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Volume 10
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10.3390/pr10071340
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Review

Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia

by
Damiana Scuteri
1,2,*,
Chizuko Watanabe
3,
Shinobu Sakurada
3,
Kengo Hamamura
4,
Tsukasa Sakurada
5,
Paolo Tonin
2,
Giacinto Bagetta
1,* and
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
6
1
Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
2
Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
3
Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
4
Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
5
Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
6
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2022, 10(7), 1340; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340
Submission received: 28 June 2022 / Revised: 7 July 2022 / Accepted: 8 July 2022 / Published: 9 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products for Drug Discovery and Development)
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Abstract

The demand for natural products is steadily increasing, and pharmacotechnological engineering is needed to allow rigorous investigation of their efficacy and safety in clinical conditions representing still unmet needs. Among aged patients affected by dementia, up to 80% of residents in nursing homes suffer from chronic pain and 97% from fluctuant neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), of which the most challenging is agitation. It is, at least in part, due to undertreated pain and treated with antipsychotics almost doubling the risk of death. In the frame of a scoping review assessing the existence of essential oils undergoing engineering pharmacotechnological processes using solid lipid nanoparticle delivery systems for clinical translation in pain and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), here we identified that the sole essential oil engineered to overcome the criticisms of aromatherapy clinical trials in pain and dementia is the essential oil of bergamot (BEO). Therefore, we present the process leading to the actually ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled NCT04321889 clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of intervention with bergamot in the management of agitation and pain in severe dementia to be followed also for the proof of concept of efficacy and safety of other essential oils.
Keywords: bergamot essential oil; NanoBEO; SLN; severe dementia; pain; agitation; I-MOBID-2; CONSORT bergamot essential oil; NanoBEO; SLN; severe dementia; pain; agitation; I-MOBID-2; CONSORT

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MDPI and ACS Style

Scuteri, D.; Watanabe, C.; Sakurada, S.; Hamamura, K.; Sakurada, T.; Tonin, P.; Bagetta, G.; Corasaniti, M.T. Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia. Processes 2022, 10, 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340

AMA Style

Scuteri D, Watanabe C, Sakurada S, Hamamura K, Sakurada T, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia. Processes. 2022; 10(7):1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340

Chicago/Turabian Style

Scuteri, Damiana, Chizuko Watanabe, Shinobu Sakurada, Kengo Hamamura, Tsukasa Sakurada, Paolo Tonin, Giacinto Bagetta, and Maria Tiziana Corasaniti. 2022. "Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia" Processes 10, no. 7: 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340

APA Style

Scuteri, D., Watanabe, C., Sakurada, S., Hamamura, K., Sakurada, T., Tonin, P., Bagetta, G., & Corasaniti, M. T. (2022). Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia. Processes, 10(7), 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340

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