European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

18 pages, 554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Access Is Progress: Understanding Rural Secondary Student Access and Outcomes of Advanced Placement Courses

by Phillip D. Grant, Ali Jahanaray and T. Logan Arrington

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070143 - 21 Jul 2025

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This study examines the availability and outcomes of Advanced Placement (AP) courses in secondary schools in Georgia (USA) and South Carolina (USA), focusing on how school locale (rurality) and demographic composition influence AP availability and student achievement. The authors analyzed population-level school data [...] Read more.

This study examines the availability and outcomes of Advanced Placement (AP) courses in secondary schools in Georgia (USA) and South Carolina (USA), focusing on how school locale (rurality) and demographic composition influence AP availability and student achievement. The authors analyzed population-level school data from the 2021–22 academic year using a two-step quantitative approach. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model (ZINB) was employed to assess AP course participation and AP exam performance while addressing overdispersion and excess zeros in the data. Key predictors included school locale (rural versus nonrural), state (Georgia versus South Carolina), and minoritized-majority status. This study finds that rural schools and those where minoritized students make up the majority (i.e., fewer than 50% White students) are significantly less likely to offer AP courses or have any students participate in AP exams. Moreover, these schools had a significantly lower success rate; for example, rural schools were 59% less likely to have students with scores above three. The findings indicate that gaps in access to advanced curriculum may exacerbate existing college and career readiness disparities. Moreover, this study confirms that previous research using sampled datasets underestimates the disparity of AP access. Full article

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19 pages, 971 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Quality of the Parent–Child Relationship in the Context of Autism: The Role of Parental Resolution of the Child’s Diagnosis, Parenting Stress, and Caregiving Burden

by Annalisa Levante, Chiara Martis and Flavia Lecciso

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070142 - 18 Jul 2025

Viewed by 576

Abstract

Background. Parents of autistic children face challenges that can negatively affect the quality of the parent–child relationship. This study aimed to explore the potential protective role of parental resolution about positive (closeness) and negative (conflict and dependence) aspects of the parent–child relationship, with [...] Read more.

Background. Parents of autistic children face challenges that can negatively affect the quality of the parent–child relationship. This study aimed to explore the potential protective role of parental resolution about positive (closeness) and negative (conflict and dependence) aspects of the parent–child relationship, with parenting stress and caregiving burden as mediators. Methods. A cross-sectional study (ethical approval: CE n. 92949) was conducted with 51 Italian parents of autistic children. A multiple mediation model was tested. Results. Parental resolution had a significant total effect (β = 0.012; BootLLCI = 0.002; BootULCI = 0.024) and a significant direct effect on the parent–child relationship (β = 0.223; BootLLCI = 0.058; BootULCI = 0.389), indicating that resolving the child’s diagnosis could potentially influence parents’ perceptions of their relationship with their child, possibly leading to views of it being somewhat closer, experiencing fewer conflicts, and involving a lower degree of dependence. An indirect effect via parenting stress was also significant (β = −0.130; BootLLCI = −0.009; BootULCI = −0.291), while caregiving burden did not show a mediating effect. Conclusion: Despite the exploratory and cross-sectional nature of this study, the findings highlight the importance of promoting family well-being in the context of autism. The findings may inform future research on parental resources and guide clinicians in developing intervention programmes to mitigate the emotional impact of receiving a child’s autism diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parenting across the Lifespan: Perinatal Mental Health, Infant Feeding, and Child Development)

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16 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Drives the Non-Medical Use of Stimulants Among College Students? The Role of Self-Efficacy and Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Israeli Undergraduates

by Keren Dopelt, Shiran Bord and Nourit Houminer-Klepar

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070141 - 18 Jul 2025

Viewed by 450

Abstract

Background: Non-medical use of prescription stimulants is increasing among college students worldwide. While intended for ADHD treatment, many students use these substances to improve their concentration and academic performance. Despite global research, little is known about the psychological and attitudinal factors influencing such [...] Read more.

Background: Non-medical use of prescription stimulants is increasing among college students worldwide. While intended for ADHD treatment, many students use these substances to improve their concentration and academic performance. Despite global research, little is known about the psychological and attitudinal factors influencing such use in the Israeli academic context. Objectives: We wished to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, attitudes toward stimulant use, and actual use among Israeli college students, aiming to uncover the mechanisms behind non-medical stimulant consumption. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 598 students from two Israeli academic institutions. The participants completed validated questionnaires assessing their demographic characteristics, stimulant use patterns, self-efficacy, and attitudes. Results: A total of 22% of students reported using stimulants, 17% of them without a prescription. Positive attitudes significantly increased the likelihood of use (Exp(B) = 3.31, p < 0.001), while higher self-efficacy reduced it (Exp(B) = 0.69, p < 0.01). A negative correlation was found between self-efficacy and favorable attitudes (r = −0.17, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that self-efficacy influences stimulant use entirely through its effect on attitudes toward stimulants. Additionally, stimulant use was significantly more common among Jewish students (25%) compared to non-Jewish students (11%; p < 0.05) and among smokers (36%) compared to non-smokers (20%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Positive attitudes and low self-efficacy are key risk factors for stimulant misuse. These findings underscore the need for educational interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy and promoting healthier coping strategies in academic settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Addictive Behaviors and Mental Disorders Among Youth and Adolescents)

15 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship Between Social Problem-Solving and Passive-Aggressive Behavior Among Adolescents

by Zita Gál, Márió Tibor Nagy, István Károly Takács and László Kasik

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070140 - 18 Jul 2025

Viewed by 493

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between passive-aggressive behavior and social problem-solving among Hungarian adolescents (16- and 18-year-olds, N = 496). The Passive Aggression Scale (PAS) was used to explore the characteristics of criticism, ignoring, and sabotage, and the [...] Read more.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between passive-aggressive behavior and social problem-solving among Hungarian adolescents (16- and 18-year-olds, N = 496). The Passive Aggression Scale (PAS) was used to explore the characteristics of criticism, ignoring, and sabotage, and the Social Problem-Solving Inventory–Revised (SPSI–R) was employed to measure negative and positive problem orientations and rational, impulsive, and avoidant problem-solving styles. Both questionnaires performed reliably for both ages. The results show that 18-year-olds are more likely to have a negative problem orientation. Both age groups show a similarly strong positive relationship between criticism–impulsivity and ignoring–rationality. Based on a latent profile analysis, two problem-solving profiles (mixed and positive rational) were distinguished for 16-year-olds and three (mixed, positive rational, and negative avoidant) for 18-year-olds. Only the profiles obtained for the older age groups differ in passive-aggressive characteristics: criticism is most common for impulsive avoiders, ignoring is least typical of positive rationalists, and sabotage is most characteristic of mixed profiles. Developmental and socio-psychological features are usually well understood in these patterns, but a measure of various passive-aggressive behaviors is needed that is specific to adolescents. Full article

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14 pages, 545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coping Strategies and Health-Related Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors

by Ana Agrelo-Fernández, Lucía Fernández-Arce, Ana Llaneza-Folgueras, Ana Isabel Encinas-Muñiz, María Olivo del Valle and Alberto Lana

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070139 - 17 Jul 2025

Viewed by 384

Abstract

Background: The aim was to explore the association between coping strategies (CSs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer (BC) survivors and to analyze the role of relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 305 women under follow-up [...] Read more.

Background: The aim was to explore the association between coping strategies (CSs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer (BC) survivors and to analyze the role of relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 305 women under follow-up for surgically treated BC in Spain. CSs were measured using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale and the HRQoL with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: The mean age at BC diagnosis for participants was 57.4 years, with 60.3% of diagnoses at the local stage. Most frequent complementary treatments were radiotherapy (53.4%) and chemotherapy (33.1%). Adaptative CS scores were positively associated both with higher physical HRQoL (adjusted regression coefficient: 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.11; 4.27, p-value: 0.039) and mental HRQoL scores (coef.: 2.65: 95%CI: 0.25; 5.04, p-value: 0.030). Maladaptive CS scores were inversely associated with mental HRQoL scores (coef.: −3.92; 95%CI: −6.62; −1.22, p-value: 0.005). The effects were stronger among women with a favorable BC prognosis. Conclusions: Adaptive CSs positively affected the physical and mental HRQoL, while maladaptive CSs negatively affected the mental HRQoL. Therefore, psychosocial interventions that promote adaptive CSs and avoid maladaptive ones could improve the well-being of women with a favorable BC prognosis. Full article

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19 pages, 472 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Locus of Control and Resilience in Primary School Students

by Asimenia Papoulidi and Katerina Maniadaki

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070138 - 17 Jul 2025

Viewed by 596

Abstract

Resilience refers to an enduring and yet fluid characteristic that enhances children’s adaptation. It is a dynamic developmental process that is highly promoted by individuals’ internal characteristics, such as self-efficacy and locus of control. The present study examined whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship [...] Read more.

Resilience refers to an enduring and yet fluid characteristic that enhances children’s adaptation. It is a dynamic developmental process that is highly promoted by individuals’ internal characteristics, such as self-efficacy and locus of control. The present study examined whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between locus of control and resilience among Greek primary school students. Participants were 690 students aged 9–12 years who were enrolled at primary schools in Greece in Grades 4, 5, and 6. Participants completed a questionnaire including measures assessing resilience, locus of control, and self-efficacy. Structural equation modeling using AMOS 26.0 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that locus of control and self-efficacy function as significant predictors for all dimensions of resilience, while demographic characteristics such as gender and grade only predict some dimensions of resilience. The hypothesized model was a good fit to the data, and self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between locus of control and resilience. Psychologists, instructors, and practitioners can develop and apply intervention programs in order to strengthen children’s resilience by enhancing their self-efficacy and helping them adopt an internal locus of control. Full article

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17 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validation of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ) in the Italian Context: A Measure for Assessing Alcohol Intake and Binge Drinking

by Eleonora Topino and Alessio Gori

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070137 - 17 Jul 2025

Viewed by 346

Abstract

An accurate assessment of alcohol consumption is essential for identifying at-risk individuals and informing prevention and intervention strategies. The present study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess both general alcohol intake [...] Read more.

An accurate assessment of alcohol consumption is essential for identifying at-risk individuals and informing prevention and intervention strategies. The present study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess both general alcohol intake and binge drinking patterns. A sample of 378 Italian participants (54.5% female; M_age = 26.76 years, SD = 8.44) completed the AUQ along with additional measures assessing binge eating and psychological vulnerabilities related to addiction. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactor model reflecting two distinct but related dimensions: general intake and binge drinking. Network analysis highlighted the central role of perceived frequency of intoxication within the structure of alcohol-related behaviors. Both AUQ indices showed good internal consistency and significant associations with external variables, particularly impulsivity, dissociation, and affect dysregulation, supporting construct validity. The Italian AUQ emerges as a valid and reliable tool for assessing alcohol use patterns and may be useful in both research and clinical practice. Full article

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25 pages, 697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychopathological Correlates of Dysfunctional Smartphone and Social Media Use: The Role of Personality Disorders in Technological Addiction and Digital Life Balance

by Mirko Duradoni, Giulia Colombini, Camilla Barucci, Veronica Zagaglia and Andrea Guazzini

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070136 - 17 Jul 2025

Viewed by 579

Abstract

Current technological development has made the Internet and new technologies increasingly present in people’s lives, expanding their opportunities but also potentially posing risks for dysfunctional use. This study aims to identify psychopathological factors associated with dysfunctional ICT use, extending the evidence beyond the [...] Read more.

Current technological development has made the Internet and new technologies increasingly present in people’s lives, expanding their opportunities but also potentially posing risks for dysfunctional use. This study aims to identify psychopathological factors associated with dysfunctional ICT use, extending the evidence beyond the well-established relationships with mood disorders to include personality disorders (i.e., cluster C in particular). A total of 711 participants (75.70% female; Mage = 28.33 years, SD = 12.30) took part in the data collection. Firstly, the results showed positive correlations between higher levels of addictive patterns for the Internet, social networks, smartphones and applications, and video games and higher levels of borderline symptoms as assessed by the Borderline Symptom List 23—Short Version. Moreover, scores reflecting high addictive patterns also positively correlated with general narcissistic traits as indicated by the total score of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory 13—Short Version and those specifically described by its Entitlement/Exploitativeness dimension, as well as with higher levels of almost all the personality traits assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM 5—Brief Form (i.e., negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and psychoticism). These findings broaden the still scarce body of evidence on the relationship between personality disorders and dysfunctional ICT use, which, however, needs to be further explored. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology's Impact on Mental Well-Being: The Emerging Insights in the Digital Age)

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16 pages, 656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of Misinterpretations and Neutralizing Responses to Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders

by Belén Pascual-Vera, Guy Doron, Mujgan Inozu, Fernando García and Amparo Belloch

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070135 - 15 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Background. Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest that obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) develop from maladaptive misinterpretations and coping strategies of unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs). Models of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) propose that these symptoms stem from similar misinterpretations of common [...] Read more.

Background. Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest that obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) develop from maladaptive misinterpretations and coping strategies of unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs). Models of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) propose that these symptoms stem from similar misinterpretations of common UITs relating to perceived defects in appearance and illness. This study examines whether maladaptive misinterpretations and control strategies leading to the escalation of obsessional UITs to OCD symptoms also have a similar effect on the development of BDD and IAD. More specifically, we examined whether misinterpretations and neutralizing responses mediate the associations between the frequency of disorder-specific UITs and symptoms of these disorders. Method. A total of 625 non-clinical participants from four countries completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts (QUIT) that assesses OCD, BDD and IAD-related UITs and their associated misinterpretations and neutralizing strategies, as well as self-report measures of OCD, BDD, and IAD symptoms. Parallel multiple mediation models were conducted. Results. The frequency of OCD, BDD and IAD-related UITs predicted symptoms of each disorder. Dysfunctional appraisals and neutralizing behaviors mediated the associations between disorder-specific UITs and symptoms in OCD and IAD. The IAD model accounted for a smaller proportion of variance than the OCD model. No mediating effects were found for BDD symptoms. Conclusions. Experiencing disturbing UITs is a transdiagnostic risk factor of OCD, BDD and IAD, and is associated with symptoms of these disorders. Maladaptive interpretation of UITs and neutralizing strategies should be specific targets in the assessment and treatment of OCD and IAD. The absence of mediation effects for BDD could be due to the limitations observed on the self-report used to assess BDD symptoms and/or the low relevance of the misinterpretations and control strategies assessed by the QUIT, which are more typically endorsed by individuals with OCD. Full article

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23 pages, 894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occupational Health and Performance Among Chinese University Teachers: A COR Theory Model of Health-Promoting Leadership and Burnout

by Xiaohua Sha and Yulin Chang

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070134 - 14 Jul 2025

Viewed by 407

Abstract

With the rapid expansion of higher education in China, university teachers are facing increasing workloads and mounting performance pressures, posing significant threats to their occupational health. Consequently, how to enhance job performance while safeguarding faculty well-being has become a critical issue for higher [...] Read more.

With the rapid expansion of higher education in China, university teachers are facing increasing workloads and mounting performance pressures, posing significant threats to their occupational health. Consequently, how to enhance job performance while safeguarding faculty well-being has become a critical issue for higher education administrators. This study aims to explore the role of health-promoting leadership (HPL) in addressing the dual challenge of enhancing university teachers’ job performance while maintaining their occupational health. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study conceptualizes job burnout as both a core indicator of occupational health and a mediating variable, as well as proposing a dual-path model to examine the direct and indirect effects of HPL on teachers’ job performance. A survey of 556 university teachers in Jiangxi Province, China, was conducted; the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 and AMOS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The findings suggest that HPL is positively associated with job performance, both directly and indirectly through reduced burnout, supporting a dual-pathway mechanism consistent with COR theory. These results contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of HPL in balancing teacher well-being and performance in the context of Chinese higher education. This study also extends the cross-cultural application of COR theory and provides theoretical and practical insights into how HPL may help alleviate teacher burnout and support the development of health-promoting universities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Health Challenges: Mapping Psychosocial Factors Driving Healthy Organizations)

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17 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Social Determinants of Mental Health in Colombian Young Adults

by Mónica Roncancio-Moreno, Rita Patricia Ocampo-Cepeda and Arcadio de Jesús Cardona-Isaza

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070133 - 13 Jul 2025

Viewed by 554

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems among young adults has increased exponentially worldwide, with significant implications for public health. This study explores the structural and intermediate social determinants of health associated with emotional well-being and distress in Colombian young adults. Methods: A [...] Read more.

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems among young adults has increased exponentially worldwide, with significant implications for public health. This study explores the structural and intermediate social determinants of health associated with emotional well-being and distress in Colombian young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1232 university students aged 18–28 years residing in Cali, Colombia. The Social Determinants of Mental Health Questionnaire for Young Adults (SDMH) was administered to assess structural and intermediate determinants. Participants were categorized into two groups: those with mental health diagnoses (n = 252) and those without (n = 980). Descriptive, comparative association and predictive analyses were conducted. Results: Significant differences were found between groups, with diagnosed participants showing higher exposure to violence and suicidal ideation. Women with diagnoses predominantly presented anxiety and depression, while men showed more externalizing symptoms. Violence experiences emerged as the strongest predictors of emotional distress in both groups. Psychosocial life skills and perceived social support were the most robust protective factors for emotional well-being, regardless of diagnostic status. Conclusions: This study reveals that multiple risk factors accumulate rather than single extreme factors characterizing mental health vulnerability. Violence prevention, life skills development, and social support enhancement should be prioritized in public health interventions for young adults. The findings emphasize the need for multisectoral approaches addressing social determinants to promote youth mental health. Full article

13 pages, 344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Temporal Associations Between Cognitive Impairment and Depression in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis

by Jesús Herrera-Imbroda, Vera Carbonell-Aranda, Gloria Guerrero-Pertiñez, Pilar Barnestein-Fonseca, Peter Anderberg, Esperanza Varela-Moreno, Antonio Cuesta-Vargas, Maite Garolera, Evi Lemmens, Johan Sanmartin Berglund, Fermin Mayoral-Cleries, Jessica Marian Goodman-Casanova and Jose Guzman-Parra

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070132 - 12 Jul 2025

Viewed by 485

Abstract

Depression and cognitive impairment frequently co-occur in older adults, but their temporal relationship remains unclear. While depression is often considered a risk factor for cognitive decline, evidence is mixed, particularly in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia (MCI/ED). This study analyzed [...] Read more.

Depression and cognitive impairment frequently co-occur in older adults, but their temporal relationship remains unclear. While depression is often considered a risk factor for cognitive decline, evidence is mixed, particularly in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia (MCI/ED). This study analyzed longitudinal data from 1086 participants (M = 74.49, SD = 7.24) in the SMART4MD clinical trial, conducted in Spain and Sweden over 18 months, with assessments every six months. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination, and depression was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. Findings revealed a concurrent association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. In regression mixed analysis, depression levels predicted increased cognitive decline over time, but no evidence was found for cognitive impairment predicting future depression. These associations were confirmed using a bivariate latent growth curve model with cross-lagged paths, which revealed early but attenuating bidirectional effects between depression and cognition. These results highlight depression as a medium-term risk factor for cognitive decline, emphasizing the importance of addressing depressive symptoms to mitigate cognitive deterioration in MCI/ED populations. Full article

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21 pages, 1846 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Loneliness as a Public Health Challenge: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Inform Policy and Practice

by Ananda Zeas-Sigüenza, Andreas Voldstad, Pablo Ruisoto, Ana Ganho-Ávila, Raquel Guiomar, Raúl Cacho, Ferran Muntané and Joan Benach

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070131 - 11 Jul 2025

Viewed by 1667

Abstract

Loneliness is a recognized public health risk factor associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the effectiveness of interventions targeting loneliness remains unclear—particularly in relation to baseline severity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed intervention effectiveness and the influence of baseline severity and [...] Read more.

Loneliness is a recognized public health risk factor associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the effectiveness of interventions targeting loneliness remains unclear—particularly in relation to baseline severity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed intervention effectiveness and the influence of baseline severity and intervention characteristics. A total of 25 studies were included, of which 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; k = 21) were meta-analyzed. Interventions produced a moderate pooled effect at post-intervention (Hedge’s g = 0.65, 95% CI [0.05, 1.26], p = 0.037), though with high heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses confirmed a moderate effect (g = 0.55, 95% CI [0.22, 0.88], p = 0.003). Higher baseline loneliness predicted greater intervention effects (b = 0.04, 95% CI [0.02, 0.07], Z = 3.36, p < 0.001), with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) showing the largest effect size (g = 0.73). No significant effects were observed at follow-up. These findings underscore the need for dual strategies: targeted psychological interventions (e.g., CBT) for individuals with severe loneliness, and universal, context-based approaches for the broader population. This aligns with Geoffrey Rose’s distinction between individual-level treatment and population-level prevention and highlights the urgency of embedding loneliness interventions into public health frameworks and policy agendas focused on promoting social connectedness and equity. Full article

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17 pages, 857 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clarity and Emotional Regulation as Protective Factors for Adolescent Well-Being: A Moderated Mediation Model Involving Depression

by Jonathan Martínez-Líbano, María-Mercedes Yeomans-Cabrera, Axel Koch, Roberto Iturra Lara and Patrícia Torrijos Fincias

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070130 - 11 Jul 2025

Viewed by 732

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent well-being is influenced by emotional regulation and clarity, particularly in contexts of depression, stress, and anxiety. Objective: This study explores how depression mediates the relationship between emotional regulation and well-being and whether emotional clarity moderates this interaction, providing a comprehensive model [...] Read more.

Introduction: Adolescent well-being is influenced by emotional regulation and clarity, particularly in contexts of depression, stress, and anxiety. Objective: This study explores how depression mediates the relationship between emotional regulation and well-being and whether emotional clarity moderates this interaction, providing a comprehensive model to understand adolescent mental health. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 636 Chilean adolescents aged 10–18. Emotional clarity and regulation were assessed using the TMMS-24 scale, depression with the DASS-21 scale, and subjective well-being with the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and moderated mediation models (PROCESS Macro, Models 4 and 7). Results: Emotional regulation positively correlated with subjective well-being (r = 0.373, p < 0.01) and negatively with depression (r = −0.251, p < 0.01). Depression partially mediated the relationship between emotional regulation and well-being (B = 0.149, 95% CI [0.082, 0.225]), with regulation explaining 86.41% of the effect. Emotional clarity moderated the regulation-depression link, with higher clarity amplifying the protective impact of regulation (index = 0.008, 95% CI [0.0017, 0.0149]). Conclusions: Emotional regulation and clarity are vital for adolescent well-being and enhance the protective role of regulation against depression. Interventions targeting both constructs could improve mental health outcomes in vulnerable populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Adaptation in Chronic Illness: Risky Factors and Resilience)

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16 pages, 3311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the VIA-72 Strengths Inventory

by Francisco Varela-Figueroa, María García-Jiménez, Rosario Antequera-Jurado and Francisco Javier Cano-García

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070129 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 858

Abstract

The Values in Action Inventory (VIA) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing character strengths. While the original version includes 240 items, shorter versions such as the VIA-72 have been developed to enhance its applicability. Psychometric studies of the VIA-72 [...] Read more.

The Values in Action Inventory (VIA) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing character strengths. While the original version includes 240 items, shorter versions such as the VIA-72 have been developed to enhance its applicability. Psychometric studies of the VIA-72 in Spanish are still limited. This study examined the factorial structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the Spanish VIA-72 in a sample of 470 adults. Three alternative models—comprising three, five, and six factors—were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. All models showed acceptable fit, but the three-factor solution—Caring, Self-Control, and Inquisitiveness—showed the best performance in terms of parsimony, fit indices, and conceptual clarity. Internal consistency for the three-factor model was high across dimensions and comparable to previous studies. Convergent validity was supported through meaningful correlations with personality traits, particularly with conscientiousness. The factorial structure largely replicated findings obtained with both VIA-72 and VIA-240. These results support the Spanish VIA-72 as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing character strengths, offering a concise, theory-based alternative for Spanish-speaking populations. Full article

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26 pages, 1047 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Hidden Cost of High Aspirations: Examining the Stress-Enhancing Effect of Motivational Goals Using Vignette Methodology

by Tamara Gschneidner and Timo Kortsch

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070128 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 437

Abstract

Occupational stress is a major contributor to mental and physical health problems, yet individuals vary in how they appraise and respond to stress, even in identical situations. This study investigates whether motivational goals and internalized conflict schemas—as proposed by Grawe’s Consistency Theory—account for [...] Read more.

Occupational stress is a major contributor to mental and physical health problems, yet individuals vary in how they appraise and respond to stress, even in identical situations. This study investigates whether motivational goals and internalized conflict schemas—as proposed by Grawe’s Consistency Theory—account for these differences by intensifying subjective stress when approach and avoidance goals are simultaneously activated. In a vignette-based pilot study, we validated 12 workplace scenarios varying in incongruence levels. In the main study (N = 482; mean age 25 years; 83.2% female), participants completed the FAMOS questionnaire to assess approach and avoidance goals and were randomly assigned to 4 out of the 12 pretested vignettes. Subjective stress was measured before and after vignette exposure using the SSSQ, and subjective wellbeing was measured using the PANAS. Multilevel modeling showed that participants with stronger avoidance goals and conflict schemas reported higher baseline stress, and that experimentally induced high incongruence led to greater increase in stress levels compared to low incongruence in three out of four scenarios. These findings suggest that psychological inconsistencies—particularly avoidance goals, conflict schemas, and goal incongruence—serve as internal stressors that intensify stress responses. The results highlight the importance of considering individual motivational patterns in stress research and intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Health Challenges: Mapping Psychosocial Factors Driving Healthy Organizations)

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12 pages, 455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bayesian Structural Equation Model to Predict Quality of Life in European Older Adults

by José M. Tomás, Aitana Sanz and Zaira Torres

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070127 - 9 Jul 2025

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Abstract

The ultimate goal of developed societies is to age with quality of life, but this concept is broad, and few studies have addressed which variables specifically affect its dimensions. This study aims to test a model for predicting the impact of frailty, pain, [...] Read more.

The ultimate goal of developed societies is to age with quality of life, but this concept is broad, and few studies have addressed which variables specifically affect its dimensions. This study aims to test a model for predicting the impact of frailty, pain, and loneliness on the four dimensions of quality of life (control, autonomy, pleasure, and self-realization). Data were drawn from a sample of 61,355 Europeans from the Wave 7 of the SHARE project, aged 60 or older (M = 71.87, SD = 8.22), from which 55.9% were females. Statistical analyses included a fully Bayesian structural equation model that evidences the significant effect of loneliness, frailty, and pain on the four dimensions of quality of life. The variables have an unequal impact on the different dimensions’ loneliness was the main predictor for the dimensions control, autonomy, and pleasure, while frailty was the main predictor to self-realization. This study supports the need to address these variables to intervene on the different aspects of quality of life in old age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Well-Being among Older Adults: Current Trends and Future Challenges)

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14 pages, 641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Prejudice Towards People with Mental Illness Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version (PPMI-IT)

by Francesca Bruno, Francesco Chirico, Hicham Khabbache, Younes Rami, Driss Ait Ali, Valentina Cardella, Maria Chayinska, Ivan Formica and Amelia Rizzo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070126 - 7 Jul 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 338

Abstract

Currently, there are no validated instruments in Italian specifically designed to assess mental illness stigma or prejudice. Moreover, implicit measures, while insightful, are often resource-intensive and impractical for large-scale population studies of Italian speakers. The present study investigated the validity of the Italian [...] Read more.

Currently, there are no validated instruments in Italian specifically designed to assess mental illness stigma or prejudice. Moreover, implicit measures, while insightful, are often resource-intensive and impractical for large-scale population studies of Italian speakers. The present study investigated the validity of the Italian version of the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness scale (PPMI-IT) in measuring biases toward individuals with mental health issues. The original instrument by Kenny et al. was translated from English into Italian and vice versa. A sample of 455 Italian-speaking participants (65% female; M_age = 33.39; SD = 13.21) was utilized to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis, confirming a four-factor structure (fear/avoidance, malevolence, authoritarianism, unpredictability). Factor loadings indicated that each dimension was well represented, supporting the construct validity of the scale. Model fit indices, including chi-square (χ² = 782.54, df = 296.00, χ²/df = 2.64), RMSEA (0.06, 90% CI: 0.060–0.07), CFI (0.93), TLI (0.91), and SRMR (0.06), suggest an excellent model fit. Furthermore, the analysis of correlations and the heterotrait/monotrait (HTMT) ratio provides evidence supporting the discriminant validity of the PPMI scale compared with social desirability. These findings confirm that the PPMI scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing biases toward individuals with mental health issues, making it suitable for academic research, clinical interventions, and public policy contexts. Full article

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16 pages, 326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association Between Social Networking Service Use and Body Image Among Elementary School Children in Japan

by Asami Baba, Masumi Suzuki, Rikako Yoshitake, Yumiko Inose and Naomi Omi

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070125 - 7 Jul 2025

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Abstract

The number of studies suggesting that social networking services (SNSs) use poses a risk to children’s body image continue to expand, but most studies have focused on adolescents. The study aimed to examine the associations between SNS use and body image among elementary [...] Read more.

The number of studies suggesting that social networking services (SNSs) use poses a risk to children’s body image continue to expand, but most studies have focused on adolescents. The study aimed to examine the associations between SNS use and body image among elementary school children in Japan. This study examined the relationship between SNSs use and body size perception and preference, body size misperception, and ideal body image among 1261 preadolescents (611 boys and 650 girls), aged 8–12 years (mean age = 9.64; SD =1.15; 52% girls), separately by sex. Using hierarchical multivariate linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses, we examined body image factors and SNS use as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. Findings indicate that children who use SNSs do not significantly differ from nonusers regarding body dissatisfaction. However, SNS use is positively associated with body size misperception in girls. Additionally, for boys and girls, SNS use seems to increase the likelihood of admiring the body image of media figures rather than friends or classmates. Understanding how SNS use influences body image remains important for promoting healthy development in children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Social Media on Public Health and Education)

15 pages, 575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Science Self-Efficacy Scale for STEMM Undergraduates

by Jayashri Srinivasan, Krystle P. Cobian and Minjeong Jeon

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070124 - 4 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Biomedical research training initiatives need rigorous evaluation to achieve national goals of supporting a robust workforce in the biomedical sciences. Higher science self-efficacy is associated with the likelihood of pursuing a science-related research career, but we know little about the psychometric properties of [...] Read more.

Biomedical research training initiatives need rigorous evaluation to achieve national goals of supporting a robust workforce in the biomedical sciences. Higher science self-efficacy is associated with the likelihood of pursuing a science-related research career, but we know little about the psychometric properties of this construct. In this study, we report on a comprehensive validation study of the Science Self-Efficacy Scale using a robust sample of 10,029 undergraduates enrolled across 11 higher education institutions that were part of a biomedical training initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health in the United States. We found the scale to be unidimensional with an Omega hierarchical (ω_h) reliability coefficient of 0.86 and a marginal reliability of 0.91. Within the item response theory framework, we did not detect variation in item parameters across undergraduates’ race/ethnicity; however, one item had parameters that varied across gender identity. We determined that the Science Self-Efficacy Scale can be employed across undergraduates enrolled in science, and researchers can use the scale across a diverse group of students. Implications include ensuring that the scale functions consistently across diverse populations, enhancing the validity of conclusions that can be drawn from survey data analysis. Validating this construct with item response theory models strengthens its use for future research. Full article

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15 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emotional Intelligence in Gen Z Teaching Undergraduates: The Impact of Physical Activity and Biopsychosocial Factors

by Daniel Sanz-Martín, Rafael Francisco Caracuel-Cáliz, José Manuel Alonso-Vargas and Irwin A. Ramírez-Granizo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070123 - 4 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Emotional intelligence is a crucial determinant of socioemotional adaptation, psychological well-being and healthy habits in a population, although it has been barely studied in Generation Z. Therefore, the following research objectives were established: (1) to measure the levels of attention, clarity and emotional [...] Read more.

Emotional intelligence is a crucial determinant of socioemotional adaptation, psychological well-being and healthy habits in a population, although it has been barely studied in Generation Z. Therefore, the following research objectives were established: (1) to measure the levels of attention, clarity and emotional repair of Spanish university students in teaching undergraduates and (2) to design predictive models of emotional intelligence considering sex, anthropometric measurements, physical activity and the use of social networks as factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the involvement of Spanish teaching undergraduates. An online questionnaire integrating sociodemographic questions, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Trait Meta-State Mood Scale TMMS-24 and Social Network Addiction Scale SNAddS-6S were administered. University students exhibited higher levels of emotional attention (30.32 ± 6.08) than those of emotional clarity (28.18 ± 6.34) and emotional repair (28.51 ± 6.02). Most students use X, Pinterest, TikTok, Instagram, YouTube and WhatsApp most days of the week. There are positive relationships between attention and emotional clarity (r = 0.33; p ≤ 0.001), attention and emotional repair (r = 0.18; p ≤ 0.001) and clarity and emotional repair (r = 0.44; p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, males have higher levels of emotional clarity and emotional repair, but females show higher levels of emotional attention. The model with the highest explanatory power is the one obtained for men’s emotional attention. Full article

28 pages, 642 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Contextual Emotions in Organizations: A Latent Profile Analysis of Their Co-Occurrence and Their Effects on Employee Well-Being

by Laura Petitta, Lixin Jiang and Valerio Ghezzi

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070122 - 2 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Workplace contextual emotions are structured ways of emotionally thinking about specific cues in the context that employees share within their organization. These dynamics reflect how employees emotionally interpret and respond to organizational environments. Contextual emotions may shape working relationships into different types of [...] Read more.

Workplace contextual emotions are structured ways of emotionally thinking about specific cues in the context that employees share within their organization. These dynamics reflect how employees emotionally interpret and respond to organizational environments. Contextual emotions may shape working relationships into different types of toxic emotional dynamics (e.g., claiming, controlling, distrusting, provoking) or, conversely, positive emotional dynamics (i.e., exchanging), thus setting the emotional tone that affects employees’ actions and their level of comfort/discomfort. The present study uses latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify subpopulations of employees who may experience differing levels of both positive and negative emotional dynamics (i.e., different configurations of emotional patterns of workplace behavior). Moreover, it examines whether the emergent profiles predict work-related (i.e., job satisfaction, burnout) and health-related outcomes (i.e., sleep disturbances, physical and mental health). Using data from 801 Italian employees, we identified four latent profiles: “functional dynamics” (low toxic emotions and high exchange), “dialectical dynamics” (co-existence of medium toxic emotions and medium exchange), “mild dysfunctional dynamics” (moderately high toxic emotions and low exchange), and “highly dysfunctional dynamics” (extremely high toxic emotions and extremely low exchange). Moreover, employees in the dialectical, mild dysfunctional, and highly dysfunctional groups reported progressively higher levels of poor health outcomes and progressively lower levels of satisfaction, whereas the functional group was at low risk of stress and was the most satisfied group. The theoretical and practical implications of the LPA-classified emotional patterns of workplace behavior are discussed in light of the relevance of identifying vulnerable subpopulations of employees diversely exposed to toxic configurations of emotional/relational ambience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Health Challenges: Mapping Psychosocial Factors Driving Healthy Organizations)

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16 pages, 596 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Diversity Inclusion Practices in the Workplace Context: The Effect of Inclusive Leadership

by Silvia Platania, Claudio Maggio and Marcello Boccadamo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070121 - 2 Jul 2025

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Abstract

The present study explores the predictive role of organisational identification in shaping both positive and negative employee responses and the potential mediating influence of diversity climate and inclusive leadership within this relationship. Specifically, it examines how employees’ organisational identification influences their perceptions of [...] Read more.

The present study explores the predictive role of organisational identification in shaping both positive and negative employee responses and the potential mediating influence of diversity climate and inclusive leadership within this relationship. Specifically, it examines how employees’ organisational identification influences their perceptions of diversity climate and inclusive leadership and how these factors, in turn, mediate their responses to organisational dissatisfaction. This study involved 307 participants from the Italian public administration who were administered a questionnaire to measure organisational identification, inclusive leadership (Inclusive Leadership Scale), the diversity climate within the organisation, and behaviours according to the EVLN model. The results indicate a direct effect of organisational identification on both the positive (Voice and Loyalty) and negative (Exit and Neglect) responses of the EVLN model. Organisational identification has a positive effect on the diversity climate. Moreover, the diversity climate mediates the relationship between organisational identification and loyalty, while inclusive leadership mediates the relationship between organisational identification and both disengagement and the willingness to address issues. These findings underscore the central role of organisational identification in shaping employees’ behavioural responses to dissatisfaction by influencing their perceptions of diversity climate and inclusive leadership. This highlights the importance of strengthening organisational identification to foster constructive behaviours and mitigate negative responses in diverse and inclusive work contexts. Full article

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20 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Self-Regulation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Mixed Analysis of the Impact of a Training Program for Psychologists

by André Oliveira, Inês Castro, Ana Guimarães, Sofia Vidal, Maria Carneiro, Beatriz Magalhães, Pedro Rosário and Armanda Pereira

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070120 - 26 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can impair self-regulatory skills. Narrative-based tools, such as “The Incredible Adventures of Anastácio, the Explorer”, have shown promise in fostering these competencies in children with cerebral palsy. This study evaluated a training program for psychologists using [...] Read more.

Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can impair self-regulatory skills. Narrative-based tools, such as “The Incredible Adventures of Anastácio, the Explorer”, have shown promise in fostering these competencies in children with cerebral palsy. This study evaluated a training program for psychologists using a story-based intervention to promote self-regulation skills in children with cerebral palsy. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design assessed declarative and procedural knowledge and self-efficacy changes. Seventeen psychologists completed a three-level program: Level 1 included sociodemographic and declarative knowledge assessments (pre/post); Level 2 focused on self-efficacy (pre/post) and a procedural knowledge task; and Level 3 reassessed self-efficacy (post 2). Semi-structured interviews explored participants’ experiences qualitatively. Results showed a significant increase in declarative knowledge, confirming the effectiveness of training. All participants demonstrated positive levels of procedural knowledge despite individual variations. Self-efficacy did not increase significantly, likely due to the tool’s high initial score and novelty. Qualitative findings highlighted the value of balancing theoretical and practical components in training. Although self-efficacy gains were limited, the program enhanced psychologists’ declarative and procedural knowledge. Findings suggest that narrative-based training may help professionals update their knowledge and practices, supporting the promotion of self-regulatory skills in children with cerebral palsy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, Well-Being, and Belonging in Education across the Disciplines)

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20 pages, 613 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Attitudes Towards Disability in University Settings: A Quasi-Experimental Study

by Luisa Gámez-Calvo, Margarita Gozalo, Miguel A. Hernández-Mocholí and Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070119 - 25 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Inclusive Education emphasizes equal opportunities for all students by reducing or eliminating barriers that hinder participation and learning, encompassing cultural, social, practical, and political dimensions. In this context, the development of positive attitudes towards disability is a key component for the success of [...] Read more.

Inclusive Education emphasizes equal opportunities for all students by reducing or eliminating barriers that hinder participation and learning, encompassing cultural, social, practical, and political dimensions. In this context, the development of positive attitudes towards disability is a key component for the success of inclusive educational practices, particularly in adapted physical education. Following a prior analysis of the impact of academic curricula on attitudes toward disability, the need to implement training programs focused on attitudes toward disability becomes evident. The aim of this study is to analyze how a training program, with a specific focus on attitudes toward disability, affect the attitudes among university students. A quasi-experimental approach with a control group was employed to evaluate the impact of the training. A total of 137 University students from Extremadura, across Physical Activity and Sport Science and Early Childhood Education programs within the same educational department, participated in this study. The Spanish Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities Scale for Professionals was administered to students at the beginning, after the theoretical intervention, and after having a guided contact with people with disability. Results revealed improvements in attitudes in the social relationships and normalized life dimensions, as well as in the total score, particularly among students from Early Childhood Education. No significant changes were observed in the intervention program dimension. Within-group analysis indicated significant longitudinal improvements in normalized life for both experimental groups, Sports Science and Early Childhood Education students, and in the total score for Early Childhood Education students by the end of the intervention. These findings highlight the importance of targeted training interventions in promoting inclusive attitudes, especially when direct contact with individuals with disabilities is incorporated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, Well-Being, and Belonging in Education across the Disciplines)

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14 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Health Status, Chronic Conditions, and Mental Fatigue on College Students’ Grade Expectations in Online Courses

by Fethi Ahmet Inan, Deniz Unal, Fatemeh Marzban, Edwin Teye Sosi and Gail Alleyne Bayne

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070118 - 25 Jun 2025

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Abstract

This study explores the impact of mental fatigue, health status, and chronic conditions on college students’ grade expectations in online courses. Data were gathered from 418 undergraduate students through an online survey assessing mental fatigue and other relevant variables. Path analysis was used [...] Read more.

This study explores the impact of mental fatigue, health status, and chronic conditions on college students’ grade expectations in online courses. Data were gathered from 418 undergraduate students through an online survey assessing mental fatigue and other relevant variables. Path analysis was used to examine the relationships between these variables and the proposed research model. Key findings revealed that mental fatigue had a significant negative direct effect on expected grades, indicating that higher mental fatigue was associated with lower grade expectations. Health status demonstrated a positive indirect effect on grade expectations by negatively impacting mental fatigue. Chronic conditions had a significant negative direct impact on expected grades and a significant negative direct impact on health status, but no direct significant impact on mental fatigue. These results emphasize the critical need for comprehensive support services that address mental fatigue and health conditions to enhance student well-being and academic progress and performance in online learning environments. Additionally, the findings suggest the need for inclusive course designs that minimize cognitive overload and provide flexible support for students with chronic conditions. Full article

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15 pages, 355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Coparenting Relationship Scale in Ecuadorian Parents

by Verónica Paredes, Andrés Ramírez, María José Rodríguez-Reyes, Luis Burgos-Benavides and Francisco Javier Herrero-Diez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070117 - 25 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Background: The Coparenting Relationship Scale is a robust tool for assessing the quality of coparenting, with evidence of validity and reliability tested in diverse cultural and population contexts. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coparenting [...] Read more.

Background: The Coparenting Relationship Scale is a robust tool for assessing the quality of coparenting, with evidence of validity and reliability tested in diverse cultural and population contexts. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coparenting Relationship Scale in Ecuadorian fathers and mothers in order to determine its validity and reliability in the specific cultural context of Ecuador. Method: An instrumental study was carried out by analyzing psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 867 participants from the province of Azuay, most of whom were women (66.8%), with a mean age of 35.4 years. Participants completed the Coparenting Relationship Scale. Results: The findings revealed adequate reliability of the scale in the Ecuadorian sample. In addition, factor analysis showed that the scale structure remained consistent in this sample, suggesting that the items grouped in the dimensions established by the original scale retain their validity in this specific context. Significant factor loadings consistent with the theoretical dimensions of the scale were observed, reinforcing its construct validity. The sixth model (M6), with three factors and 22 items, showed a good fit (χ²= 399.43, df = 206, χ²/df = 1.94, p = 0.136), with adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.990, GFI = 0.996), a low approximation error (RMSEA = 0.033, 95% CI = [0.028–0.038]), and good residual fit (SRMR = 0.047). Additionally, the ECVI was 0.623. Conclusions: The Coparenting Relationship Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing coparenting dynamics in Ecuadorian parents, providing a solid basis for interventions and policies aimed at strengthening family well-being in Ecuador. Full article

15 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Construction and Validation of Pathways to Sustainable Participation in Outdoor Activities Among Chinese Elderly Individuals

by Jia Wei, Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof and Shureen Faris Abdul Shukor

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(7), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15070116 - 20 Jun 2025

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to propose an analysis pathway that illustrates the psychological mechanism and corresponding environmental motivators affecting the frequency and duration of outdoor activity participation among older adults in China. Firstly, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) theory and [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to propose an analysis pathway that illustrates the psychological mechanism and corresponding environmental motivators affecting the frequency and duration of outdoor activity participation among older adults in China. Firstly, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) theory and the environmental psychological approach, a literature review was conducted to select the model variables and ensure that they correspond to the requirements of the stage of change construct and the temporal dimension of the TTM theory. Secondly, the variables mentioned above were rearranged according to the perception, action, experience, and emotion stages of the individual psychological mechanism process and the environmental quality improvement outcome to develop the hypothetical model. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the hypotheses and validate the model based on the survey data collected in Chengdu City, China. Finally, a total of 372 valid questionnaires were received. After analyzing the collected data, the configuration index relationship of the hypothesis model was validated. In conclusion: Through slicing control of environmental factors in diverse human-environmental interaction stages under the guidance of the stage-based behavioral analysis discipline, this study explores an analysis pathway for upgrading outdoor environment facilities to enhance the attraction and attachment characteristics of the environment and, in turn, promote the sustainability of the outdoor activities performed by older people. Full article

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Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 15, Issue 7 (July 2025) – 28 articles

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