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Biomedicines
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/biomedicines12092081
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Article

Enhanced Cognition and Modulation of Brain Connectivity in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: The Promise of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation

by
Heidi Ka-Ying Lo
1,
Tommy Kwan-Hin Fong
1,
Teris Cheung
2,
Sze-Ting Joanna Ngan
1,
Wai-Yan Vivian Lui
1,
Wai-Chi Chan
1,
Corine Sau-Man Wong
3,
Teenie Kwan-Tung Wong
1 and
Calvin Pak-Wing Cheng
1,*,†
1
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
2
School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
3
Division of Community Medicine and Public Health Practice, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, 2/F New Clinical Building, Hong Kong, China.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(9), 2081; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092081
Submission received: 6 August 2024 / Revised: 26 August 2024 / Accepted: 4 September 2024 / Published: 12 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Collection Neurodegeneration No More: Cutting-Edge Technologies and Therapies in the Evolution of Neurodegenerative Disease Management)
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Abstract

Existing pharmacological treatments for mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD) offer limited effectiveness and adverse side effects. Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) utilizing ultrashort ultrasound pulses reaches deep brain regions and may circumvent conductivity issues associated with brain stimulation. This study addresses the gap in TPS research for mild NCD during a critical intervention period before irreversible cognitive degradation. Our objective was to explore the effectiveness and tolerability of TPS in older adults with mild NCD. In an open-label study, 17 older adults (including 10 females and 7 males) with mild NCD underwent TPS for two weeks with three sessions per week. Cognitive evaluations and fMRI scans were conducted pre- and post-intervention. The results indicated changes in functional connectivity in key brain regions, correlating with cognitive improvement at B = 0.087 (CI, 0.007–0.167; p = 0.038). However, cortical thickness measurements showed no significant differences. Here we show that TPS can enhance cognitive function within mild NCD. This proof-of-concept study suggests that TPS has potential as a non-invasive therapy used to attenuate cognitive decline, encouraging further investigation in larger randomized trials. The findings could influence clinical practice by introducing TPS as an adjunctive treatment option and potentially impact policy by promoting its inclusion in new treatment strategies for mild NCD.
Keywords: neurocognitive disorder (NCD); non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS); transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS); ultrashort ultrasound pulses; functional connectivity (FC); brain connectivity; neurocognitive performance; mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD); fMRI; default mode network (DMN) neurocognitive disorder (NCD); non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS); transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS); ultrashort ultrasound pulses; functional connectivity (FC); brain connectivity; neurocognitive performance; mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD); fMRI; default mode network (DMN)
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lo, H.K.-Y.; Fong, T.K.-H.; Cheung, T.; Ngan, S.-T.J.; Lui, W.-Y.V.; Chan, W.-C.; Wong, C.S.-M.; Wong, T.K.-T.; Cheng, C.P.-W. Enhanced Cognition and Modulation of Brain Connectivity in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: The Promise of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092081

AMA Style

Lo HK-Y, Fong TK-H, Cheung T, Ngan S-TJ, Lui W-YV, Chan W-C, Wong CS-M, Wong TK-T, Cheng CP-W. Enhanced Cognition and Modulation of Brain Connectivity in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: The Promise of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(9):2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lo, Heidi Ka-Ying, Tommy Kwan-Hin Fong, Teris Cheung, Sze-Ting Joanna Ngan, Wai-Yan Vivian Lui, Wai-Chi Chan, Corine Sau-Man Wong, Teenie Kwan-Tung Wong, and Calvin Pak-Wing Cheng. 2024. "Enhanced Cognition and Modulation of Brain Connectivity in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: The Promise of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation" Biomedicines 12, no. 9: 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092081

APA Style

Lo, H. K.-Y., Fong, T. K.-H., Cheung, T., Ngan, S.-T. J., Lui, W.-Y. V., Chan, W.-C., Wong, C. S.-M., Wong, T. K.-T., & Cheng, C. P.-W. (2024). Enhanced Cognition and Modulation of Brain Connectivity in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: The Promise of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation. Biomedicines, 12(9), 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092081

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