Unravelling Chemical Composition of Agave Spines: News from Agave fourcroydes Lem.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Lignocellulosic Composition of Fiber and Spines
2.2. Metabolomic Profiling and In Situ Secondary Polyphenols Detection of Spine Tissues
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Leaves and Spines Sampling and Preparation
3.2. Monosaccharide Composition Analysis
3.3. Lignin Composition
3.4. Extraction and Metabolic Profiling of Spines
3.5. Cellulose and Lignin Visualization in Spines
3.6. Histological Staining for PAs and Condensed Tannins
3.7. Statistical Analyses and Images Processing
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | RT (min) | m/z | Formula | Ion/Adduct | Error (ppm) | Fragments | Candidate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive mode | ||||||||||
1 | 2.37 | 291.0871 | C15H15O6+ | [M + H]+ | 2 | 165.055 | 147.0441 | 139.0391 | 123.0439 | (+)-Catechin |
2 | 3.64 | 633.1428 | C27H30O16Na+ | [M + Na]+ | 2 | 303.0502 | 257.0445 | 153.0185 | 137.0231 | Rutin |
3 | 4.13 | 577.1341 | C30H25O12+ | [M + H − H2O]+ | 2 | 425.0869 | 317.0659 | Epicatechin-gallocatechin | ||
4 | 4.41 | 559.1236 | C30H23O11+ | [M + H − H2O]+ | 0 | Proanthocyanidin | ||||
5 | 4.65 | 559.1235 | C30H23O11+ | [M + H − H2O]+ | 0 | Proanthocyanidin | ||||
6 | 4.86 | 559.1237 | C30H23O11+ | [M + H − H2O]+ | 0 | Proanthocyanidin | ||||
7 | 5.29 | 303.0504 | C15H11O7+ | [M + H]+ | 1 | 257.0444 | 229.0497 | 153.018 | 137.0233 | Quercetin |
8 | 6.089 | 287.0555 | C15H11O6+ | [M + H]+ | 1 | 241.0499 | 165.0181 | 153.0181 | 121.0282 | Kaempferol |
Negative mode | ||||||||||
9 | 1.17 | 345.0829 | C14H17O10− | [M − H]− | 0 | Methyl 6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside | ||||
1 | 2.37 | 289.0717 | C15H13O6− | [M − H]− | 0 | 245.0814 | 203.0707 | 137.0237 | (+)-Catechin | |
10 | 2.54 | 771.2003 | C33H39O21− | [M − H]− | 2 | 609.1455 | 463.087 | 301.0339 | 151.0027 | Quercetin 3-rutinoside-7-galactoside |
11 | 2.85 | 289.0718 | C15H13O6− | [M − H]− | 0 | 245.0813 | 203.0705 | 137.0234 | (−)-Epicatechin | |
2 | 3.64 | 609.1458 | C27H29O16− | [M − H]− | 0 | 547.1238 | 331.0454 | 300.0263 | 151.0028 | Rutin |
12 | 3.95 | 243.0659 | C14H11O4− | [M − H]− | 1 | 225.0555 | 201.0552 | 183.0295 | 159.0447 | Suberenone |
4 | 4.41 | 557.1097 | C30H21O11− | [M − H − H2O]− | 2 | Proanthocyanidin | ||||
5 | 4.66 | 557.1092 | C30H21O11− | [M – H − H2O]− | 1 | Proanthocyanidin | ||||
6 | 4.87 | 557.1084 | C30H21O11− | [M − H − H2O]− | 0 | Proanthocyanidin | ||||
7 | 5.29 | 301.0351 | C15H9O7− | [M − H]− | 0 | 271.0244 | 227.0342 | 151.0031 | 121.0288 | Quercetin |
8 | 6.09 | 285.0406 | C15H9O6− | [M − H]− | 0 | 255.0298 | 229.0498 | 151.0031 | 93.0339 | Kaempferol |
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Morán-Velázquez, D.C.; Monribot-Villanueva, J.L.; Bourdon, M.; Tang, J.Z.; López-Rosas, I.; Maceda-López, L.F.; Villalpando-Aguilar, J.L.; Rodríguez-López, L.; Gauthier, A.; Trejo, L.; et al. Unravelling Chemical Composition of Agave Spines: News from Agave fourcroydes Lem. Plants 2020, 9, 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121642
Morán-Velázquez DC, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Bourdon M, Tang JZ, López-Rosas I, Maceda-López LF, Villalpando-Aguilar JL, Rodríguez-López L, Gauthier A, Trejo L, et al. Unravelling Chemical Composition of Agave Spines: News from Agave fourcroydes Lem. Plants. 2020; 9(12):1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121642
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorán-Velázquez, Dalia C., Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva, Matthieu Bourdon, John Z. Tang, Itzel López-Rosas, Luis F. Maceda-López, José L. Villalpando-Aguilar, Lorena Rodríguez-López, Adrien Gauthier, Laura Trejo, and et al. 2020. "Unravelling Chemical Composition of Agave Spines: News from Agave fourcroydes Lem." Plants 9, no. 12: 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121642