Children, Volume 12, Issue 6

Background/Objectives: Pediatric sarcomas are a biologically diverse group of mesenchymal tumors associated with morbidity due to recurrence, despite aggressive multimodal treatment. Reliable predictors of early recurrence remain limited. This explor...

Background: Active play has been proposed to complement school-based physical activity (PA) and promote increased movement-related activities relevant for the development of motor competence. Guided active play (GAP) paired with cooperative games pro...

Background/Objectives: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and bimanual training (BIT) have been commonly used to improve upper limb (ULF) in paediatric populations. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of CIMT and BIT for the recovery of...

Objectives: Kangaroo care is vital for the development of premature and low-birthweight infants. However, detailed data on skin-to-skin times, especially for extremely preterm infants in NICUs, is lacking. This study quantifies skin-to-skin times for...

Background/Objectives: Pediatric skin injuries represent a clinical challenge, especially in cases with complex etiology or with severe pain. Blue light is an emerging technology with potential application in pediatric wound care. The aim of this cas...

Background: Networks for building and developing community systems to support early childhood rely on the volunteer efforts of organizations and the leadership of coordinators to unite relevant stakeholders. Aims: The purpose of this study was to exp...

Background/Objectives: Preschool children from low-income, ethnically diverse communities face disproportionate rates of behavioral challenges and early expulsion from early care and education (ECE) programs. This study evaluated the efficacy, feasib...

Background/Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (AD) are prevalent in childhood and adolescence, often presenting with overlapping symptoms. This study aimed to assess cognitive and executive functions&mda...

Background: Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) are multifactorial. Early-life events are proposed as factors involved in their etiopathogenesis. The relationship between mode of delivery, prematurity, and DGBI development remains unclear...

Background/Objectives: Child abuse is a pervasive global issue with significant implications for the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of victims. This review highlights the clinical, molecular, and therapeutic dimensions of child abu...

Background: The current study explores the relationship between children’s risk willingness and their motor behavior in a virtual playground setting and its association with perceived gross motor competence. Methods: A total of 96 children aged...

Background/Objectives: This study assesses the prevalence of diabulimia in Greek children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) by using the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey—Revised (DEPS-R) questionnaire and addresses a gap in the...

Background/Objectives: In 2022, 2.2 million adolescents were diagnosed with substance use disorders, including 265,000 with opioid use disorder. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that 130,000 adolescents misused prescription pain me...

Background/Objectives: Three distinct language comprehension phenotypes have previously been identified in individuals with language deficits: (1) individuals with the Command Phenotype are limited to understanding simple commands; (2) individuals wi...

Background/Objectives: Children at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V experience severe motor impairments, yet the effects of passive wheelchair rides on their physiological parameters remain unexplored. This study aim...

Background: Physical activity is essential for the physical and psychological development of children, contributing to both fitness and overall well-being. However, children with neurological conditions such as childhood absence seizures (CAE), a typ...

Objectives: Mouth breathing in children may lead to craniofacial anomalies such as maxillary constriction. Pediatricians play a crucial role in recognizing early signs and making timely referrals. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of pediatr...

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the associations between cognitive functions and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in three databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web...

Background/Objectives: Recurring infections in children with allergies pose significant clinical challenges, with these conditions often exacerbating each other through complex immunological interactions. This narrative review examines the connection...

Background/Objectives: Mental disorders that emerge during adolescence frequently extend into adulthood, predicting poor academic and employment outcomes and heavy societal burdens. Novel efforts to improve youth mental health have transitioned from...

Purpose: Hemodynamic response, particularly increased heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, can occur during tracheal intubation and is an adverse event to be avoided. The aim of this study was to use a network meta-analysis (NMA) to develop a ranking...

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in various clinical contexts. This retrospective study evaluated the predictive utility of RDW for cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute lung injury (CPB-ALI) in pe...

Background: Diagnostic delay and error represent pervasive problems in healthcare with grave implications for treatment and prognosis. Though characteristic of human cognition, cognitive biases commonly contribute to delays in the physician decision-...

Background/Objectives: Preterm newborns often require specialized care and management. However, exposure to multiple stimuli during hospitalization can adversely affect their neurological development. Developmental-centered care integrates evidence-b...

Background: Severe neonatal Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) is associated with a high risk of mortality. A new therapeutic approach aims to combine the advantages of Starnes’ procedure in stabilizing critically ill neonates with the long-term supe...

Objective: The development of a normal sleep–wake rhythm in the first weeks of life depends on the physiological sensory needs of the newborn as well as the environment surrounding them. This includes, for example, avoiding pain, exposure to br...

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with pulmonary atresia (PA) and complete right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) represents one of the most critical forms of congenital heart disease in neonates. These cases require complex and timely intervent...

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic affected children’s lifestyle, due to strict lockdown restrictions. This study evaluated Romanian children’s lifestyle prior to and during the pandemic and their associated factors. Materia...

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of dental caries among children in Turkey by synthesizing national evidence from theses and peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024. Methods: Studies were retrieved...

Background: One of the most common genetic variants among individuals with cystic fibrosis screen-positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID) is 5T;12TG. Classified as having “varying clinical consequences” (VVCC), it may produce a wide spec...

Background/Objectives: Venipuncture is a painful and distress-inducing procedure, especially in adolescents. However, the effect of stress on venipuncture pain remains unclear. This study investigated the relationships between stress (venipuncture-re...

Background/Objectives: Conduct Disorder (CD) involves persistent behavior violating societal norms and others’ rights. A subgroup of adolescents with CD exhibits callous–unemotional (CU) traits, which are linked to severe antisocial behav...

Background/Objectives: To date, there are no validated tools that assess children’s performance in connected text dictation tasks in European Portuguese using automated analysis. International studies were identified, but these primarily involv...

Background: Music therapy and music-based interventions are increasingly recognized as valuable adjuncts in pediatric neurorehabilitation, leveraging rhythm, singing, instrument playing, and improvisation to support children with neurological disabil...

Background: Parvovirus B19 is the major cause of transient aplastic crisis in children with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) inhibiting erythropoiesis and leading to a severe drop in hemoglobin levels, requiring hospitalization and transfusional support...

Background/Objectives: Information regarding the current myopia prevalence in children is limited. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of myopia in European children. Methods: A syste...

Background: Adolescents are at a critical developmental stage marked by rapid cognitive, emotional, and social changes, making them highly susceptible to mental health issues. Recently, digital health interventions (DHIs) have emerged as innovative a...

This case series presents four pediatric patients who developed tracheal complications after prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation. The first case involved an 11-year-old girl with severe hypoxic encephalopathy who developed extensive ulcerative...

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication encountered in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) and very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) premature babies. The neurologic outcome of these patients is influenced by the magnitude of the hemorrhagic...

Objectives: In the neonatal period, 25% of cases with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) require surgical or interventional palliative and corrective procedures. Prenatal diagnosis and timely intervention can positively impact neonatal mortalit...

Background: Influenza B usually causes mild illness in children. Severe and fatal cases can occur when complicated by secondary Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pneumonia, including community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS...

Objectives: This review summarizes current evidence on robotic-assisted upper airway and neck surgery in pediatric patients, highlighting clinical indications, outcomes, limitations, and areas for future research. Methods: A systematic review was con...

Background/Objectives: Students with specific learning disorders (SLDs) are at increased risk for emotional and academic difficulties. While teacher characteristics can influence student outcomes, few studies have examined the role of teacher persona...

Purpose: Assess mental health professionals’ attitudes regarding the timing and characteristics of therapeutic interventions for children whose parents have incurable cancer, and whether professionals would use artificial intelligence (AI) in t...

Background/Objectives: Prenatal adverse events may influence the development of complications of prematurity, including patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian model-averaged (BMA) meta-analysis of observational...

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine 7 years of clinical physical therapy measures in a child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) who received multiple botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections. Methods: A boy diagnosed with s...

Background: Skewfoot, also known as Z-foot, is a rare and complex deformity characterized by a combination of forefoot adduction and hindfoot valgus, resulting in a “Z” shape. Due to its rarity, diagnostic criteria and standardized treatm...

As the limit of viability is extended to lower gestational ages, neonatologists caring for preterm infants must discover the optimal nutritional combination to support postnatal growth. It has been well established that introducing protein soon after...

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the application of adaptive sports programs, initially designed for children with disabilities, can have a positive effect on physical fitness and body composition in healthy primary sch...

Background/Objectives: Adaptation to extrauterine life is challenging for preterm newborns. Environmental stimuli, such as noise, can lead to adverse health outcomes, causing instability of vital parameters and impairment of neurodevelopment. The Ame...