Photonics, Volume 8, Issue 7

Metals are commonly used in plasmonic devices because of their strong plasmonic property. However, such properties are not easily tuned. For applications such as spatial light modulators and beam steering, tunable plasmonic properties are essential,...

Physical unclonable functions have been shown to be a useful resource of randomness for implementing various cryptographic tasks including entity authentication. All the related entity authentication protocols that have been discussed in the literatu...

Photocurable three-dimensional (3D) printing is a stepwise layer-by-layer fabrication process widely used in the manufacture of highly specialized objects. Current 3D printing techniques are easily implemented; however, the build rate is slow and the...

Ultrasound imaging, one of the common diagnosis techniques, is frequently used since it is safe, cost-efficient technique and real-time imaging can be conducted. However, various organs and tissues reflect ultrasonic waves, which leads to difficulty...

Angles subtended at the second nodal point of the eye (NP2) are approximately the same as input visual angles over a very large angular range, despite the nodal point being a paraxial lens property. Raytracing using an average pseudophakic eye showed...

We study, theoretically, the phenomena optical bistability and multistability of a hybrid quantum-plasmonic system immersed within an optical ring cavity. The hybrid quantum-plasmonic system consists of a three-level V-type quantum emitter and a two-...

Recently, there has been increased interest in the shaping of light fields with an inverse energy flux to guide optically trapped nano- and microparticles towards a radiation source. To generate inverse energy flux, non-uniformly polarized laser beam...

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is able to provide extremely high molecular contrast while maintaining the superior imaging depth of ultrasound (US) imaging. Conventional microscopic PA imaging has limited access to deeper tissue due to strong light scatt...

Raman spectroscopy has shown great potential in detecting nonmelanoma skin cancer accurately and quickly; however, little direct evidence exists on the sensitivity of measurements to the underlying anatomy. Here, we aimed to correlate Raman measureme...

In order to achieve non-cooperative target tracking and ranging in conditions of a weak echo signal, this paper presents a real-time acquisition, pointing, tracking (APT), and ranging (APTR) lidar system based on single photon detection. With this sy...

We present and analyze a simple model based on six rate equations for an electrically pumped organic diode laser. The model applies to organic host-guest systems and includes Stoke-shifted reabsorption in a self-consistent manner. With the validated...

Computer holography is a technology that use a mathematical model of optical holography to generate digital holograms. It has wide and promising applications in various areas, especially holographic display. However, traditional computational algorit...

The coherent noise always exists in digital holographic microscopy due to the laser source, degrading the image quality. A method of speckle suppression using the dynamic speckle illumination, produced by double-moving diffusers, is presented in digi...

This paper describes a novel optical system that can be integrated to the image port of an existing brightfield microscope in order to enhance the microscope with the features of digital holographic microscopy. The proposed system is modular and port...

Myopes exhibit a larger capability of adaptation to defocus. Adaptation produces a boost in visual performance that can be characterized through different metrics. The ability of myopes to adapt to other sources of blur, such as diffusion, has not be...

A short overview on 3D live cell imaging is given. Relevant samples are described and various problems and challenges—including 3D imaging by optical sectioning, light scattering and phototoxicity—are addressed. Furthermore, enhanced methods of wide-...

Fluorescence imaging is an important and efficient tool in cell biology and biomedical research. In order to observe the dynamics of biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins in live cells, it is extremely necessary to surpass the Abbe...

The interaction of electrons with strong laser fields is usually treated with semiclassical theory, where the laser is represented by an external field. There are analytic solutions for the free electron wave functions, which incorporate the interact...

The traditional microscopic speckle interferometer has limited applications in engineering due to its small field of view. In this paper, we propose a large-field microscopic speckle interferometer which embeds two doublet lens groups in the improved...

Light-trapping nanostructures have been widely used for improving solar cells’ performance, but the higher surface recombination and poor electrode contact introduced need to be addressed. In this work, silicon nanostructures were synthesized via sil...

In this paper, we reported a theoretical study of a novel Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor composed of BK7 prism, gold (Au)/silver (Ag) bimetallic layer, silicon and two-dimensional (2D) materials. The bimetallic layer combines the advantage...

The development of electrically pumped semiconductor diode lasers emitting at the ultraviolet (UV)-B and -C spectral bands has been an active area of research over the past several years, motivated by a wide range of emerging applications. III-Nitrid...

Through a computational model, we study the coherence converting capabilities of an array of holes in a surface plasmon-supporting metal plate, with an eye towards the creation of controlled coherence plasmonic light sources. We evaluate how the aver...

Traditional microscopy provides only for a small set of magnifications using a finite set of microscope objectives. Here, a novel architecture is proposed for quantitative phase microscopy that requires only a simple adaptation of the traditional off...

In-fiber interferometric-based sensors are a rapidly growing field, as these sensors exhibit many desirable characteristics compared to their regular fiber-optic counterparts and are being implemented in many promising devices. These sensors have the...

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer advantages such as lower relative cost, smaller size, and lower operating voltages compared to photomultiplier tubes. A SiPM’s readout circuit topology can significantly affect the characteristics of an imaging...

Distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) has been widely studied in recent decades because of its low noise figure and flexible gain. In this paper, we present a novel scheme of DRA with broadband amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) source as pump instead o...

Thermal noise in optical cavities sets a fundamental limit to the frequency instability of ultra-stable lasers. Numata et al. derived three equations based on strain energy and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem to estimate the thermal noise contrib...

Is it possible to obtain good results in myopia of 2 or fewer diopters (D) with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) changing the optical zone and epithelium thickness? We retrospectively analyzed two groups of 296 eyes with a minim...

Optical generation of high-order harmonics is a prototypical example of nonlinear light–matter interactions in the high-field regime. Quantum optical effects have recently been demonstrated to have a significant influence on this phenomenon. These fi...

Conventional optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes, such as adaptively biased optical OFDM (ABO-OFDM) and hybrid asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (HACO-OFDM), are unable to tap all the resources of the subcarriers and o...

In this paper, we consider the comparative formation of perfect optical vortices in the non-paraxial mode using various optical elements: non-paraxial and parabolic toroidal vortex lenses, as well as a vortex axicon in combination with a parabolic le...

Nonlinear dynamics of an optical pulse or a beam continue to be one of the active areas of research in the field of optical solitons. Especially, in multi-mode fibers or fiber arrays and photorefractive materials, the vector solitons display rich non...

A high-Q-factor tunable silica-based microring resonator (MRR) is demonstrated. To meet the critical-coupling condition, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as the tunable coupler was integrated with a racetrack resonator. Then, 40 mW electronic powe...

Digital holography is a very efficient technique for 3D imaging and the characterization of changes at the surfaces of objects. However, during the process of holographic interferometry, the reconstructed phase images suffer from speckle noise. In th...

A hybrid fiber/wireless link based on a single visible LED and free of opto-electronic intermediate conversion stages has been demonstrated for indoor communications. This paper shows the main guidelines for proper coupling in fiber/air/detector inte...

This paper proposes the use of digital-grating moiré effect for measuring the focal lengths and radius of curvatures of biconvex and biconcave spherical simple lenses and spherical mirrors. Based on Fresnel diffraction, the equation for the electric...

Industrial processes involving thermal plasma such as cutting, welding, laser machining with ultra-short laser pulses (nonequilibrium conditions), high temperature melting using electrical discharge or ion-beams, etc., generate non-repeatable fast tr...

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light provides a new degree of freedom for carrying information. The stable propagation and generation of OAM modes are necessary for the fields of OAM-based optical communications and microscopies. In this revie...

In this paper, we present a multicolor display via referenceless phase holography (RELPH). RELPH permits the display of full optical wave fields (amplitude and phase) using two liquid crystal phase-only spatial light modulators in a Michelson-interfe...

Three different Terahertz quantum-cascade-laser designs supporting clean n-level systems were analyzed using nonequilibrium Green’s functions. In clean n-level systems, most of the electrons occupy the active laser levels, with thermally activated le...

A novel liquid-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber model applicable in liquid sensing for different test liquids—water, ethanol and benzene—has been proposed. One core hole and three air hole rings have been designed and a full vector finite element m...

This review paper summarizes our previous findings regarding propagation characteristics of band-gap temporal solitons in photonic crystal waveguides with Kerr-type nonlinearity and a realization of functional and easily scalable all-optical NOT, AND...

In this paper, a trench-assisted low-bending-loss large-mode-field-area multi-core fiber with air hole is proposed, which can achieve dual-mode transmission. The influence of structural parameters on fiber performance is analyzed systematically, and...

In view of wide applications of vector light with a non-uniform polarization state, a compound vector light generator is proposed to generate compound vector light. One compound vector light contains two or more non-uniform polarization modes and sev...

A kind of plasmonic structure consisted of an equilateral triangle-shaped cavity (ETSC) and a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is proposed to realize triple Fano resonances. Numerically simulated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) metho...

Real-time measurement of plastic film thickness during production is extremely important to guarantee planarity of the final film. Standard techniques are based on capacitive measurements, in close contact with the film. These techniques require cont...

Given that the current ultraviolet (UV) networking model is established in a regular circular area, this article studies the coverage of a UV non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication network creatively in the arbitrary polygon area. In this paper, the...

Color digital holography (DH) has been researched in various fields such as the holographic camera and holographic microscope because it acquires a realistic color object wave by measuring both amplitude and phase. Among the methods for color DH, the...

Electro-optic (EO) Bragg deflectors have been extensively used in a variety of applications. Recent developments show that bandwidths and deflection efficiencies, as well as angular bandwidths, would significantly limit the utilization of EO Bragg de...