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Inorganics
Volume 11
Issue 12
10.3390/inorganics11120451
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Article

A Combination of Ruthenium Complexes and Photosensitizers to Treat Colorectal Cancer

by
Jacquie Massoud
1,
Aline Pinon
1,
Manuel Gallardo-Villagrán
1,2,
Lucie Paulus
1,
Catherine Ouk
3,
Claire Carrion
3,
Sayed Antoun
4,
Mona Diab-Assaf
5,
Bruno Therrien
2,* and
Bertrand Liagre
1,*
1
Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France
2
Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
3
Université de Limoges, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Limoges, BISCEm, UAR 2015, US 42, F-87000 Limoges, France
4
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lebanese University, Beyrouth 21219, Lebanon
5
Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath El Jebbeh, Beyrouth 21219, Lebanon
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Inorganics 2023, 11(12), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11120451
Submission received: 26 September 2023 / Revised: 9 November 2023 / Accepted: 16 November 2023 / Published: 22 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Design of Pharmacologically Active Metal-Based Compounds)
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Abstract

Treatment regimens are regularly evolving alongside novel therapies and drugs. Such evolution is necessary to circumvent resistance mechanisms and to give patients the best possible health care. When dealing with cancer, most regimens involve multiple treatments (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.). The purpose of this study was to associate in a single compound metal-based drugs and photosensitizers to combine chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Two arene–ruthenium tetrapyridylporphyrin compounds (2H-TPyP-arene-Ru and Zn-TPyP-arene-Ru) have been synthesized and evaluated on two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29). Their cytotoxicity and phototoxicity have been evaluated. In addition, the anticancer mechanism and the cell death process mediated by the two compounds were studied. The results showed that the two arene–ruthenium photosensitizer-containing complexes have a strong phototoxic effect after photoactivation. The 2H-TPyP-arene-Ru complex induced outstanding cytotoxicity when compared to the Zn-TPyP-arene-Ru analogue. Moreover, under light, these two arene–ruthenium photosensitizers induce an apoptotic process in human colorectal cancer cell lines.
Keywords: colorectal cancer; photodynamic therapy; apoptosis; porphyrin; metalla-assemblies; arene ruthenium; chemotherapy colorectal cancer; photodynamic therapy; apoptosis; porphyrin; metalla-assemblies; arene ruthenium; chemotherapy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Massoud, J.; Pinon, A.; Gallardo-Villagrán, M.; Paulus, L.; Ouk, C.; Carrion, C.; Antoun, S.; Diab-Assaf, M.; Therrien, B.; Liagre, B. A Combination of Ruthenium Complexes and Photosensitizers to Treat Colorectal Cancer. Inorganics 2023, 11, 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11120451

AMA Style

Massoud J, Pinon A, Gallardo-Villagrán M, Paulus L, Ouk C, Carrion C, Antoun S, Diab-Assaf M, Therrien B, Liagre B. A Combination of Ruthenium Complexes and Photosensitizers to Treat Colorectal Cancer. Inorganics. 2023; 11(12):451. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11120451

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massoud, Jacquie, Aline Pinon, Manuel Gallardo-Villagrán, Lucie Paulus, Catherine Ouk, Claire Carrion, Sayed Antoun, Mona Diab-Assaf, Bruno Therrien, and Bertrand Liagre. 2023. "A Combination of Ruthenium Complexes and Photosensitizers to Treat Colorectal Cancer" Inorganics 11, no. 12: 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11120451

APA Style

Massoud, J., Pinon, A., Gallardo-Villagrán, M., Paulus, L., Ouk, C., Carrion, C., Antoun, S., Diab-Assaf, M., Therrien, B., & Liagre, B. (2023). A Combination of Ruthenium Complexes and Photosensitizers to Treat Colorectal Cancer. Inorganics, 11(12), 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11120451

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