 | 2.39 ± 0.001 |
JC352-1 | Daegu; TS, CM | 42 | 2.43 ± 0.006 |
JC534-1 | Daegu; TS, CM | 42 | 2.42 ± 0.017 |
SCK00032 | Chungnam; SS, CB, SK | 42 | 2.42 ± 0.001 |
BKC937 | Busan; CB | 42 | 2.40 ± 0.001 |
JCCMH004 | Incheon; TS, CB, CM | 42 | 2.43 ± 0.002 |
I. uniflora Pall. ex Link | 2.46 4 | ||
JCK2019-77 | Mt. Sorak, Gangwon; N38°09′27″, E128°29′19″, 790 m; TS, CB, SK | 42 | 2.48 ± 0.002 |
JCK2019-78 | Mt. Sorak, Gangwon; N38°09′27″, E128°29′19″, 790 m; TS, CB, SK | 42 | 2.44 ± 0.003 |
JCK2019-79 | Mt. Sorak, Gangwon; N38°09′27″, E128°29′19″, 790 m; TS, CB, SK | 42 | 2.46 ± 0.003 |
Subgenus Pardanthopsis (Hance) Baker | |||
Iris dichotoma Pall. 1 | 3.34 4 | ||
SS03-1 | Cheonripo Arboretum (regenerated individual from a wild population); SS | 32 | 3.35 ± 0.004 |
SS20-1 | Cheonripo Arboretum (regenerated individual from a wild population); SS | 32 | 3.35 ± 0.008 |
SS20-2 | Cheonripo Arboretum (regenerated individual from a wild population); SS | 32 | 3.32 ± 0.011 |
SS20-3 | Cheonripo Arboretum (regenerated individual from a wild population); SS | 32 | 3.34 ± 0.006 |
I. domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb. | |||
Beom_1 | Busan (cult.); CB, YK | 32 | 4.75 ± 0.010 |
Sisyrinchium rosulatum E.P.Bicknell. | 0.91 4 | ||
JCKC190515 | Hyomyeong, Jeju; N33°19′25″, E126°35′39″, 327 m; TS, CB, SK, CM | 32 | 0.91 ± 0.001 |
JCKC190451 | Gujwa, Jeju; N33°27′05″, E126°48′06″, 244 m; TS, CB, SK, CM | 32 | 0.90 ± 0.001 |
Taxon (Collection Number) | Chromosome Length (µm) | AsI 2 (%) | RI 3 | Figure | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Largest (Mean ± S.D.) | Smallest (Mean ± S.D.) | Total HKL 1 (Mean ± S.D.) | ||||
Iris | ||||||
Subgenus Limniris section Limniris | ||||||
Iris ensata (IMHAE117) | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 82.5 ± 1.7 | 66.7 | 1.69 | 1A, 2A |
I. koreana (sck00043) | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 141.7 ± 9.9 | 61.9 | 3.51 | 1B, 2B |
I. laevigata (Jebi-2) | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 81.8 ± 1.7 | 61.9 | 1.85 | 1 C, 2C |
I. minutoaurea (Cheonma-2) | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 75.8 ± 2.4 | 58.3 | 2.58 | 1D, 2D |
I. odaesanensis (YSG18-66_2) | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 86.3 ± 2.4 | 59.5 | 2.19 | 1E, 2E |
I. oxypetala (CC0621-50) | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 86.4 ± 3.8 | 59.1 | 1.72 | 1F, 2F |
I. pseudacorus (CC20190621-57) | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 107.1 ± 4.2 | 62.0 | 2.34 | 1G, 2G |
I. rossii (Keumjeong_8) | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 100.5 ± 3.0 | 60.9 | 2.08 | 1H, 2H |
I. sanguinea (Hwaya_1) | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 87.2 ± 2.8 | 62.5 | 2.09 | 1I, 2I |
I. setosa (Seo-2) | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 122.9 ± 6.9 | 61.6 | 2.11 | 1J, 2J |
Subgenus Limniris section Ioniris | ||||||
I. ruthenica (JC534-1) | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 78.3 ± 4.3 | 58.0 | 2.52 | 1K, 2K |
I. uniflora (JCK2019-79) | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 61.9 ± 1.9 | 58.3 | 1.95 | 1L, 2L |
Subgenus Pardanthopsis | ||||||
I. dichotoma (SS20-3) | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 97.0 ± 4.4 | 61.9 | 2.19 | 1M, 2M |
I. domestica (Beom_1) | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 92.8 ± 4.2 | 59.7 | 1.76 | 1N, 2N |
Sisyrinchium rosulatum (JCKC190515) | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 43.4 ± 1.9 | 59.9 | 1.84 | 1O, 2O |
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Choi, B.; Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.; Temsch, E.M.; So, S.; Myeong, H.-H.; Jang, T.-S. Genome Size and Chromosome Number Evolution in Korean Iris L. Species (Iridaceae Juss.). Plants 2020, 9, 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101284
Choi B, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Temsch EM, So S, Myeong H-H, Jang T-S. Genome Size and Chromosome Number Evolution in Korean Iris L. Species (Iridaceae Juss.). Plants. 2020; 9(10):1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101284
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Bokyung, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Eva M. Temsch, Soonku So, Hyeon-Ho Myeong, and Tae-Soo Jang. 2020. "Genome Size and Chromosome Number Evolution in Korean Iris L. Species (Iridaceae Juss.)" Plants 9, no. 10: 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101284