The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of SPVD Spread in the Field
2.2. SPVD Transmission through Artificial Friction Inoculation
2.3. Grafting was Effective for SPVD Transmission
2.4. Comparison of the Transcriptomes of Non-Infected and SPFMV and SPCSV-Infected Sweet Potato
2.5. Gene Ontology and Metabolic Pathway Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes
2.6. Genes Involved in Photosynthesis are Downregulated in SPFMV and SPCSV-Infected Plants when Compared with Non-Infected Plants
2.7. SPVD Affects the Expression Levels of Genes Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism
2.8. Expression of Phenylpropanoid Metabolic Pathway Genes is Altered in the Infected Plants
2.9. SPVD Alters the Expression of Genes Involved in Carotenoid, Zeatin, and Linoleic Acid Metabolism
2.10. DEGs that Participate in the Response to SPVD
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Field Experiments
4.3. Friction Inoculation Experiments
4.4. Graft Inoculation
4.5. Plant Materials used for Transcriptome Analysis
4.6. RNA Extraction
4.7. Illumina Sequencing, Data Filtering, and De Novo Assembly
4.8. Unigene Expression Analysis and Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) Identification
4.9. Functional Annotation
4.10. GO Term and KEGG Pathway Enrichment
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variety | Disease Index Calculated at 15 DAG | Disease Index Calculated at 30 DAG |
---|---|---|
Yushu No.2 | 12.14 ± 1.01abAB | 17.86 ± 1.01cB |
Yushu No.4 | 5.71 ± 0.00abcABC | 10.00 ± 4.04cBC |
Yushu No.6 | 2.86 ± 0.00bcdABCD | 7.86 ± 3.03cdBC |
Yushu 12 | 2.86 ± 0.00bcdABCD | 5.71 ± 0.00cdBCD |
Xushu 22 | 12.14 ± 1.01abAB | 26.43 ± 3.03bB |
Ning 4-6 | 35.00 ± 1.01aA | 63.57 ± 11.11bA |
Ningzishu No.1 | 23.57 ± 1.01aAB | 75.00 ± 13.13aA |
Unigene | Enzyme | log2 Ratio | Up/Downregulation |
---|---|---|---|
Unigene0031486 | phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) | −6.31 | Down |
Unigene0032806 | cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H, EC 1.14.13.11) | −2.14 | Down |
Unigene0033816 | chalcone synthase (CHS,EC 2.3.1.74) | −16.48 | Down |
Unigene0017175 | chalcone isomerase (CHI, EC 5.5.1.6) | −2.10 | Down |
Unigene0033967 | flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3′H, EC 1.14.13.21) | −13.36 | Down |
Unigene0028067 | flavanone 3-hydroxyrase (F3H, EC 1.14.11.9) | −16.43 | Down |
Unigene0036071 | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) | −15.59 | Down |
Unigene0035228 | anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, EC 1.14.11.19) | −16.52 | Down |
Unigene0005028 | flavonol synthase (FLS, EC 1.14.11.23) | −11.39 | Down |
Unigene0014446 | hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate O- hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT, EC 2.3.1.133) | −1.89 | Down |
Unigene0033185 | caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase 5 (CCoAOMT, EC 2.1.1.104) | −1.56 | Down |
Unigene0029746 | serine carboxypeptidase (EC 2.3.1.91) | −1.01 | Down |
Unigene0036646 | β-glucosidase 40 (EC 3.2.1.21) | −1.87 | Down |
Unigene0015200 | 4-coumarate-COA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12) | 1.53 | Up |
Unigene0001094 | Ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H, EC 1.14.13) | 11.81 | Up |
Unigene0016523 | cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44) | 1.24 | Up |
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Zhang, K.; Lu, H.; Wan, C.; Tang, D.; Zhao, Y.; Luo, K.; Li, S.; Wang, J. The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato. Plants 2020, 9, 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040492
Zhang K, Lu H, Wan C, Tang D, Zhao Y, Luo K, Li S, Wang J. The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato. Plants. 2020; 9(4):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040492
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Kai, Huixiang Lu, Chuanfang Wan, Daobin Tang, Yong Zhao, Kai Luo, Shixi Li, and Jichun Wang. 2020. "The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato" Plants 9, no. 4: 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040492