Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis by Rumex vesicarius Extract and Its Applicability against Foodborne Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of ARLE
2.3. Analysis of the ARLE
2.4. AgNPs’ Biosynthesis
2.5. Characterization of ARLE-AgNPs
2.6. Antibacterial Activity of ARLE-AgNPs
2.6.1. Bacterial Inoculums Preparation
2.6.2. Antimicrobial Activity Measurement
2.7. Synergistic Activity of ARLE-AgNPs
2.8. Antioxidant Activity of ARLE-AgNPs
2.8.1. DPPH Scavenging Activity
2.8.2. Nitric Oxide (NO) Radical Scavenging Activity
2.8.3. Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Assay
2.9. In Vitro Biocompatibility Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Identification of ARLE Polyphenolic Compounds
3.2. Characterization of ARLE-AgNPs
3.3. ARLE-AgNPs’ Antimicrobial Activity
3.4. Synergistic Activity of ARLE-AgNPs
3.5. Antioxidant Activity of ARLE-AgNPs
3.6. Biocompatibility Study
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phenolic Compound | % of the Total | Phenolic Compound | % of the Total |
---|---|---|---|
Gallic | 2.80 | caffeic | 1.84 |
Protocatechuic | 5.19 | Vanillic | 3.93 |
Pyrogallol | 23.32 | Caffeine | 2.60 |
Epicatechin gallate | 27.42 | Ferulic | 1.61 |
Chlorogenic | 4.09 | Β-OH Benzoic | 10.80 |
Catechin | 11.45 | Epi-catechin | 4.95 |
Bacteria | Inhibition Zones (mm) | MIC (µg/mL) | MBC (µg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
Gram-negative bacteria | |||
Escherichia coli ATCC25721 | 26 ± 3 a | 5.19 e | 46 e |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27843 | 22 ± 2 b | 14.07 d | 61 d |
Gram-positive bacteria | |||
Streptococcus gordonii ATCC49716 | 18 ± 3 d | 46.41 b | 92 c |
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC700813 | 16 ± 2 e | 61.00 a | 101 b |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC4342 | 20 ± 2 c | 40.13 c | 119 a |
Bacteria | Inhibition Zones (mm) | Fold Increase % = [(b − a)/a] × 100 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ampicillin (a) | ARLE | Ampicillin + ARLE-AgNPs (b) | ||
Escherichia coli ATCC25721 | 19 | 10 | 32 | 68.42 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27843 | 15 | 5 | 26 | 73.33 |
Streptococcus gordonii ATCC49716 | 16 | 7 | 21 | 31.25 |
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC700813 | 14 | 5 | 18 | 28.57 |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC4342 | 18 | 8 | 25 | 38.89 |
Overall synergistic antibacterial effect (%) = 48.09 |
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Elsebaie, E.M.; El-Wakeil, N.H.M.; Khalil, A.M.M.; Bahnasy, R.M.; Asker, G.A.; El-Hassnin, M.F.; Ibraheim, S.S.; El-Farsy, M.F.A.; Faramawy, A.A.; Essa, R.Y.; et al. Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis by Rumex vesicarius Extract and Its Applicability against Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2023, 12, 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091746
Elsebaie EM, El-Wakeil NHM, Khalil AMM, Bahnasy RM, Asker GA, El-Hassnin MF, Ibraheim SS, El-Farsy MFA, Faramawy AA, Essa RY, et al. Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis by Rumex vesicarius Extract and Its Applicability against Foodborne Pathogens. Foods. 2023; 12(9):1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091746
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsebaie, Essam Mohamed, Nora Hamdy Mouhamed El-Wakeil, Azhar Mostafa Mohamed Khalil, Rasha M. Bahnasy, Galila Ali Asker, Marwa Fawzy El-Hassnin, Suzan S. Ibraheim, Marwa Fawzi Ahmed El-Farsy, Asmaa Antar Faramawy, Rowida Younis Essa, and et al. 2023. "Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis by Rumex vesicarius Extract and Its Applicability against Foodborne Pathogens" Foods 12, no. 9: 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091746