Metabolic Changes Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Description of Study Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters over Time
3.2. Increase in Self-Reported Level of Physical Activity Intensity, According to IPAQ 2002
3.3. Correlations between Appetite-Related Hormones and Weight-Related Parameters over Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Baseline Values |
---|---|
Age (Years) | 60 ± 7.6 |
Sex (Men/Women) n (%) | 19/13 (59%) |
Duration of DM (years) | 5 (2; 10) |
Arterial Hypertension (Yes/No) n (%) | 23/9 (72%) |
Cigarettes/Day | 28 (20; 40) |
Pack/Years | 50 (40; 68) |
FTND score | 9 (8; 10) |
Weight (kg) | 86.8 ± 17 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 6 |
WHR (Ratio) | 0.98 ± 0.1 |
SBP (mmHg) | 123 ± 14 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76 ± 9.3 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.0 (5.7; 6.8) |
GFR (mL/min) | 87.7 ± 19.7 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.7) |
T3 (ng/dL) | 112 (96; 145) |
FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.3 (1.2; 1.4) |
TSH (μU/mL) | 1.3 (1.1; 2.1) |
RMR (kcal/day) | 1441 ± 308 |
CO (ppm) | 12 (8; 17) |
Variables | Baseline (0) | 2.5 Months | 4 Months | p-Values 0 vs. 2.5 | p-Values 0 vs. 4 | p-Values 2.5 vs. 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 86.8 ± 17 | 87.7 ± 17 | 88.4 ± 17 | 0.155 * | 0.061 * | 0.182 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 6 | 30.4 ± 6 | 30.6 ± 5.5 | 0.149 * | 0.074 * | 0.235 * |
WC (cm) | 104.5 ± 12.6 | 104.6 ± 11.5 | 104.1 ± 12 | 0.916 * | 0.690 * | 0.389 * |
HC (cm) | 106.9 ± 9.7 | 108.1 ±1 0.7 | 107.7 ± 11.6 | 0.082 * | 0.339 * | 0.404 * |
WHR (Ratio) | 0.98 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.292 * | 0.259 * | 0.965 * |
SBP (mmHg) | 123 ± 14 | 123 ± 13 | 123 ± 14 | 0.916 * | 0.905 * | 0.987 * |
DBP (mmHg) | 76 ± 9.3 | 74.7 ± 8.8 | 75.4 ± 7.1 | 0.431 * | 0.595 * | 0.549 * |
RMR (kcal/day) | 1441 ± 308 | 1453 ± 276 | 1441 ± 276 | 0.951 * | 0.920 * | 0.940 * |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 107 (94; 129) | 115 (99; 136) | 116 (92; 145) | 0.416 ** | 0.137 ** | 0.190 ** |
HbA1c (%) | 6.0 (5.7; 6.8) | 6.3 (5.7; 6.9) | 6.4 (5.7; 6.8) | 0.470 ** | 0.382 ** | 0.273 ** |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.7) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.5) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.6) | 0.031 ** | 0.546 ** | 0.052 ** |
CHOL (mg/dL) | 168 (146; 193) | 147 (135; 173) | 156 (143; 177) | 0.001 ** | 0.013 ** | 0.270 ** |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 96 (73; 120) | 71 (57; 97) | 83 (68; 95) | 0.000 ** | 0.013 ** | 0.103 ** |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 44 (36; 49) | 45 (40; 51) | 44 (40; 52) | 0.042 ** | 0.190 ** | 0.588 ** |
TG (mg/dL) | 143 (107; 204) | 124 (98; 194) | 125 (100; 187) | 0.379 ** | 0.235 ** | 0.697 ** |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 11 (5.4; 33.7) | 17 (7.6; 39.4) | 13.8 (7.5; 44) | 0.015 ** | 0.004 ** | 0.127 ** |
GLP-1 (pM) | 39.6 (27.7; 58.5) | 41.8 (29.3; 70.7) | 45.8 (31.1; 69.1) | 0.021 ** | 0.016 ** | 0.804 ** |
Ghrelin (pg/mL) | 522 (403; 730) | 503 (368; 608) | 513 (378; 656) | 0.270 ** | 0.432 ** | 0.754 ** |
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 5617 (3103; 6999) | 5359 (2414; 7195) | 5057 (2690; 7020) | 0.096 ** | 0.340 ** | 0.974 ** |
Resistin (ng/mL) | 31.5 (23.3; 41.3) | 28.6 (20.7; 37.9) | 28.6 (20.5; 37.9) | 0.265 ** | 0.127 ** | 0.754 ** |
PYY (pg/mL) | 136 (89; 170) | 140 (98; 170) | 134 (94; 168) | 0.231 ** | 0.360 ** | 0.905 ** |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 8.2 (5.8; 21.3) | 12.6 (7.6; 25.4) | 11 (7.2; 20) | 0.177 ** | 0.652 ** | 0.316 ** |
HOMA-IR | 2.67 (1.82; 5.57) | 3.26 (2.01; 7.78) | 3.46 (2.03; 6.65) | 0.131 ** | 0.281 ** | 0.785 ** |
CO (ppm) | 12 (8; 17) | 3 (1; 3) | 2 (1; 3) | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.437 ** |
Variables | Baseline (0) | 2.5 Months | 4 Months | p-Values 0 vs. 2.5 | p-Values 0 vs. 4 | p-Values 2.5 vs. 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MET-min/week | 537 (264; 1930) | 701 (346; 2633) | 1182 (485; 1903) | 0.041 * | 0.016 * | 0.653 * |
Variable Changes | Leptin | GLP-1 | Ghrelin | Adiponectin | Resistin | PYY | HOMA-IR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight | 0.44 * | −0.10 | −0.40 * | −0.29 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
BMI | 0.47 ** | −0.11 | −0.38 * | −0.29 | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
WC | 0.45 * | −0.29 | −0.29 | −0.07 | 0.22 | 0.30 | −0.02 |
RMR | 0.27 | 0.10 | −0.02 | −0.20 | −0.07 | −0.16 | −0.16 |
CHOL | 0.08 | −0.35 * | −0.54 ** | −0.12 | −0.06 | −0.43 * | 0.11 |
LDL-C | 0.02 | −0.41 * | −0.39 * | −0.17 | −0.04 | −0.37 * | 0.08 |
HDL-C | −0.08 | 0.19 | −0.07 | 0.49 ** | −0.05 | −0.24 | 0.11 |
TG | −0.13 | 0.07 | −0.49 ** | −0.29 | 0.13 | −0.18 | 0.17 |
MET-min/week | −0.33 | −0.18 | 0.34 | −0.26 | −0.15 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
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Driva, S.; Korkontzelou, A.; Tonstad, S.; Tentolouris, N.; Litsiou, E.; Vasileiou, V.; Vassiliou, A.G.; Saltagianni, V.; Katsaounou, P. Metabolic Changes Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1882. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081882
Driva S, Korkontzelou A, Tonstad S, Tentolouris N, Litsiou E, Vasileiou V, Vassiliou AG, Saltagianni V, Katsaounou P. Metabolic Changes Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(8):1882. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081882
Chicago/Turabian StyleDriva, Stamatina, Aliki Korkontzelou, Serena Tonstad, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Eleni Litsiou, Vasiliki Vasileiou, Alice G. Vassiliou, Vassiliki Saltagianni, and Paraskevi Katsaounou. 2024. "Metabolic Changes Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" Biomedicines 12, no. 8: 1882. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081882