A Numerical Study on Key Thermal Parameters and NOx Emissions of a Hydrogen-Fueled Double-Channel Outlet Micro Cylindrical Combustor Employing a Heat-Recirculating Configuration for Thermophotovoltaic Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Methodology
2.1. Geometric Model
2.2. Governing Equations
2.3. Numerical Setup and Boundary Conditions
2.4. Mesh Sensitivity Analysis and Model Validation
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Newly Proposed Design and Preheating Channel Lengths
3.2. Effects of Preheating Channel Width
3.3. Effects of Inlet Velocity
3.4. Effects of Inlet Equivalence Ratio
4. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Velocity vector, | |
Static pressure, | |
Unit tensor | |
Effective conductivity, | |
Mass fraction of species i | |
Fuel mass fractions at the inlet | |
Fuel mass fractions at the outlet | |
Reaction net rate of production of species i | |
Enthalpy of species j, | |
Enthalpy source term of fluid, | |
Total heat loss, | |
Heat losses by convection, | |
Heat losses by radiation, | |
Natural convection heat transfer coefficient | |
Surface area of the outer wall, | |
Outer wall area of cell i, | |
Inlet exergy, | |
Total exergy losses, | |
Uncounted exergy destruction, | |
Energy loss from the combustion exhaust gas, | |
Exhaust gas temperature, | |
Area-weighted-mean wall temperature, | |
Temperature of external wall, | |
Ambient temperature, | |
Outer wall temperature of cell i, | |
Wall temperature uniformity | |
Mass flow rate of fuel, | |
Mass flow rate of inlet flow, | |
Lower heating value | |
Greek letters | |
Mixture gas density, | |
Molecular viscosity, | |
Emissivity of the solid surface | |
Stephan–Boltzmann constant, | |
Equivalence ratio | |
Exergy efficiency | |
Radiation efficiency | |
Combustion efficiency |
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Variables | Value (mm) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Case 6 | ||
Length | L1 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
L2 | NA | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | |
L3 | NA | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
L4 | NA | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
L5 | NA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
L6 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
L7 | NA | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | |
L8 | NA | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.45 | 0.95 | |
L9 | NA | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.65 | 0.9 | |
Diameter | D1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
D2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
D3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Thickness | t1 | NA | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 |
Parameter | Method |
---|---|
Flow | Turbulent |
Chemistry–turbulence interaction | Eddy dissipation concept (EDC) |
Discretization | Second-order UPWIND scheme |
Pressure–velocity coupling | SIMPLE algorithm |
Segregate | Segregate/implicit (under-relaxation method) |
Software | ANSYS Fluent R1 2023 |
Mixture physical properties | Density: incompressible-ideal-gas law |
Specific heat: mixing-law | |
Thermal conductivity: ideal gas mixing law | |
Viscosity: ideal gas mixing law | |
Mass diffusivity: kinetic theory |
Property | Unit | Values |
---|---|---|
Density | 8000 | |
Thermal conductivity | 12 | |
Specific heat | 503 | |
Emissivity | - | 0.85 |
Boundary | Parameters | Values |
---|---|---|
Inlet | Velocity | 6, 8, 10, 12 m/s |
Gauge pressure | 0 Pa | |
Turbulent intensity | 5% | |
Hydraulic diameter | 2 mm | |
Temperature | 300 K | |
Outlet | Gauge pressure | 0 Pa |
Turbulent intensity | 5% | |
Hydraulic diameter | 2 mm | |
Inner wall | Interface No-slip | Zero-flux for all species |
Thermal condition | Coupled | |
Material | Steel | |
Outer wall | Heat transfer coefficient | 10 W/m2·K |
Emissivity | 0.85 |
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Almutairi, F. A Numerical Study on Key Thermal Parameters and NOx Emissions of a Hydrogen-Fueled Double-Channel Outlet Micro Cylindrical Combustor Employing a Heat-Recirculating Configuration for Thermophotovoltaic Applications. Processes 2024, 12, 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091848
Almutairi F. A Numerical Study on Key Thermal Parameters and NOx Emissions of a Hydrogen-Fueled Double-Channel Outlet Micro Cylindrical Combustor Employing a Heat-Recirculating Configuration for Thermophotovoltaic Applications. Processes. 2024; 12(9):1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091848
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmutairi, Faisal. 2024. "A Numerical Study on Key Thermal Parameters and NOx Emissions of a Hydrogen-Fueled Double-Channel Outlet Micro Cylindrical Combustor Employing a Heat-Recirculating Configuration for Thermophotovoltaic Applications" Processes 12, no. 9: 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091848