Skip Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

Mathematics, Volume 13, Issue 18

2025 September-2 - 150 articles

Cover Story: Given a discrete spatial structure X, we define continuous-time branching processes {ηt}t≥0 that model a population breeding and dying on X. These processes are usually called branching random walks, and {ηt}(x) denotes the number of individuals alive at site x at time t. They are characterised by breeding rates kxy (governing the rate at which individuals at x send offspring to y) and by a multiplicative speed parameter λ. These processes also serve as models for epidemic spreading, where λkxy represents the infection rate from x to y. In this context, {ηt}(x) represents the number of infected individuals at x at time t, and the removal of an individual is due to either death or recovery. Two critical parameters of interest are the global critical parameter λw, related to global survival, and the local critical parameter λs, related to survival within finite sets (with λwλs). View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
  • You may sign up for email alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Articles (150)

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
576 Views
36 Pages

22 September 2025

In cooperative coevolution (CC) frameworks, it is essential to identify the subproblems that can significantly contribute to finding the optimal solutions of the objective function. In traditional CC frameworks, subproblems are selected either sequen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
764 Views
22 Pages

22 September 2025

This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the consistent vehicle routing problem with time windows (ConVRPTW), motivated by the need to enhance customer satisfaction in the last-mile logistics industry. The problem invol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
908 Views
30 Pages

22 September 2025

Coastal regions are among the areas most affected by climate change, facing rising sea levels, frequent flooding, and accelerated erosion that place renewable energy infrastructures under serious threat. Solar farms, which are often built along shore...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,120 Views
25 Pages

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Model to Solve the Stochastic Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Service Times and Deadlines

  • Sergio Flavio Marroquín-Cano,
  • Elías Neftalí Escobar-Gómez,
  • Eduardo F. Morales,
  • Elizeth Ramírez-Álvarez,
  • Pedro Gasga-García,
  • Eduardo Chandomí-Castellanos,
  • J. Renán Velázquez-González,
  • Julio Alberto Guzmán-Rabasa,
  • José Roberto Bermúdez and
  • Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez

22 September 2025

Vehicle Routing Problems are central to logistics and operational research, arising in diverse contexts such as transportation planning, manufacturing systems, and military operations. While Deep Reinforcement Learning has been successfully applied t...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,768 Views
31 Pages

22 September 2025

Process monitoring plays a vital role in ensuring quality stability, and, operational efficiency across fields such as manufacturing, finance, biomedical science, and environmental monitoring. Among statistical tools, control charts are widely adopte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
869 Views
15 Pages

Comparing PINN and Symbolic Transform Methods in Modeling the Nonlinear Dynamics of Complex Systems: A Case Study of the Troesch Problem

  • Rafał Brociek,
  • Mariusz Pleszczyński,
  • Jakub Błaszczyk,
  • Maciej Czaicki,
  • Christian Napoli and
  • Giacomo Capizzi

22 September 2025

Nonlinear complex systems exhibit emergent behavior, sensitivity to initial conditions, and rich dynamics arising from interactions among their components. A classical example of such a system is the Troesch problem—a nonlinear boundary value p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,271 Views
20 Pages

22 September 2025

While core-periphery (CP) structures are a fundamental property of many social networks, their influence on information diffusion remains insufficiently understood, especially for complex contagions that require social reinforcement. To address this...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,268 Views
15 Pages

22 September 2025

In RNA-seq data analysis, a primary objective is the identification of differentially expressed genes, which are genes that exhibit varying expression levels across different conditions of interest. It is widely known that hidden factors, such as bat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,777 Views
28 Pages

22 September 2025

Remote sensing visual question answering (RSVQA) involves interpreting complex geospatial information captured by satellite imagery to answer natural language questions, making it a vital tool for observing and analyzing Earth’s surface without...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,827 Views
26 Pages

22 September 2025

The volatile nature of cryptocurrency markets demands real-time analytical capabilities that traditional centralized computing architectures struggle to provide. This paper presents a novel hybrid cloud–edge computing framework for cryptocurren...

  • Article
  • Open Access
553 Views
16 Pages

21 September 2025

This article investigates a mathematical model with the Caputo derivative for the transient unidirectional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid with pressure-dependent viscosity. The fluid flows in the spatial domain bounded by two parallel plates...

  • Article
  • Open Access
689 Views
22 Pages

Analysis of the Quasi-Concircular Curvature Tensor on Sequential Warped Product Manifolds

  • Rajesh Kumar,
  • Sameh Shenawy,
  • Johnson Lalrohlua,
  • Hanan Alohali and
  • Carlo Mantica

21 September 2025

This paper investigates the quasi-concircular curvature tensor on sequential warped product manifolds, which extend the classical singly warped product structure. We examine various curvature conditions associated with this tensor, including quasi-co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,347 Views
32 Pages

Random Forest Adaptation for High-Dimensional Count Regression

  • Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran,
  • Saidat Fehintola Olaniran,
  • Ali Rashash R. Alzahrani,
  • Nada MohammedSaeed Alharbi and
  • Asma Ahmad Alzahrani

21 September 2025

The analysis of high-dimensional count data presents a unique set of challenges, including overdispersion, zero-inflation, and complex nonlinear relationships that traditional generalized linear models and standard machine learning approaches often f...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
986 Views
31 Pages

Survival Analysis as Imprecise Classification with Trainable Kernels

  • Andrei Konstantinov,
  • Lev Utkin,
  • Vlada Efremenko,
  • Vladimir Muliukha,
  • Alexey Lukashin and
  • Natalya Verbova

21 September 2025

Survival analysis is a fundamental tool for modeling time-to-event data in healthcare, engineering, and finance, where censored observations pose significant challenges. While traditional methods like the Beran estimator offer nonparametric solutions...

  • Article
  • Open Access
541 Views
19 Pages

Q-Function-Based Diagnostic and Spatial Dependence in Reparametrized t-Student Linear Model

  • Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo,
  • Rosangela C. Schemmer,
  • Fernanda De Bastiani,
  • Manuel Galea,
  • Rosangela A. B. Assumpção and
  • Tamara C. Maltauro

20 September 2025

Characterizingthe spatial variability of agricultural data is a fundamental step in precision agriculture, especially in soil management and the creation of differentiated management units for increasing productivity. Modeling the spatial dependence...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
662 Views
17 Pages

20 September 2025

The goal of this manuscript is to introduce a new Stancu generalization of the modified Szász–Kantorovich operator connecting Riemann–Liouville fractional operators via Charlier polynomials. Further, some estimates are calculated as test functions an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,421 Views
26 Pages

20 September 2025

Quadratic programming (QP) formulations are widely used in optimal investment portfolio selection, a central problem in financial decision-making. In practice, asset allocation decisions operate at two interconnected levels: the strategic level, whic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
417 Views
14 Pages

20 September 2025

To solve problems on a positive-dimensional ideal, Ik[X], a maximal independent set UX modulo I, and a Gröbner basis of Ie, where Ie is the extension of I to k(U)[V](V:=XU), are widely used. As far as we know, they are usually c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
929 Views
35 Pages

20 September 2025

Using equivalent transformations, complicated circuits in physics that need numerous mathematical operations to analyze can be broken down into simpler equivalent circuits. It is also possible to determine the number of spanning trees—graph fam...

  • Article
  • Open Access
541 Views
16 Pages

20 September 2025

The law of the iterated logarithm precisely refines the law of large numbers and plays a fundamental role in probability limit theory. The framework of sub-linear expectation spaces substantially extends the classical concept of probability spaces. I...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
661 Views
21 Pages

19 September 2025

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of singularly perturbed complex networks with time delays, in which a novel event-triggered delayed impulsive control strategy is developed. To conserve limited communication bandwidth, a dynamic ev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
711 Views
26 Pages

19 September 2025

This work presents a numerical investigation of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) in shock-driven single-mode stratified heavy fluid layers, with emphasis on the influence of the Atwood number. High-order modal discontinuous Galerkin simulati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
793 Views
17 Pages

Toward Optimal Multi-Agent Robot and Lift Schedules via Boolean Satisfiability

  • Arjo Chakravarty,
  • Michael X. Grey,
  • M. A. Viraj J. Muthugala and
  • Rajesh Mohan Elara

19 September 2025

As a multirobot system grows in its number of agents, contention over shared resources poses a more significant risk of deadlock and operational deficiencies. When integrating with buildings, one of the most common pieces of equipment that robots hav...

  • Article
  • Open Access
565 Views
21 Pages

19 September 2025

This study presents a novel framework for uncertainty propagation in power-law, Bingham, and Casson fluids through rectangular ducts under stochastic viscosity (Case I) and pressure gradient conditions (Case II). Using the computationally efficient S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
668 Views
31 Pages

19 September 2025

Progressive first-failure censoring is a flexible and cost-efficient strategy that captures real-world testing scenarios where only the first failure is observed at each stage while randomly removing remaining units, making it ideal for biomedical an...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
838 Views
19 Pages

19 September 2025

The traditional boundary knot method (BKM) has certain advantages in solving Helmholtz equations, but it still faces the difficulty of solving ill-posed problems when dealing with inverse problems. This work proposes a novel deep learning framework,...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
534 Views
35 Pages

19 September 2025

Nonparametric control charts are widely used in many manufacturing processes when there is a lack of knowledge about the distribution that the quality characteristic of interest follows. If there is evidence that the unknown distribution is symmetric...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
639 Views
17 Pages

19 September 2025

In image classification, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) remain vulnerable to visually imperceptible perturbations, often called adversarial examples. Although various hypotheses have been proposed to explain this vulnerability, a clear cause ha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
690 Views
9 Pages

Fixed-Point Theorem with a Novel Contraction Approach in Banach Algebras

  • Hamza El Bazi,
  • Younes Lahraoui,
  • Cheng-Chi Lee,
  • Loubna Omri and
  • Abdellatif Sadrati

19 September 2025

In this paper, we establish a fixed-point theorem for mixed monotone operators in ordered Banach algebras by introducing a novel contraction condition formulated in terms of the product law, which represents a significant departure from the tradition...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,054 Views
36 Pages

18 September 2025

This study investigates the adoption of blockchain technology (BCT) and financing decisions for capital-constrained manufacturers in live streaming supply chains, where product quality information is asymmetric. Although BCT can improve information t...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,647 Views
24 Pages

18 September 2025

Blood cell detection and enumeration play a crucial role in medical diagnostics. However, traditional methods often face limitations in accurately detecting smaller or overlapping cells, which can result in misclassifications and reduced reliability....

  • Article
  • Open Access
537 Views
22 Pages

18 September 2025

The conditional Feynman integral provides solutions to integral equations equivalent to heat and Schrödinger equations. The Cameron–Martin translation theorem illustrates how the Wiener measure changes under translation via Cameron–M...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,018 Views
20 Pages

18 September 2025

This study investigates the evolution of online public opinion during the COVID-19 pandemic by integrating topic mining with sentiment analysis. To overcome the limitations of traditional short-text models and improve the accuracy of sentiment detect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,179 Views
45 Pages

18 September 2025

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is essential for reducing equipment downtime and enhancing operational efficiency. However, PdM datasets frequently suffer from significant class imbalance and are often limited to single-label classification, which fails...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,571 Views
37 Pages

Applications of Optimization Methods in Automotive and Agricultural Engineering: A Review

  • Wenjing Zhao,
  • Libin Duan,
  • Baolin Ma,
  • Xiangxin Meng,
  • Lifang Ren,
  • Deying Ye and
  • Shili Rui

18 September 2025

The automotive and agricultural industries face increasingly stringent demands with technological advancements and rising living standards, resulting in substantially heightened engineering complexity. In this background, optimization methods become...

  • Article
  • Open Access
500 Views
14 Pages

18 September 2025

We study a class of circular restricted planar Newtonian four-body problems in which three masses are positioned at the vertices of a Lagrange equilateral triangle configuration, each mass revolving around the center of mass in circular orbits. Assum...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,451 Views
18 Pages

18 September 2025

Accurate air quality prediction (AQP) is crucial for safeguarding public health and guiding smart city management. However, reliable assessment remains challenging due to complex emission patterns, meteorological variability, and chemical interaction...

  • Article
  • Open Access
667 Views
30 Pages

18 September 2025

Feature map pooling in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) serves the dual purpose of reducing spatial dimensions and enhancing feature invariance. Current pooling approaches face a fundamental trade-off: deterministic methods (e.g., MaxPool and Avg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,131 Views
27 Pages

18 September 2025

This study, grounded in traveling wave theory, develops a cross-scale reaction-diffusion model to describe nutrient-dependent bacterial growth on agar surfaces and applies it to in silico investigations of microbial population dynamics. The approach...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,655 Views
29 Pages

18 September 2025

Forecasting Bitcoin prices remains a complex task due to the asset’s inherent and significant volatility. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) models often rely on a single observation from the time series, potentially missing out on short-t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,143 Views
26 Pages

17 September 2025

(1) Background: Soccer action recognition (SAR) is essential in modern sports analytics, supporting automated performance evaluation, tactical strategy analysis, and detailed player behavior modeling. Although recent advances in deep learning and com...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
536 Views
31 Pages

17 September 2025

Industrial symbiosis network (ISN) is crucial to improving resource utilization efficiency and promoting sustainable development. In order to mitigate the damage caused to symbiotic systems by risk propagation, this paper constructs a directed weight...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,444 Views
25 Pages

17 September 2025

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a critical public health concern globally, including in Bangladesh. In this study, we employed a mathematical modeling framework to analyze the national dynamics of HCV infections and associated mortality in Bangladesh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,092 Views
18 Pages

17 September 2025

This paper presents a Neural Network-Based Symbolic Computation Algorithm (NNSCA) for solving the (2+1)-dimensional Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama (YTSF) equation. By combining neural networks with symbolic computation, NNSCA bypasses traditional method limit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
495 Views
34 Pages

17 September 2025

Resonance self-shielding in multi-resonant nuclide media is a dominant physical process in reactor neutronics analysis. This study proposes an improved subgroup method (ISM) based on Padé rational approximation, constructing a high-order ratio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
500 Views
19 Pages

Off-Site Geological Surveying of Longwall Face Based on the Fusion of Multi-Source Monitoring Data

  • Mengbo Zhu,
  • Ruoyu Rong,
  • Zhizhen Liu,
  • Xuebin Qin,
  • Haonan Zhang and
  • Shuaihong Kang

17 September 2025

A high-precision coal seam model is crucial to improving the adaptability of unmanned mining technology to geological conditions. However, the accuracy of a coal seam model constructed with boreholes and geophysical data is far from the required accu...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
422 Views
15 Pages

17 September 2025

Let q1++qn+m objects be arranged in n rows with q1,,qn objects and one last row with m objects. The Janjić–Petković counting function denotes the number of (n+k)-insets, defined as subsets containing n+k objects such th...

of 3

Get Alerted

Add your email address to receive forthcoming issues of this journal.

XFacebookLinkedIn
Mathematics - ISSN 2227-7390