Children, Volume 11, Issue 12

Background: Recent studies indicate the need to examine how the gut microbiota–brain axis is implicated in pain, sensory reactivity and gastro-intestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no scale exists that assesses all these co...

Urinary tract dilations (UTDs) are the most frequent prenatal renal anomaly. The spectrum of etiologies causing UTD ranges from mild spontaneously resolving obstruction to severe upper and lower urinary tract obstruction or reflux. The early recognit...

Background/Objectives: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome, often referred to as PFAPA syndrome, may enigmatically recur for an undetermined time in affected children: a potential reason to explain its rec...

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of external (EXT) versus internal (INT) focus of attention on acquiring and transferring simple and complex motor skills in novice female volleyball players. Methods: Fifty-seven participants we...

Background/Objectives: In utero exposure to painkillers has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigates the association between in utero exposure to p...

Introduction and Aim: Propranolol is an effective treatment option for infantile hemangiomas, but there is still insufficient information about neurodevelopmental side effects of propranolol. In our study, the neurodevelopmental levels of infantile h...

Background/Objectives: Studies indicate a decline in children’s physical activity (PA) levels, active mobility, and psychomotor skills, reflected in poorer cycling abilities. These trends are worrying given the rising prevalence of childhood ob...

Background/Objectives: This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study explored adolescent understandings of kindness, and interconnections amongst Theory of Mind (ToM; ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others), kindness, compassion, and so...

This study systematically reviewed research on the use of digital game approaches for the prevention, assessment, and treatment of substance use and positive development in adolescents. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify and summariz...

Background: Cholelithiasis is a rare disease in infants, and there is limited data on its risk factors and management. Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors, management, and response to medical treatment of cholelithiasis in infants. Methods: Infa...

Background/Objectives: Parent–child attachment and family relationships have been identified as risk factors for childhood internalising symptoms such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. This mixed-methods evaluation examined the feasibility of...

Background/Objectives: The use of digital media, and especially social media, has been increasing over recent years. Previous research has reported a negative impact of media use on headaches; however, most of these studies are cross-sectional. There...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global transition to distance learning, which significantly impacted children’s mental health. In Saudi Arabia, remote education began on 8 March 2020, lasting between 1.5 to 2.5 years. This study a...

A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were conducted with the purpose of determining the extent to which asthma is prevalent among children in Saudi Arabia. This was done with the intention of addressing the dearth of data at the national level re...

Singapore’s national myopia prevention efforts have largely focused on school vision screening and public education on outdoor activities in the past two decades. Given the emergence of evidence-based myopia interventions, this policy review an...

Introduction: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the use of acetaminophen, which may be a risk factor for the ductal canal, in the treatment of fever due to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion in newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD)....

Background: Longer duration of deferred cord clamping (DCC), at least 120 s, is associated with the highest reduction in mortality compared to shorter durations of DCC or immediate cord clamping in preterm infants. We compared the neonatal outcomes o...

Introduction: The present study investigated the relationship between air pollution, specifically PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, and childhood and adolescent obesity in northern and central Taiwan. Previous research has shown a positive correlation between air poll...

Introduction: Opening the incubator side wall to insert a non-sterile length-measuring device carries the risk of microbial contamination and thermal instability for preterm infants. To reduce this inconvenience, a laser-based length-measuring board...

Background/Objectives: Savant syndrome is a perplexing condition characterized by the exceptional abilities or talents of individuals with disabilities or low IQ. Methods: This study shows an individual case of a child with autism, detailing how musi...

Background: The first two years of life are crucial for child growth and development, and short stature is a common issue influenced by nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and short statur...

Background/Objectives: The overall incidence of asthma in children with sickle cell disease in French Guiana is unknown. Asthma is common in children with sickle cell disease and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed...

Background/Objectives: Infant regulatory problems (RPs), i.e., crying, sleeping, and feeding problems, are associated with unfavorable outcomes in later childhood. RPs increased during the pandemic; however, their occurrence in the face of today&rsqu...

Recently, an article entitled “Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3–6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study” was published in the journal Children. I...

Background: Research in typically and some atypically developing populations showed associations between early motor and communication development, documenting how postural development can support communicative advancements. However, these relations...

Background: Inhibitory control is a higher-order cognitive function that affects children’s lives and learning, and the development of inhibitory control plays a vital role in the overall development of preschool children. However, most studies...

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and its components and severe obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: Data for...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) z-scores with body mass index (BMI) and weight-for-height (WFH) z-scores to determine its reliability in identifying malnutrition and its potent...

Introduction: Polycythemia is a rare condition that can be either primary or secondary. We report a case of an adolescent with progressive hydronephrosis-induced polycythemia and low erythropoietin levels, along with a thorough literature review. Rep...

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of poverty on child well-being and family functioning among low-income families. Specifically, it explored the role of parental stress, family dynamics, and contextual strain on children’s beh...

Background: The study aimed to assess dental anxiety (self and proxy reported) using a Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and modified short State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale (Emoji). Methods: 200 children visiting the pediatric dental clinic at...

Background/Objectives: Obesity and dental caries are significant health issues affecting children worldwide. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of obesity and dental caries among kindergarten children in Saudi Arabia during the early imple...

Background/Objectives: The Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) and Developmental Milestones (PEDS:DM) are cost-effective, self-report tools that can be conveniently utilized in low- and middle-income countries to screen for devel...

Background: Thoracolumbar (TL) fractures are uncommon injuries in the pediatric population. Surgery is recommended for TL fractures with significant deformity, posterior ligamentous complex disruption, or neurological compromise. The Thoracolumbar In...

Background/Objectives: Variability in biopsychosocial factors can explain the interindividual variability in pain. One factor that can impact pain is the pain catastrophizing level. Interestingly, parental pain catastrophizing is related to the sever...

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new member of the coronavirus family. While respiratory transmission is the main route, concerns...

Background: A specific deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p) is the hallmark of the rare genetic syndrome called Cri du Chat Syndrome (CdCS). It causes severe difficulty with swallowing, speech, motor skills, and cognitive deficiencies. Thes...

Background/Objectives: The redirection or reshaping of the acetabulum might be warranted to attain a concentric and stable hip in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of this study is to assess the late clinical and radiolo...

Background/Objectives: Individuals with Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), an immune-modulated disorder, experience exacerbation-related neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional impairments, and high rates of developmental diagnosis...

Background/Objectives: The associations between low birth weight (LBW) and the aggregation of metabolic risk factors (MRF) in youth remain ambiguous. Thus, this study analysed the interrelationship among MRF, LBW, and behavioural factors in adolescen...

Objectives: To investigate the effects of music intervention on the vital signs, weight gain, feeding, hospital stays, and cost of premature infants. Methods: 100 premature infants were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (given music...

Background/Objectives: Understanding the neurocognitive profile of children with sickle cell disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo is essential, as this condition can significantly affect their development. Our study aims to assess these childr...

Background: Gestural production, a crucial aspect of nonverbal communication, plays a key role in the development of verbal and socio-communicative skills. Delays in gestural development often impede verbal acquisition and social interaction in child...

Background: Children with a developmental language disorder (DLD) frequently experience deficits in cognitive skills such as working memory (WM) and sustained attention (SA), which are closely related to language development. Yet, these cognitive def...

Background/Objectives: Children with autism exhibit deficits in fundamental motor skills, which are intensified when associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective: To correlate motor competence in children with autism, au...

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in team sports. A screening test can help understand why injuries occur and predict who is at risk for non-contact low back pain. The objectives of the research were (1) t...

Background/Objectives: Household insecticide use may impact the health of young children in urban communities, but little is known about its acute effects. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the symptoms that may have been related to res...

Background: We aimed to assess (1) the awareness of parents regarding the cervical rotation preference of their infant and the agreement of the parent, clinician and objective assessments, and (2) the test–retest reliability for objective (meas...

Background/Objectives: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a prevalent congenital heart defect that continues to present a significant challenge in the management of paediatric patients. The assessment of left ventricle systolic function is typically cond...

Infantile spasms are common in Down Syndrome (DS), but the mechanisms by which DS predisposes to this devastating epilepsy syndrome are unclear. In general, neuronal excitability and therefore seizure predisposition results from an imbalance of excit...