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Volume 11
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10.3390/biomedicines11092562
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Systematic Review

Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review

by
Annalaura Manes
1,
Tiziana Di Renzo
2,
Loreta Dodani
1,
Anna Reale
2,
Claudia Gautiero
3,
Mariastella Di Lauro
3,
Gilda Nasti
3,
Federica Manco
1,
Espedita Muscariello
4,
Bruna Guida
3,
Giovanni Tarantino
5 and
Mauro Cataldi
1,*
1
Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
2
Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
3
Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, 80059 Naples, Italy
5
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2562; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092562
Submission received: 29 August 2023 / Revised: 13 September 2023 / Accepted: 14 September 2023 / Published: 18 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pharmacomicrobiomics)
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Abstract

The clinical response to classical immunosuppressant drugs (cIMDs) is highly variable among individuals. We performed a systematic review of published evidence supporting the hypothesis that gut microorganisms may contribute to this variability by affecting cIMD pharmacokinetics, efficacy or tolerability. The evidence that these drugs affect the composition of intestinal microbiota was also reviewed. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched using specific keywords without limits of species (human or animal) or time from publication. One thousand and fifty five published papers were retrieved in the initial database search. After screening, 50 papers were selected to be reviewed. Potential effects on cIMD pharmacokinetics, efficacy or tolerability were observed in 17/20 papers evaluating this issue, in particular with tacrolimus, cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids, whereas evidence was missing for everolimus and sirolimus. Only one of the papers investigating the effect of cIMDs on the gut microbiota reported negative results while all the others showed significant changes in the relative abundance of specific intestinal bacteria. However, no unique pattern of microbiota modification was observed across the different studies. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota could contribute to the variability in the response to some cIMDs, whereas data are still missing for others.
Keywords: corticosteroids; cyclosporine; everolimus; microbiota; methylprednisolone; mycophenolic acid; prednisolone; prednisone; sirolimus; tacrolimus corticosteroids; cyclosporine; everolimus; microbiota; methylprednisolone; mycophenolic acid; prednisolone; prednisone; sirolimus; tacrolimus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Manes, A.; Di Renzo, T.; Dodani, L.; Reale, A.; Gautiero, C.; Di Lauro, M.; Nasti, G.; Manco, F.; Muscariello, E.; Guida, B.; et al. Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092562

AMA Style

Manes A, Di Renzo T, Dodani L, Reale A, Gautiero C, Di Lauro M, Nasti G, Manco F, Muscariello E, Guida B, et al. Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(9):2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092562

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manes, Annalaura, Tiziana Di Renzo, Loreta Dodani, Anna Reale, Claudia Gautiero, Mariastella Di Lauro, Gilda Nasti, Federica Manco, Espedita Muscariello, Bruna Guida, and et al. 2023. "Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review" Biomedicines 11, no. 9: 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092562

APA Style

Manes, A., Di Renzo, T., Dodani, L., Reale, A., Gautiero, C., Di Lauro, M., Nasti, G., Manco, F., Muscariello, E., Guida, B., Tarantino, G., & Cataldi, M. (2023). Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines, 11(9), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092562

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