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10.3390/foods11233842
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Article

Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study

by
Maria Hatjiathanassiadou
1,
Camila Valdejane Silva de Souza
2,
Diôgo Vale
3,
Natalie Marinho Dantas
4,
Yasmim Bezerra Batista
5,
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
4,
Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima
1,5,
Clélia de Oliveira Lyra
1,5,
Priscilla Moura Rolim
1,5 and
Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá Seabra
1,5,*
1
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
2
Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
3
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59015-300, RN, Brazil
4
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
5
Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2022, 11(23), 3842; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233842
Submission received: 12 October 2022 / Revised: 8 November 2022 / Accepted: 10 November 2022 / Published: 28 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Food Security and Sustainability)
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Abstract

The analysis of dietary environmental impacts has proven to be an important tool for guiding the adoption of healthier and more sustainable diets. This study aimed to estimate the dietary carbon (CF), water (WF), and ecological (EF) footprints of residents in the city of Natal, Brazil; the study also aimed to verify their association with socioeconomic factors and food purchase practices. This is a cross-sectional study that used dietary data from 411 adults and elderlies, which was collected via a questionnaire that applied to the respondents. The results showed that the dietary CF was 1901.88 g CO2 eq/day/1000 kcal, the WF was 1834.03 L/day/1000 kcal, and the EF was 14.29 m2/day/1000 kcal. The highest environmental footprint values showed an association (p ≤ 0.05) with the factors of male sex, white ethnicity, and higher income and schooling, whereas the lowest environmental footprint values were associated with social vulnerability variables such as female sex, non-white ethnicity, and lower income and schooling (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, people with lower environmental footprints consumed less fast food, had fewer meals at snack bars, and used food delivery services less often than those with higher footprints. The foods that most contributed to the CFs and WFs were beef and chicken, while fish and beef contribute the most to the EFs. The data in the present study show that a diet with a lower environmental impact is not always equal to a sustainable diet. This relationship is paradoxical and relates to food justice, as people with lower environmental footprint values are the same ones with worse socioeconomic conditions. In this sense, is it essential to consider the influence of the social context when assessing dietary environmental impacts and when assessing actions that promote healthier and more sustainable diets.
Keywords: sustainable diet; food consumption; environmental impact; water footprint; carbon footprint; ecological footprint sustainable diet; food consumption; environmental impact; water footprint; carbon footprint; ecological footprint
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MDPI and ACS Style

Hatjiathanassiadou, M.; de Souza, C.V.S.; Vale, D.; Dantas, N.M.; Batista, Y.B.; Marchioni, D.M.L.; Lima, S.C.V.C.; Lyra, C.d.O.; Rolim, P.M.; Seabra, L.M.J. Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study. Foods 2022, 11, 3842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233842

AMA Style

Hatjiathanassiadou M, de Souza CVS, Vale D, Dantas NM, Batista YB, Marchioni DML, Lima SCVC, Lyra CdO, Rolim PM, Seabra LMJ. Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study. Foods. 2022; 11(23):3842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233842

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatjiathanassiadou, Maria, Camila Valdejane Silva de Souza, Diôgo Vale, Natalie Marinho Dantas, Yasmim Bezerra Batista, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni, Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima, Clélia de Oliveira Lyra, Priscilla Moura Rolim, and Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá Seabra. 2022. "Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study" Foods 11, no. 23: 3842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233842

APA Style

Hatjiathanassiadou, M., de Souza, C. V. S., Vale, D., Dantas, N. M., Batista, Y. B., Marchioni, D. M. L., Lima, S. C. V. C., Lyra, C. d. O., Rolim, P. M., & Seabra, L. M. J. (2022). Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study. Foods, 11(23), 3842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233842

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