The Public Servants’ Response When Facing Pandemic: The Role of Public Service Motivation, Accountability Pressure, and Emergency Response Capacity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Conceptual Model and Hypotheses
2.1. Public Service Motivation
2.2. Accountability Pressure
2.3. Emergency Response Capability
2.4. Control Variables
3. Methods
3.1. Ethical Consideration
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Definition and Measurement of Explanatory Variables
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Information
4.2. Overall Effect and Stratification Difference
4.3. Factors Influencing Pandemic Prevention Performance in Different Job Categories
5. Discussion
5.1. The Factors Contributing to Public Servants’ Response
5.2. Policy Recommendations for the Government
5.3. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Indicator | Variable Description |
---|---|---|
PSR | “As long as the superior issues a prevention and control task, I can deploy and implement the prevention and control work vigorously” | (1) Strongly disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) It does not matter, (4) Agree, (5) Strongly agree |
“My execution ability is very strong, and I can effectively implement and execute superior prevention and control instructions” | ||
“Without the urging of the superior, I can still actively complete the prevention and control tasks assigned by the superior” | ||
PSM | “I think participation in public service is the duty of every citizen” | (1) Strongly disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) It does not matter, (4) Agree, (5) Strongly agree |
“It’s important for me to serve the public” | ||
“I am willing to make great sacrifices for the overall interests of society” | ||
AP | “I strictly abide by laws, rules, and procedures to carry out my work” | (1) Strongly disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) It does not matter, (4) Agree, (5) Strongly agree |
“I strictly implement the principles and methods of higher authorities’ instructions” | ||
“In response to this epidemic, we attach great importance to publicity work for the media and society” | ||
ERC | “No matter how much disaster information I receive, I can grasp the key information points” | (1) Strongly disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) It does not matter, (4) Agree, (5) Strongly agree |
“Even if I haven’t got enough information, I can make quick response decisions” | ||
“When I receive the arrangements for epidemic prevention and control, I can quickly put aside my work or life arrangements to respond” | ||
Gender | “What is your gender?” | (1) Male, (2) Female |
Age | “How old are you?” | (1) 20–30, (2) 31–40, (3) 41–50,(4) Older than 50 |
Education | “What is your highest education level (including your current level of study)?” | (1) High school, (2) College, (3) Undergraduate, (4) Graduate and above |
Poc | “Are you a party member?” | (1) Yes, (2) No |
Adlevel | “What is your administrative level?” | (1) Administrative level, (2) County level, (3) Township level, (4) Staff member, (5) Clerk |
Leader | “Are you in a leading position?” | (1) Yes, (2) No |
Length | “How long have you worked?” | (1) 1–5, (2) 6–10, (3) 11–15, (4) 16–20, (5) More than 20 years |
Job category | “What is your job category?” | (1) Integrated management, (2) Administrative law enforcement, (3) Professional technology, (4) Other |
Variable | Categories | Mean ± SD/Total No. | Range/Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Males | 650 | 50.27% |
Females | 643 | 49.73% | |
Age | 20–30 | 593 | 45.86% |
31–40 | 511 | 39.52% | |
41–50 | 149 | 11.52% | |
Older than 50 | 40 | 3.09% | |
Education | High school | 1 | 0.08% |
College | 22 | 1.70% | |
Undergraduate | 455 | 35.19% | |
Graduate and above | 815 | 63.03% | |
Poc | Party member | 995 | 76.95% |
Non-party member | 298 | 23.05% | |
Adlevel | Administrative level | 10 | 0.77% |
County level | 144 | 11.14% | |
Township level | 357 | 27.61% | |
Staff member | 647 | 50.04% | |
Clerk | 135 | 10.44% | |
Leader | Leader | 275 | 21.27% |
Non-leader | 1018 | 78.73% | |
Length | 1–5 | 428 | 33.10% |
6–10 | 469 | 36.27% | |
11–15 | 182 | 14.08% | |
16–20 | 75 | 5.80% | |
More than 20 years | 139 | 10.75% | |
Job category | Integrated management | 851 | 65.82% |
Administrative law enforcement | 214 | 16.55% | |
professional technology | 208 | 16.08% | |
Other | 20 | 1.55% | |
PSR | - | 10.60 ± 3.214 | [3,15] |
PSM | - | 13.56 ± 1.469 | [3,15] |
AP | - | 13.42 ± 1.509 | [3,15] |
ERC | - | 12.14 ± 1.871 | [3,15] |
Variables | PSR | PSM | AP | ERC | Gender | Age | Education | Poc | Adlevel | Leader | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSR | 1 | ||||||||||
PSM | 0.193 *** | 1 | |||||||||
AP | 0.203 *** | 0.425 *** | 1 | ||||||||
ERC | 0.176 *** | 0.411 *** | 0.382 *** | 1 | |||||||
Gender | −0.023 | −0.097 *** | −0.048 * | −0.135 *** | 1 | ||||||
Age | 0.057 ** | 0.139 *** | 0.083 *** | 0.240 *** | −0.212 *** | 1 | |||||
Education | −0.037 | −0.061 ** | −0.018 | −0.103 *** | 0.002 | −0.094 *** | 1 | ||||
Poc | −0.062 ** | −0.067 ** | −0.035 | −0.053 * | 0.120 *** | −0.180 *** | −0.155 *** | 1 | |||
Adlevel | −0.092 *** | −0.105 *** | −0.046 * | −0.179 *** | 0.247 *** | −0.468 *** | −0.041 | 0.228 *** | 1 | ||
Leader | −0.086 *** | −0.046 * | −0.028 | −0.115 *** | 0.192 *** | −0.417 *** | −0.053 * | 0.208 *** | 0.559 *** | 1 | |
Length | 0.073 *** | −0.184 *** | 0.122 *** | 0.231 *** | −0.231 *** | 0.828 *** | −0.082 *** | −0.230 *** | −0.510 *** | −0.470 *** | 1 |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
PSR | PSR | PSR | PSR | |
Gender | 0.364 * | 0.434 ** | 0.435 ** | 0.462 ** |
1.930 | 2.330 | 2.360 | 2.510 | |
Age | −0.094 | −0.055 | −0.035 | −0.086 |
−0.440 | −0.250 | −0.160 | −0.380 | |
Education | −0.296 * | −0.237 | −0.249 | −0.214 |
−1.720 | −1.390 | −1.450 | −1.260 | |
Poc | −0.363 | −0.315 | −0.318 | −0.322 |
−1.610 | −1.440 | −1.470 | −1.490 | |
Adlevel | −0.239 * | −0.211 | −0.224 * | −0.202 |
−1.760 | −1.570 | −1.700 | −1.520 | |
Leader | −0.366 | −0.470 * | −0.477 * | −0.477 * |
−1.330 | −1.730 | −1.760 | −1.770 | |
Length | 0.093 | −0.009 | −0.042 | −0.035 |
0.680 | −0.060 | −0.290 | −0.240 | |
PSM | 0.412 *** | 0.277 *** | 0.230 *** | |
6.830 | 4.320 | 3.310 | ||
AP | 0.315 *** | 0.273 *** | ||
4.700 | 3.870 | |||
ERC | 0.135 ** | |||
2.160 | ||||
Constant | 13.034 *** | 7.322 *** | 5.066 *** | 4.454 *** |
12.320 | 5.560 | 3.460 | 3.050 | |
Observations | 1293 | 1293 | 1293 | 1293 |
R-squared | 0.017 | 0.051 | 0.069 | 0.074 |
adj_R2 | 0.066 | 0.066 | 0.066 | 0.066 |
F | 9.129 | 9.129 | 9.129 | 9.129 |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IVQR_10 | IVQR_25 | IVQR_50 | IVQR_75 | IVQR_90 | |
PSM | −0.040 | 0.341 * | 0.330 *** | 0.236 *** | 0.208 * |
−0.280 | 2.560 | 3.970 | 3.510 | 2.230 | |
AP | 0.093 | 0.208 | 0.366 *** | 0.533 *** | 0.351 *** |
0.690 | 1.630 | 4.620 | 8.280 | 3.920 | |
ERC | −0.356 | 0.052 | 0.194 ** | 0.206 *** | 0.119 * |
−0.320 | 0.500 | 2.980 | 3.900 | 1.620 | |
Gender | −0.049 | 0.243 | 0.634 ** | 0.548 ** | 0.286 |
−0.130 | 0.690 | 2.900 | 3.090 | 1.160 | |
Age | −0.409 | −0.549 | 0.285 | 0.347 | 0.333 |
−1.00 | −1.420 | 1.180 | 1.780 | 1.230 | |
Education | −0.111 | −0.243 | −0.087 | −0.050 | −0.066 |
−0.320 | −0.740 | −0.430 | −0.300 | −0.280 | |
Poc | −0.640 | −0.520 | −0.690 ** | −0.286 | −0.137 |
−1.430 | −1.240 | −2.630 | −1.350 | −0.460 | |
Adlevel | −0.587 * | −0.156 | −0.234 | 0.035 | 0.024 |
−2.140 | −0.600 | −1.430 | 0.270 | 0.130 | |
Leader | 0.458 | −0.751 | −0.558 | −0.729 ** | −0.387 |
0.840 | −1.460 | −1.740 | −2.800 | −1.070 | |
Length | 0.098 * | 0.069 | −0.242 | −0.181 | −0.185 |
0.370 | 0.280 | −1.550 | −1.430 | −1.050 | |
_cons | 8.618 ** | 4.665 | 1.507 | 0.789 | 5.649 ** |
2.940 | 1.690 | 0.880 | 0.570 | 2.920 |
Variables | Integrated Management | Administrative Law Enforcement | Professional Technology | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|
PSM | 0.108 | 0.172 | 0.627 *** | −1.184 |
1.240 | 1.100 | 3.880 | −1.090 | |
AP | 0.203 * | 0.315 * | 0.434 ** | 0.511 |
2.400 | 2.110 | 2.820 | 0.740 | |
ERC | 0.193 ** | 0.299 * | −0.007 | 0.836 |
2.760 | 2.310 | −0.060 | 1.070 | |
Gender | 0.799 *** | −0.620 | −0.333 | −0210 |
3.500 | −0.140 | −0.770 | −0.110 | |
Age | 0.196 | −0.102 | −0.623 | −2.303 |
0.780 | −0.210 | −1.430 | −0.820 | |
Education | −0.060 | −0.858 * | −0.229 | −1.824 |
−0.280 | −2.210 | −0.530 | −0.850 | |
Poc | 0.101 | −1.025 * | −0.102 | −1.334 |
0.360 | −1.980 | −0.220 | 0.420 | |
Adlevel | −0.106 | 0.031 | −0.301 | −0.951 |
−0.590 | 0.100 | −1.120 | −0.630 | |
Leader | −0.948 ** | 0.843 | 1.034 | −1.807 |
−2.970 | 1.330 | 1.410 | −0.400 | |
Length | −0.112 | 0.328 | 0.053 | 1.081 |
−0.680 | 1.010 | 0.190 | 0.620 | |
Constant | 5.706 ** | 2.808 | 5.066 *** | 26.753 |
2.800 | 0.850 | 3.460 | 1.620 | |
Observations | 851 | 214 | 208 | 20 |
R-squared | 0.065 | 0.166 | 0.214 | 0.417 |
adj_R2 | 0.054 | 0.124 | 0.174 | −0.232 |
F | 5.880 | 4.030 | 5.360 | 0.640 |
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Ye, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X. The Public Servants’ Response When Facing Pandemic: The Role of Public Service Motivation, Accountability Pressure, and Emergency Response Capacity. Healthcare 2021, 9, 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050529
Ye Y, Liu Y, Zhang X. The Public Servants’ Response When Facing Pandemic: The Role of Public Service Motivation, Accountability Pressure, and Emergency Response Capacity. Healthcare. 2021; 9(5):529. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050529
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Yong, Yang Liu, and Xiaojun Zhang. 2021. "The Public Servants’ Response When Facing Pandemic: The Role of Public Service Motivation, Accountability Pressure, and Emergency Response Capacity" Healthcare 9, no. 5: 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050529