In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Poplar Bud Extracts on Phytophthora infestans: A New Effective Biological Method in Potato Late Blight Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. P. infestans Isolates
2.2. Plant Extracts Preparation
2.3. In Agaro Test of Poplar Bud Extracts on Mycelial Growth of Different Late Blight Strains
- v/v%-11.25 mL 20% populin + 140 g pea agar + 56.25 mL sterile distillate water.
- v/v%-22.5 mL 20% populin + 140 g pea agar + 45 mL sterile distillate water.
- v/v%-33.75 mL 20% populin + 140 g pea agar + 33.75 mL sterile distillate water.
- v/v%-45 mL 20% populin + 140 g pea agar + 22.5 mL sterile distillate water.
2.4. In Planta Test of Poplar Bud Extracts on Different Late Blight Strains
- Infinito 687 SC (62.5 g/L fluopicolid + 625 g/L propamocarb) doze: 1.4 L/300 L water (1.9 mL/200 mL water) synthetic fungicide.
- Valis M (60% mancozeb + 6% valifenalat) doze: 2.5 kg/300 L water (1.7 g/200 mL water) synthetic fungicide.
- Populin 10%: 100 mL extract 20% + 100 mL water.
- Populin 5%: 50 mL extract 20% + 150 mL water.
- 0% = healthy (0 foliar damage).
- 1% = up to 10 spots per plant or up to 1 leaflet in 10 attacked.
- 10% = up to 4 leaflets in 10 affected; plants still retaining normal form.
- 25% = nearly every leaflet with lesions but plants still retaining normal form; plot may look green though every plant affected.
- 50% = every plant affected and about half of leaf area destroyed by blight; plot looks green, flecked with brown.
3. Data Analyses
4. Results
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Year of Isolation | Location | Mating Type | Coordinates |
---|---|---|---|---|
13/08/21 | 2013 | Érd (HU) | Unknown | Unknown |
H-1/2015 | 2015 | Érd (HU) | Unknown | Unknown |
M16 | Unknown | Monorierdő (HU) | A1 | N47 18.772, E19 29.118 |
NY34 | 2006 | Nagykálló (HU) | A1 | Unknown |
S40 | 2006 | Solt (HU) | A1 | N46 46.867, E19 02.621 |
T17 | 2010 | Tordas (HU) | A1 | N47 20.448, E18 45.604 |
T2 | 2010 | Tordas (HU) | Unknown | N47 19.817, E18 45.707 |
Assessment Periods (Days) | Mean | * | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
Growth (mm) of strain 13/08/21 | ||||||||||||
Control | 11.1 | 14 | 19.1 | 22.6 | 27.8 | 32.6 | 37.8 | 40.9 | 40.9 | 41 | 28.78 | A |
1 v/v% | 3.7 | 12.7 | 17.3 | 18.8 | 22.4 | 24.7 | 24.9 | 26.7 | 28.6 | 29.3 | 20.91 | A |
2 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 16 | 17.9 | 20.9 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 25.4 | 27.1 | 28.6 | 18.28 | A |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14.1 | 7.97 | B |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | C |
Growth (mm) of strain H-1/2015 | ||||||||||||
Control | 12.7 | 18.5 | 23.8 | 27.3 | 33.3 | 39.5 | 43.3 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 36.34 | A |
1 v/v% | 10.7 | 13.8 | 17.3 | 20 | 22.8 | 24.1 | 27.5 | 29.6 | 29.8 | 31.6 | 22.72 | B |
2 v/v% | 10.1 | 11.3 | 13 | 15 | 16.8 | 17.3 | 17.6 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 20.8 | 16.21 | C |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 13 | 13.3 | 9.4 | D |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E |
Growth (mm) of strain M16 | ||||||||||||
Control | 3.2 | 11.1 | 17.2 | 22.2 | 31.3 | 38.6 | 45 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 33.36 | A |
1 v/v% | 0 | 11.4 | 18.3 | 22.5 | 28.1 | 35.6 | 42.5 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 32.34 | A |
2 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 15 | 16.3 | 20.5 | 26 | 30.7 | 37.5 | 45.1 | 46.2 | 23.73 | AB |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 11.6 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 18.4 | 21.4 | 27.3 | 28.6 | 32.5 | 17.12 | BC |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.5 | 19.8 | 21.7 | 23.9 | 29.2 | 32.5 | 14.36 | C |
Growth (mm) of strain NY34 | ||||||||||||
Control | 17.2 | 29.5 | 38.2 | 48.6 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 46.35 | A |
1 v/v% | 13.3 | 18.2 | 23 | 25.5 | 29.4 | 34.3 | 38.2 | 44.6 | 47.9 | 48.9 | 32.33 | B |
2 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 15 | 16.8 | 18.3 | 20.3 | 22.8 | 24.5 | 25.1 | 27.8 | 17.06 | C |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 12 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 14.7 | 17.2 | 19.1 | 19.3 | 20.2 | 12.83 | D |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E |
Growth (mm) of strain S40 | ||||||||||||
Control | 14 | 24.8 | 32.5 | 39.9 | 50.4 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 43.66 | A |
1 v/v% | 4.5 | 13 | 21.2 | 24.7 | 30.5 | 35.5 | 39.7 | 43.5 | 44.2 | 47.6 | 30.44 | B |
2 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 13.8 | 15.8 | 20.5 | 25.3 | 29.2 | 33.6 | 36.8 | 43 | 21.8 | C |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 8.36 | D |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | E |
Growth (mm) of strain T17 | ||||||||||||
Control | 13.6 | 19.1 | 28.1 | 34.8 | 43.9 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 41.45 | A |
1 v/v% | 11.3 | 16.8 | 20.9 | 25.2 | 29.6 | 35.5 | 39.7 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 34.4 | A |
2 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 16.1 | 19.2 | 24.2 | 27.4 | 29.2 | 33.3 | 38.8 | 46.4 | 23.46 | B |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 10.5 | 11.6 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 15.9 | 17 | 20.1 | 20.9 | 12.53 | C |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | D |
Growth (mm) of strain T2 | ||||||||||||
Control | 17 | 22.8 | 29 | 33.8 | 42.8 | 51 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 41.64 | A |
1 v/v% | 13 | 15.8 | 19.8 | 22 | 24.7 | 27.4 | 29 | 30.4 | 32.1 | 33.3 | 24.75 | B |
2 v/v% | 11.8 | 13.7 | 16.9 | 19.1 | 21.8 | 24 | 25.1 | 27.4 | 29.2 | 30.9 | 21.99 | B |
3 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 11.4 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 14.2 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 11.41 | C |
4 v/v% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 4.46 | D |
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Turóczi, B.; Bakonyi, J.; Szabó, K.-A.; Bálint, J.; Máthé, I.; Lányi, S.; Balog, A. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Poplar Bud Extracts on Phytophthora infestans: A New Effective Biological Method in Potato Late Blight Control. Plants 2020, 9, 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020217
Turóczi B, Bakonyi J, Szabó K-A, Bálint J, Máthé I, Lányi S, Balog A. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Poplar Bud Extracts on Phytophthora infestans: A New Effective Biological Method in Potato Late Blight Control. Plants. 2020; 9(2):217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020217
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuróczi, Botond, József Bakonyi, Károly-Attila Szabó, János Bálint, István Máthé, Szabolcs Lányi, and Adalbert Balog. 2020. "In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Poplar Bud Extracts on Phytophthora infestans: A New Effective Biological Method in Potato Late Blight Control" Plants 9, no. 2: 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020217