The Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score Questionnaire for a Young and Active Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Translation Procedure and Cultural Adaptation
2.2. Participants and Procedures
2.3. Validity
2.4. Internal Consistency
2.5. Reliability
2.6. Measurement Error
2.7. Ceiling and Floor Effects
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Hölmich, P. Adductor-Related Groin Pain in Athletes. Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. 1997, 5, 285–291. [Google Scholar]
- Karlsson, J.; Swärd, L.; Kälebo, P.; Thomée, R. Chronic Groin Injuries in Athletes. Recommendations for Treatment and Rehabilitation. Sports Med. 1994, 17, 141–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Renström, P.; Peterson, L. Groin Injuries in Athletes. Br. J. Sports Med. 1980, 14, 30–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Robertson, B.A.; Barker, P.J.; Fahrer, M.; Schache, A.G. The Anatomy of the Pubic Region Revisited: Implications for the Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Chronic Groin Pain in Athletes. Sports Med. 2009, 39, 225–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Werner, J.; Hagglund, M.; Walden, M.; Ekstrand, J. UEFA Injury Study: A Prospective Study of Hip and Groin Injuries in Professional Football over Seven Consecutive Seasons. Br. J. Sports Med. 2009, 43, 1036–1040. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hölmich, P.; Thorborg, K.; Dehlendorff, C.; Krogsgaard, K.; Gluud, C. Incidence and Clinical Presentation of Groin Injuries in Sub-Elite Male Soccer. Br. J. Sports Med. 2014, 48, 1245–1250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fricker, P.A.; Taunton, J.E.; Ammann, W. Osteitis Pubis in Athletes: Infection, Inflammation or Injury? Sports Med. 1991, 12, 266–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Picavet, H.S.J. Health Related Quality of Life in Multiple Musculoskeletal Diseases: SF-36 and EQ-5D in the DMC3 Study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2004, 63, 723–729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Waal, J.M.; Bot, S.D.M.; Terwee, C.B.; Windt, D.A.W.M.; Bouter, L.M.; Dekker, J. The Course and Prognosis of Hip Complaints in General Practice. Ann. Behav. Med. 2006, 31, 297–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dawson, J.; Doll, H.; Fitzpatrick, R.; Jenkinson, C.; Carr, A.J. The Routine Use of Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Healthcare Settings. BMJ 2010, 340, c186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elliott, A.M.; Smith, B.H.; Penny, K.I.; Cairns Smith, W.; Alastair Chambers, W. The Epidemiology of Chronic Pain in the Community. Lancet 1999, 354, 1248–1252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Patrick, D.L.; Burke, L.B.; Powers, J.H.; Scott, J.A.; Rock, E.P.; Dawisha, S.; O’Neill, R.; Kennedy, D.L. Patient-Reported Outcomes to Support Medical Product Labeling Claims: FDA Perspective. Value Health 2007, 10, S125–S137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Timmins, N. NHS Goes to the PROMS. BMJ 2008, 336, 1464–1465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thorborg, K.; Roos, E.; Bartels, E.; Petersen, J.; Holmich, P. Validity, Reliability and Responsiveness of Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires When Assessing Hip and Groin Disability: A Systematic Review. Br. J. Sports Med. 2010, 44, 1186–1196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thorborg, K.; Holmich, P.; Christensen, R.; Petersen, J.; Roos, E.M. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS): Development and Validation According to the COSMIN Checklist. Br. J. Sports Med. 2011, 45, 478–491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bourne, M.N.; Williams, M.; Jackson, J.; Williams, K.L.; Timmins, R.G.; Pizzari, T. Preseason Hip/Groin Strength and HAGOS Scores Are Associated with Subsequent Injury in Professional Male Soccer Players. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2020, 50, 234–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Langhout, R.; Weir, A.; Litjes, W.; Gozeling, M.; Stubbe, J.H.; Kerkhoffs, G.; Tak, I. Hip and Groin Injury Is the Most Common Non-Time-Loss Injury in Female Amateur Football. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2019, 27, 3133–3141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Klij, P.; Langhout, R.; Van Beijsterveldt, A.M.C.; Stubbe, J.H.; Weir, A.; Agricola, R.; Fokker, Y.; Mosler, A.B.; Waarsing, J.H.; Verhaar, J.; et al. Do Hip and Groin Muscle Strength and Symptoms Change throughout a Football Season in Professional Male Football Players? A Prospective Cohort Study with Repeated Measures. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2021, 24, 1123–1129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brans, E.; De Graaf, J.S.; Munzebrock, A.V.E.; Bessem, B.; Reininga, I.H.F. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Dutch Version of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS-NL). PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0148119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thomeé, R.; Jónasson, P.; Thorborg, K.; Sansone, M.; Ahldén, M.; Thomeé, C.; Karlsson, J.; Baranto, A. Cross-Cultural Adaptation to Swedish and Validation of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) for Pain, Symptoms and Physical Function in Patients with Hip and Groin Disability Due to Femoro-Acetabular Impingement. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2014, 22, 835–842. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Negrau, A.E.; Roccia, L.; Romanini, E.; Magaletti, M.; Berardi, A.; Servadio, A.; Mollica, R.; Tofani, M.; Valente, D.; Galeoto, G. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score. Minerva Orthop. 2020, 71, 98–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bisciotti Gian, N.; Corradini, B.; Di Marzio, F. La validazione del copenhagen hip and groin outcome score (hagos) in lingua italiana nell’ambito del calcio. J. Sport Traumatol. 2014, 126–134. [Google Scholar]
- Beaton, D.E.; Bombardier, C.; Guillemin, F.; Ferraz, M.B. Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. Spine 2000, 25, 3186–3191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Birrell, F. Defining Hip Pain for Population Studies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2005, 64, 95–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sangha, O.; Stucki, G.; Liang, M.H.; Fossel, A.H.; Katz, J.N. The Self-administered Comorbidity Questionnaire: A New Method to Assess Comorbidity for Clinical and Health Services Research. Arthritis Rheum. 2003, 49, 156–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Weir, A.; Brukner, P.; Delahunt, E.; Ekstrand, J.; Griffin, D.; Khan, K.M.; Lovell, G.; Meyers, W.C.; Muschaweck, U.; Orchard, J.; et al. Doha Agreement Meeting on Terminology and Definitions in Groin Pain in Athletes. Br. J. Sports Med. 2015, 49, 768–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mokkink, L.B.; Terwee, C.B.; Patrick, D.L.; Alonso, J.; Stratford, P.W.; Knol, D.L.; Bouter, L.M.; De Vet, H.C.W. The COSMIN Checklist for Assessing the Methodological Quality of Studies on Measurement Properties of Health Status Measurement Instruments: An International Delphi Study. Qual. Life Res. 2010, 19, 539–549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cacchio, A.; De Blasis, E.; Necozione, S.; Rosa, F.; Riddle, D.L.; Di Orio, F.; De Blasis, D.; Santilli, V. The Italian Version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale Was Reliable, Valid, and Responsive. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2010, 63, 550–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martinelli, N.; Longo, U.G.; Marinozzi, A.; Franceschetti, E.; Costa, V.; Denaro, V. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation with Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Italian Version of the Oxford Hip Score in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis. Qual. Life Res. 2011, 20, 923–929. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Apolone, G.; Mosconi, P. The Italian SF-36 Health Survey: Translation, Validation and Norming. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1998, 51, 1025–1036. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koo, T.K.; Li, M.Y. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J. Chiropr. Med. 2016, 15, 155–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Streiner, D.L.; Norman, G.R. Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2008; ISBN 978-0-19-923188-1. [Google Scholar]
- Terwee, C.B.; Bot, S.D.M.; De Boer, M.R.; Van Der Windt, D.A.W.M.; Knol, D.L.; Dekker, J.; Bouter, L.M.; De Vet, H.C.W. Quality Criteria Were Proposed for Measurement Properties of Health Status Questionnaires. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2007, 60, 34–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Weir, J.P. Quantifying Test-Retest Reliability Using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and the SEM. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2005, 19, 231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Holmich, P.; Renstrom, P.A. Long-Standing Groin Pain in Sportspeople Falls into Three Primary Patterns, a “Clinical Entity” Approach: A Prospective Study of 207 Patients * COMMENTARY. Br. J. Sports Med. 2007, 41, 247–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Serner, A.; Reboul, G.; Lichau, O.; Weir, A.; Heijboer, W.; Vuckovic, Z.; Boudreau, S.A. Digital Body Mapping of Pain Quality and Distribution in Athletes with Longstanding Groin Pain. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 9789. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deboer, M.; Devet, H.; Terwee, C.; Moll, A.; Volkerdieben, H.; Vanrens, G. Changes to the Subscales of Two Vision-Related Quality of Life Questionnaires Are Proposed. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2005, 58, 1260–1268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Quintana, J.M.; Escobar, A.; Bilbao, A.; Arostegui, I.; Lafuente, I.; Vidaurreta, I. Responsiveness and Clinically Important Differences for the WOMAC and SF-36 after Hip Joint Replacement. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2005, 13, 1076–1083. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Baseline Data Patients | Test–Retest Reliability Study (Media) [dev. Standard] | |
---|---|---|
Patient | 81 (66m, 15f) | 29 (25m, 4f) |
Age | (28.19) [6.17] | (27.97) [6.18] |
Adductor-related GP | 32 (39.5%) | 13 (44.83%) |
Ileopsoas-related GP | 9 (11.10%) | 4 (13.8%) |
Inguinal-related GP | 15 (18.50%) | 4 (13.8%) |
Pubic-related GP | 5 (6.20%) | 1 (3.43%) |
Hip-related GP | 20 (24.7%) | 7 (24.14%) |
>6 w symptoms | 16 (19.75%) | 3 (10.34%) |
>12 w symptoms | 12 (14.80%) | 4 (13.8%) |
>6 w symptoms | 22 (27.15%) | 9 (31%) |
>12 w symptoms | 31 (38.3%) | 13 (44.86%) |
Drugs (paracetamol and NSAIDs) | 23 (28.4%) | 10 (34.49%) |
Drugs(opioids) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (3.43%) |
No drugs | 57 (70.4%) | 18 (62.08%) |
PA > 2.5 h/week | 29 (35.80%) | 13 (44.86%) |
PA > 5 h/week | 34 (42%) | 9 (31%) |
PA > 10 h/week | 18 (22.20%) | 7 (24.14%) |
Validity Study (Media) [dev. Standard] | Test Reliability Study (Media) [dev. Standard] | |
---|---|---|
Patients | 81 | 29 |
HAGOS subscale Symptoms | 62.08 (13.36) | 61.82 (13.77) |
HAGOS subscale Pain | 73.36 (14.64) | 73.19 (16) |
HAGOS subscale ADL | 78.09 (16.69) | 76.90 (18.77) |
HAGOS subscale Sport/Rec | 60.07 (18.53) | 60.78 (20.60) |
HAGOS subscale PA | 45.22 (30.59) | 55.60 (29.99) |
HAGOS subscale Qol | 46.05 (19.60) | 48.28 (20.01) |
HAGOS S | HAGOS P | HAGOS PA | HAGOS Sport/Rec | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SF36 PF | 0.410 * | 0.599 * | 0.598 * | 0.683 * |
<0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
SF36 BP | 0.340 * | 0.512 * | 0.395 * | 0.545 * |
0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
OHS | 0.511 * | 0.606 * | 0.518 * | 0.462 * |
<0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
LEFS | 0.447 * | 0.658 * | 0.681 * | 0.639 * |
Number of Items | Cronbach Alpha Values | ICC | CI ICC | SEM | MDC Individual | MDC Group | Floor Effect. (%) (n.81) | Ceiling Effects (%) (n.81) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HAGOS subscale Symptoms | 7 | 0.63 | 0.57 | (0.27–0.77) | 8.96 | 24.83 | 4.61 | 0 | 0 |
HAGOS subscale Pain | 10 | 0.82 | 0.83 | (0.67–0.91) | 2.67 | 7.40 | 1.37 | 0 | 2 (2.46) |
HAGOS subscale ADL | 5 | 0.80 | 0.84 | (0.68–0.91) | 7.19 | 19.93 | 3.70 | 0 | 8 (9.87) |
HAGOS subscale Sport/Rec | 8 | 0.87 | 0.84 | (0.68–0.92) | 8.72 | 24.17 | 4.49 | 1 (1.23) | 0 |
HAGOS subscale PA | 2 | 0.87 | 0.86 | (0.72–0.93) | 12.21 | 33.84 | 6.28 | 13 (16.05) | 5 (6.17) |
HAGOS subscale Qol | 5 | 0.80 | 0.71 | (0.45–0.86) | 11.44 | 31.71 | 5.89 | 2 (2.46) | 0 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ricci, A.; Rossi, A.; Zitti, M. The Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score Questionnaire for a Young and Active Population. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171755
Ricci A, Rossi A, Zitti M. The Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score Questionnaire for a Young and Active Population. Healthcare. 2024; 12(17):1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171755
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicci, Andrea, Alex Rossi, and Mirko Zitti. 2024. "The Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score Questionnaire for a Young and Active Population" Healthcare 12, no. 17: 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171755