Abstract
In this manuscript, we prove some fixed point theorems on C🟉-algebra-valued partial b-metric spaces by using generalized contraction. We give support and suitable examples of our main results. Moreover, we present a generative application of the main results.
MSC:
47H09; 47H10; 46L05; 54H25
1. Introduction
Bakhtin [1] defined b-metric space, and Czerwik [2] established the fixed point results using the Banach contraction principle (see, for instance, [3,4,5] and references therein). Abdou et al. [6] illustrated a new concept of locally contractive mapping, generalized rational contraction and established fixed point theorems for such mappings in the context of extended b-metric spaces. Gholidahneh et al. [7] demonstrated the concept of modular p-metric space and established some fixed point results for -Meir–Keeler contractions in this space. Furthermore, they established a relationship between the fuzzy concept of Meir–Keeler and extended p-metrics with modular p-metrics and obtained fixed point results in triangular p-metric spaces with fuzzy concepts.
In 2014, Ma et al. [8] proved some fixed point theorems for self-maps with contractive or expansive conditions on -algebra-valued metric spaces. Chandok et al. [9] presented the concept of -algebra-valued partial metric space (-AVPMS) and some fixed point results on such spaces using C-class functions in 2019. Mlaiki et al. [10] expanded the class of - (-algebra-valued b-metric space) and -AVPMS by introducing - (-algebra-valued partial b-metric space) and used it to prove fixed point results in 2021.
In this paper, we prove fixed point theorems for generalized contraction in -.
This paper consists of five sections, wherein Section 1 begins with an introduction. In Section 2 we first recall some definitions, lemma and theorem related to - and discuss their related properties. In Section 3 we prove fixed point results as well as giving an example to support our main result. In Section 4 we apply our main result to examine the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the system of the Fredholm integral equation, and in the last section we present our conclusions.
2. Preliminaries
This section covers the basic definitions and properties of -algebras [11,12] with the following important consequences Suppose that is a unital algebra with unit . An involution on is a conjugate-linear map on such that The pair is known as a 🟉-algebra. A Banach 🟉-algebra is a 🟉-algebra together with a complete sub-multiplicative norm such that for all . A -algebra is a Banach 🟉-algebra with the property that for all . In this paper, we prove some fixed point theorems on -algebra-valued partial b-metric spaces by using generalized contraction.
Throughout this paper, we denote a -algebra with unit by . Set . Consider a positive element , i.e., if and where is the spectrum of . We define a partial ordering on as follows: iff . Now, we denote the set by .
Lemma 1
([11,13]). Let be a unital -algebra with a unit .
- 1.
- For each , we have
- 2.
- If with , then is invertible and
- 3.
- Assume that and , then
- 4.
- Define . Let . If with , and is an invertible operator, then
Ma et al. [14] presented in the sequel definition:
Definition 1.
Let and such that . A mapping satisfies the following condition:
- 1.
- for all
- 2.
- ;
- 3.
- , ∀
Then Φ is called a algebra-valued b-metric space () on ℧ and is a .
Now, we remember that the definition of introduced by Mlaiki et al. [10].
Definition 2.
Let ℧ be a non-void set and such that . A function satisfies the following property:
- 1.
- , ∀ and if ;
- 2.
- ;
- 3.
- ;
- 4.
- , ∀.
Then Φ is said to be a on ℧ and is said to be a .
Definition 3.
Let be a . A sequence in is said to be convergent (with respect to ) to a point if , for each satisfying for all .
Definition 4.
Let be a . A sequence in is said to be Cauchy (with respect to ) if exists and it is finite.
Definition 5.
Let be a . A triplet is said to be complete if every Cauchy sequence is convergent to ϱ in ℧ such that
Theorem 1
([10]). Let be a complete and is a -contraction. Then Λ has a unique fixed point such that .
Inspired by Theorem 1, we prove fixed point theorems for generalized contractions in with an application.
3. Main Results
Now, we prove fixed point theorems for generalized contractions in .
Theorem 2.
Let be a complete . Suppose the mapping satisfying the condition:
where and Then Λ a unique fixed point such that .
Proof.
If we assume , then maps ℧ into a single point. Thus, without loss of generality, we assume that . Notice that for . Choose and set , and . Then
By Lemma 1,
Since with and we have and furthermore with by Lemma 1. Therefore,
where .
For any we have
This implies that is a Cauchy sequence in . By the completeness of we can find satisfying and
So,
This is equivalent to
Thus,
Therefore, .
Now if is another fixed point of , then
That is,
Since
This means that
□
Theorem 3.
Let be a complete . Suppose the mapping satisfying the following condition:
where and Then Λ has a unique fixed point in ℧.
Proof.
We assume that , without loss of generality. Notice that for , . Choose and set and Then
Thus,
where .
For any and we have
This implies is a Cauchy sequence in . By the completeness of we can find satisfying and
So,
This is equivalent to
Thus,
It follows that . Hence, is a fixed point of . Let be a other fixed point of , then
Hence, □
Example 1.
Let and and a mapping is defined by
where is a constant. For any , we denote its norm as, . Then, is a complete . Define a mapping by for all . Observe that
which satisfies
and . Therefore, all the postulates of Theorem 3 are fulfilled and Λ has the unique fixed point .
Example 2.
Let and . Let ⪯ be the partial order on given by
with the norm . Define
is defined by
Then is a complete . Define a mapping by for all . Observe that
which satisfies and . Therefore, all the postulates of Theorem 3 are fulfilled and Λ has the unique fixed point .
4. Application
We consider the Fredholm integral equation:
where is a measurable, and . Let , and . Define a mapping by
for all with , where is the multiplicative operator, defined by
Theorem 4.
For all , suppose that
- 1.
- be a continuous function and such thatfor all ;
- 2.
- .
Then the integral Equation (2) has a unique solution in ℧.
Proof.
Define by
Set . Then . For any , we have
Hence all the hypotheses of Theorem 2 are fulfilled, and thus Equation (2) has a unique solution. □
5. Conclusions
In this paper, we presented fixed point theorems for generalized contractions on . The examples and applications on are presented to strengthen our main results. Samreen et al. [15] proved fixed point theorems on extended b-metric spaces. It is an interesting open problem to prove fixed theorems on -algebra-valued extended partial b-metric spaces. Arabnia Firozjah et al. [16] proved fixed point results on cone b-metric spaces over Banach algebras. Furthermore, it is an interesting open problem to prove fixed theorems on -algebra-valued cone b-metric spaces.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed equally and significantly in writing this article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
The authors A. ALoqaily and N. Mlaiki would like to thank Prince Sultan University for paying the publication fees for this work through TAS LAB.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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