Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Quality of Life in the Chilean Population: ENCAVI Results, 2015–2016
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Selection of Variables
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. PI and SB
4. Discussion
4.1. PI and SB Levels
4.2. Quality of Life
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample (n = 6261) | Male (n = 2351) | Female (n = 3910) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age c | 47.18 ± 18.60 | 47.09 ± 19.26 | 47.46 ± 18.29 | 0.623 a | |
≤44 | 2843 (45.41) | 1055 (44.87) | 1788 (45.73) | 0.752 b | |
45–59 | 1612 (25.75) | 606 (25.78) | 1006 (25.72) | ||
≥60 | 1806 (28.85) | 690 (29.35) | 1116 (28.54) | ||
Marital Status | <0.001 b | ||||
Single | 1593 (25.40) | 564 (24.00) | 1029 (26.30) | ||
Married/partnered | 3763 (60.10) | 1486 (63.20) | 2277 (58.20) | ||
DWW | 905 (14.50) | 301 (12.80) | 604 (15.04) | ||
Residence Area | 0.001 b | ||||
Urban | 5209 (83.20) | 2004 (85.20) | 3205 (82.00) | ||
Rural | 1052 (16.80) | 347 (14.80) | 705 (18.00) | ||
Educational Level | <0.001 b | ||||
Low | 2395 (38.30) | 835 (35.50) | 1560 (39.90) | ||
Medium | 2521 (40.30) | 959 (40.80) | 1562 (39.90) | ||
High | 1345 (21.50) | 237 (23.70) | 788 (20.20) | ||
Quality of Life c | <0.001 a | ||||
PCS | 49.14 ± 9.58 | 50.41 ± 8.73 | 48.27 ± 10.09 | ||
MCS | 51.65 ± 8.97 | 53.21 ± 7.99 | 51.03 ± 9.43 |
WHO Parameters for Intense PA | |||
---|---|---|---|
Non-Compliant (<3 Days) | Compliant (≥3 Days) | p | |
Inactive Person | Active Person | ||
Total sample | 5236 (83.63) | 1025 (16.37) | |
Gender | <0.001 b | ||
Male | 1765 (33.70) | 586 (57.20) | |
Female | 3471 (66.30) | 439 (42.80) | |
Age | <0.001 b | ||
≤44 | 2216 (42.32) | 627 (61.17) | |
45–59 | 1332 (25.44) | 280 (27.32) | |
≥60 | 1688 (32.24) | 118 (11.51) | |
Marital Status | 0.001 b | ||
Single | 1310 (25.00) | 283 (27.60) | |
Married/partnered | 3119 (59.60) | 644 (62.80) | |
DWW | 807 (15.40) | 98 (9.60) | |
Residence Area | <0.001 b | ||
Urban | 4311 (82.30) | 898 (87.60) | |
Rural | 925 (17.70) | 127 (12.40) | |
Educational Level | <0.001 b | ||
Low | 2144 (40.90) | 251 (24.50) | |
Medium | 2015 (38.50) | 506 (49.40) | |
High | 1077 (20.60) | 268 (26.10) | |
Quality of Life c | <0.001 a | ||
PCS | 48.35 ± 10.02 | 52.79 ± 6.37 | |
MCS | 51.56 ± 9.19 | 53.29 ± 7.64 |
WHO Parameters for Moderate PA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Compliant (<5 days) | Compliant (≥5 days) | p | ||
Inactive Person | Active Person | |||
Total sample | 5220 (83.37) | 1041 (16.63) | ||
Gender | <0.001 b | |||
Male | 1842 (35.30) | 509 (48.90) | ||
Female | 3378 (64.70) | 532 (51.10) | ||
Age | <0.001 b | |||
≤44 | 2260 (43.30) | 583 (56.00) | ||
45–59 | 1336 (25.59) | 276 (26.51) | ||
≥60 | 1624 (31.11) | 182 (17.48) | ||
Marital Status | <0.001 b | |||
Single | 1338 (25.60) | 255 (24.50) | ||
Married/partnered | 3070 (58.80) | 693 (66.60) | ||
DWW | 812 (15.60) | 93 (8.90) | ||
Residence Area | 0.030 b | |||
Urban | 4319 (82.70) | 890 (85.50) | ||
Rural | 901 (17.30) | 151 (14.50) | ||
Educational Level | <0.001 b | |||
Low | 2104 (40.30) | 291 (28.00) | ||
Medium | 2035 (39.00) | 486 (46.70) | ||
High | 1081 (20.70) | 264 (25.40) | ||
Quality of Life c | <0.001 a | |||
PCS | 48.49 ± 9.96 | 51.99 ± 7.29 | ||
MCS | 51.45 ± 9.10 | 53.85 ± 8.04 |
WHO Parameters for Intense PA (n = 1539) | WHO Parameters for Moderate PA (n = 2335) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Compliant (<75 min) | Compliant (≥75 min) | p | Non-Compliant (<150 min) | Compliant (≥150 min) | p | |
Inactive Person | Active Person | Inactive Person | Active Person | |||
Gender | 0.005 b | <0.001 b | ||||
Male | 144 (45.00) | 655 (53.73) | 879 (44.94) | 208 (54.88) | ||
Female | 176 (55.00) | 564 (46.27) | 1077 (55.06) | 171 (45.12) | ||
Age | 0.006 b | 0.005 b | ||||
≤44 | 173 (54.06) | 775 (63.58) | 1170 (59.82) | 194 (51.19) | ||
45–59 | 97 (30.31) | 306 (25.10) | 472 (24.13) | 117 (30.87) | ||
≥60 | 50 (15.63) | 138 (11.32) | 314 (16.05) | 68 (17.94) | ||
Marital Status | 0.087 b | 0.411 b | ||||
Single | 69 (21.56) | 337 (27.65) | 476 (24.34) | 100 (26.39) | ||
Married/partnered | 214 (66.88) | 757 (62.10) | 1276 (65.24) | 247 (65.17) | ||
DWW | 37 (11.56) | 125 (10.25) | 204 (10.43) | 32 (8.44) | ||
Residence Area | 0.327 b | 0.001 b | ||||
Urban | 278 (86.88) | 1083 (88.84) | 1740 (88.96) | 314 (82.85) | ||
Rural | 42 (13.13) | 136 (11.16) | 216 (11.04) | 65 (17.15) | ||
Educational Level | 0.785 b | <0.001 b | ||||
Low | 76 (23.75) | 306 (25.10) | 476 (24.34) | 111 (29.29) | ||
Medium | 153 (47.81) | 557 (45.69) | 852 (43.56) | 212 (55.94) | ||
High | 91 (28.44) | 356 (29.20) | 628 (32.11) | 56 (14.78) | ||
Quality of Life c | ||||||
PCS | 51.67 ± 7.14 | 52.89 ± 6.22 | 0.004 a | 51.35 ± 7.35 | 52.22 ± 6.75 | 0.001 a |
MCS | 52.79 ± 7.92 | 54.66 ± 7.73 | < 0.001 a | 52.16 ± 8.93 | 54.00 ± 7.81 | <0.001 a |
Sedentary Time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (0–3 Hours) 1 | Moderate (4–6 Hours) 2 | High (≥7 Hours) 3 | p | Post Hoc c | |
Total sample | 3319 (53.01) | 2232 (35.65) | 710 (11.34) | ||
Gender | 0.002 a | ||||
Male | 1202 (36.20) | 841 (37.70) | 308 (43.4) | ||
Female | 2117 (63.80) | 1394 (62.30) | 402 (56.6) | ||
Age | <0.001 a | ||||
≤44 | 1473 (44.38) | 1024 (45.88) | 346 (48.73) | ||
45–59 | 933 (28.11) | 508 (22.76) | 171 (24.08) | ||
≥60 | 913 (27.51) | 700 (31.36) | 193 (27.18) | ||
Marital Status | <0.001 a | ||||
Single | 837 (25.20) | 554 (24.80) | 202 (28.50) | ||
Married/partnered | 2070 (62.40) | 1320 (59.10) | 373 (52.50) | ||
DWW | 412 (12.40) | 358 (16.00) | 135 (19.00) | ||
Residence Area | <0.001 a | ||||
Urban | 2658 (80.10) | 1949 (87.30) | 602 (84.80) | ||
Rural | 661 (19.90) | 283 (12.70) | 108 (15.20) | ||
Educational Level | <0.001 a | ||||
Low | 1304 (39.30) | 806 (36.10) | 285 (40.10) | ||
Medium | 1379 (41.50) | 869 (38.90) | 273 (38.50) | ||
High | 636 (19.20) | 57 (25.00) | 152 (21.40) | ||
Quality of Life d | |||||
PCS | 49.56 ± 8.94 | 49.07 ± 9.78 | 46.82 ± 11.93 | 0.027 b | 1 > 3; 2 > 3 |
MCS | 51.82 ± 8.62 | 52.33 ± 9.23 | 50.42 ± 9.64 | <0.001 b | 1 > 3; 2 > 3 |
Physical Component Summary | Mental Component Summary | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scores < 50 | Scores < 50 | ||||
Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | ||
Intense Physical Activity | |||||
<3 days/week | 1.941 (1.631–2.311) | <0.001 | 1.189 (1.023–1.382) | 0.024 | |
Gender (female) | 1.473 (1.307–1.660) | <0.001 | 1.513 (1.353–1.692) | <0.001 | |
Age (≤44 years) | 0.273 (0.242–0.309) | <0.001 | 0.972 (0.868–1.089) | 0.624 | |
Marital status (Married/partnered) | 0.765 (0.682–0.858) | <0.001 | 0.837 (0.752–0.931) | 0.001 | |
Area (urban) | 0.921 (0.682–0.858) | 0.280 | 1.022 (0.887–1.178) | 0.760 | |
Educational level (<8 years) | 2.170 (1.925–2.445) | <0.001 | 1.410 (1.255–1.584) | <0.001 | |
Hosmer–Lemeshow test a | 0.376 | 0.523 | |||
Moderate Physical Activity | |||||
<5 days/week | 1.750 (1.484–2.064) | <0.001 | 1.458 (1.254–1.694) | <0.001 | |
Gender (female) | 1.528 (1.357–1.719) | <0.001 | 1.507 (1.349–1.684) | <0.001 | |
Age (≤44 years) | 0.268 (0.237–0.303) | <0.001 | 0.978 (0.873–1.095) | 0.694 | |
Marital status (Married/partnered) | 0.777 (0.693–0.871) | <0.001 | 0.846 (0.761–0.942) | 0.002 | |
Area (urban) | 0.912 (0.786–1.059) | 0.229 | 1.020 (0.885–1.176) | 0.781 | |
Educational level (<8 years) | 2.195 (1.948–2.473) | <0.001 | 1.402 (1.247–1.575) | <0.001 | |
Hosmer–Lemeshow test a | 0.548 | 0.663 | |||
Sedentary Behavior | |||||
≥6 h/week | 1.475 (1.280–1.700) | <0.001 | 1.257 (1.103–1.433) | 0.001 | |
Gender (female) | 1.615 (1.435–1.817) | <0.001 | 1.563 (1.400–1.746) | <0.001 | |
Age (≤44 years) | 0.259 (0.229–0.293) | <0.001 | 0.954 (0.852–1.067) | 0.408 | |
Marital status (Married/partnered) | 0.777 (0.693–0.872) | <0.001 | 0.846 (0.760–0.941) | 0.002 | |
Area (urban) | 0.901 (0.776–1.046) | 0.171 | 1.011 (0.877–1.165) | 0.877 | |
Educational level (<8 years) | 2.248 (1.996–2.532) | <0.001 | 1.423 (1.267–1.599) | <0.001 | |
Hosmer–Lemeshow test a | 0.624 | 0.796 |
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Gonzalez-Torres, C.; Yuing, T.; Berral-de la Rosa, F.; Lizana, P.A. Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Quality of Life in the Chilean Population: ENCAVI Results, 2015–2016. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071020
Gonzalez-Torres C, Yuing T, Berral-de la Rosa F, Lizana PA. Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Quality of Life in the Chilean Population: ENCAVI Results, 2015–2016. Healthcare. 2023; 11(7):1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071020
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzalez-Torres, Carlos, Tuillang Yuing, Francisco Berral-de la Rosa, and Pablo A. Lizana. 2023. "Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Quality of Life in the Chilean Population: ENCAVI Results, 2015–2016" Healthcare 11, no. 7: 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071020