T-Cadherin and the Ratio of Its Ligands as Predictors of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Eligibility Criteria
- Total cholesterol level >8 mmol/L (>310 mg/dL) or blood pressure >180/110 mm Hg
- Diabetes
- Established familial hypercholesterolemia
- The level of triglycerides is more than 5.7 mmol/L
- Established systemic inflammatory diseases
- Malignant neoplasm, or another disease (not related to the heart), limiting life expectancy to <three years
- Current abuse of alcohol and/or psychoactive drugs
- Established liver failure (total bilirubin >3 mg/dl) or a history of cirrhosis with signs of portal hypertension
- Pregnancy, lactation
2.2. Ultrasonography
2.3. Laboratory Tests
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Subjects
3.2. Correlations between Laboratory Data and Carotid IMT
3.3. Association between Laboratory Data and the Presence of Arterial Hypertension (AH)
3.4. CDH13 SNP Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
ApoB | HMW Adn 1 | LDL | Adn/ApoB Molar Ratio | Adn/LDL Molar Ratio | T-cad | Carotid IMT, Right | Carotid IMT, Left | Carotid IMT, Max. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ApoB | −0.277 | 0.805 * | −0.534 * | −0.468 * | −0.098 | −0.058 | −0.025 | −0.140 | |
HMW Adn | −0.277 | −0.145 | 0.945 * | 0.944 * | 0.303 | −0.075 | −0.145 | −0.104 | |
LDL | 0.805 * | −0.145 | −0.332 | −0.395 * | 0.187 | 0.146 | 0.114 | 0.022 | |
Adn/ApoB molar ratio | −0.534 * | 0.945 * | −0.332 | 0.963 * | 0.322 | −0.046 | −0.112 | −0.046 | |
Adn/LDL molar ratio | −0.468 * | 0.944 * | −0.395 * | 0.963 * | 0.232 | −0.097 | −0.101 | −0.058 | |
T-cad | −0.098 | 0.303 | 0.187 | 0.322 | 0.232 | 0.075 | 0.068 | −0.006 | |
Carotid IMT, right | −0.058 | −0.075 | 0.146 | −0.046 | −0.097 | 0.075 | 0.801 * | 0.936 * | |
Carotid IMT, left | −0.025 | −0.145 | 0.114 | −0.112 | −0.101 | 0.068 | 0.801 * | 0.899 * | |
Carotid IMT, max. | −0.140 | −0.104 | 0.022 | −0.046 | −0.058 | −0.006 | 0.936 * | 0.899 * |
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IMT ≤ 0.9 mm, n = 21 | IMT > 0.9 mm, n = 14 | p IMT ≤ 0.9 vs. IMT > 0.9 mm | AH, n = 18 | No AH, n = 17 | p AH vs. No AH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex Male, n (%) Female, n (%) | ||||||
6 (28.6) 15 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) 10 (71.40) | 0.703 | 5 (27. 8) 13 (72.2) | 5 (29.4) 12 (70.6) | 0.789 | |
Age, years | 54 (50; 59) | 52 (48; 60) | 0.661 | 51.5 (48; 60) | 55 (50; 59) | 0.437 |
Obesity, n (%) | 6 (28.6) | 4 (28.6) | 0.990 | 7 (38.9) | 3 (17.7) | 0.310 |
AH, n (%) | 12 (57.1) | 6 (42.9) | 0.629 | 18 (100) | 0 (0) | - |
IMT >0.9 mm, n (%) | 0 (0) | 14 (100) | - | 6 (33.3) | 8 (47.1) | 0.629 |
ApoB | HMW Adn | Adn/ApoB Molar Ratio | Adn/LDL Molar Ratio | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Carotid IMT, right | 0.308 | −0.828 * | −0.656 * | −0.779 * |
Carotid IMT, left | 0.080 | −0.722 * | −0.489 | −0.538 |
Carotid IMT, max. | 0.095 | −0.746 * | −0.502 | −0.575 |
BMI | 0.693 * | −0.612 | −0.721 * | −0.612 |
Model | Genotype | IMT ≤ 0.9 mm. n(%) | IMT > 0.9 mm. n(%) | OR (95% CI) | p | AIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codominant | T/T | 5 (23.8%) | 8 (57.1%) | 1.00 | 0.032 | 46.2 |
G/T | 12 (57.1%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.31 (0.07–1.38) | |||
G/G | 4 (19.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 (0.00–NA) | |||
Dominant | T/T | 5 (23.8%) | 8 (57.1%) | 1.00 | 0.045 | 47.1 |
G/T-G/G | 16 (76.2%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.23 (0.05–1.01) | |||
Recessive | T/T-G/T | 17 (81%) | 14 (100%) | 1.00 | 0.035 | 46.7 |
G/G | 4 (19.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 (0.00–NA) | |||
Overdominant | T/T-G/G | 9 (42.9%) | 8 (57.1%) | 1.00 | 0.41 | 50.4 |
G/T | 12 (57.1%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.56 (0.14–2.21) | |||
Log-additive | --- | --- | --- | 0.23 (0.06–0.84) | 0.015 | 45.1 |
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Balatskiy, A.; Teterina, M.; Pisaryuk, A.; Balabanenko, I.; Kadrev, A.; Tishuk, A.; Balatskaya, M.; Samokhodskaya, L.; Boytsov, S.; Kalinina, N.; et al. T-Cadherin and the Ratio of Its Ligands as Predictors of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101398
Balatskiy A, Teterina M, Pisaryuk A, Balabanenko I, Kadrev A, Tishuk A, Balatskaya M, Samokhodskaya L, Boytsov S, Kalinina N, et al. T-Cadherin and the Ratio of Its Ligands as Predictors of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(10):1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101398
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalatskiy, Alexander, Marina Teterina, Alexandra Pisaryuk, Irina Balabanenko, Alexey Kadrev, Anastasia Tishuk, Maria Balatskaya, Larisa Samokhodskaya, Sergey Boytsov, Natalia Kalinina, and et al. 2021. "T-Cadherin and the Ratio of Its Ligands as Predictors of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Pilot Study" Biomedicines 9, no. 10: 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101398