Influences of Weizmannia coagulans PR06 Fermentation on Texture, Cooking Quality and Starch Digestibility of Oolong Tea-Fortified Rice Noodles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Preparation of Fermented Rice Noodles
2.3. Microstructure Observation
2.3.1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
2.3.2. Fluorescence Microscope
2.4. Texture Measurement
2.5. Determination of Cooking Quality
2.6. Measurement of Starch Characteristics
2.6.1. Chain Length Distribution of Amylopectin
2.6.2. Short-Range Ordered Structure of Starch
2.6.3. In Vitro Digestibility of Starch
2.7. Measurement of Rheological Properties
2.7.1. Determination of the Viscosity-Temperature Curve
2.7.2. Dynamic Frequency Sweep Tests
2.8. Analysis of Thermal Properties
2.9. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity
2.9.1. Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC)
2.9.2. Antioxidant Capacity
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Appearance and Microstructure of Rice Noodles
3.2. Texture Profile of Rice Noodles
3.3. Cooking Quality of Rice Noodles
3.4. Starch Characteristics of Rice Noodles
3.4.1. Chain Length Distribution of Amylopectin
3.4.2. Short-Range Ordered Structure of Starch
3.4.3. In Vitro Digestibility of Starch
3.5. Rheological Properties of Rice Noodles
3.6. Thermodynamic Property of Rice Noodles
3.7. Antioxidant Capacity of Rice Noodles
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Control | W. coagulans PR06 Fermented Samples with Different IA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1% | 3% | 5% | ||
Hardness (g) | 3468.95 ± 576.28 a | 3679.43 ± 454.88 a | 4019.51 ± 449.28 a | 4264.92 ± 220.53 a |
Springiness | 0.70 ± 0.06 a | 0.81 ± 0.09 ab | 0.97 ± 0.09 b | 0.91 ± 0.04 b |
Cohesiveness | 0.83 ± 0.06 a | 0.95 ± 0.08 a | 0.99 ± 0.05 a | 0.94 ± 0.09 a |
Gumminess | 2914.50 ± 696.11 a | 3469.07 ± 413.03 a | 3972.56 ± 508.05 a | 4007.82 ± 520.39 a |
Chewiness | 2025.55 ± 455.00 a | 2803.27 ± 303.67 a | 3798.74 ± 199.48 b | 3731.31 ± 546.70 b |
Resilience | 1.18 ± 0.09 a | 1.37 ± 0.09 a | 1.35 ± 0.08 a | 1.33 ± 0.07 a |
Characteristic | Control | W. coagulans PR06 Fermented Samples with Different IA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1% | 3% | 5% | ||
Broken strip rate (%) | 5.7 ± 0.4 d | 4.5 ± 0.6 c | 3.2 ± 0.3 b | 2.4 ± 0.4 a |
Cooking loss (%) | 4.8 ± 0.2 b | 4.3 ± 0.2 b | 3.3 ± 0.5 a | 3.6 ± 0.4 a |
Water absorption (%) | 191.7 ± 3.1 b | 185.7 ± 6.0 ab | 179.3 ± 5.1 a | 178.7 ± 6.5 a |
Cooking time (s) | 164.3 ± 4.0 a | 187.7 ± 2.1 b | 225.3 ± 4.5 d | 216.0 ± 5.3 c |
Characteristic | Control | W. coagulans PR06 Fermented Samples with Different IA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1% | 3% | 5% | ||
Chain length distribution of amylopectin (%) | ||||
A (DP 6~12) | 24.66 ± 1.33 b | 24.79 ± 1.12 b | 21.90 ± 1.37 a | 20.16 ± 1.80 a |
B1 (DP 13~24) | 52.44 ± 1.17 a | 52.53 ± 2.39 a | 55.13 ± 2.12 ab | 57.13 ± 1.39 b |
B2 (DP 25~36) | 12.81 ± 1.18 a | 12.91 ± 1.01 a | 12.75 ± 0.77 a | 12.69 ± 0.80 a |
B3 (DP ≥ 37) | 10.10 ± 0.38 a | 9.78 ± 0.61 a | 10.22 ± 1.47 a | 10.03 ± 0.84 a |
Starch short-range ordered structure | ||||
FTIR ratio (R 995/1022) | 0.43 ± 0.05 a | 0.47 ± 0.05 a | 0.57 ± 0.06 b | 0.58 ± 0.10 b |
Starch fractions | ||||
RDS (%) | 67.82 ± 2.16 c | 63.72 ± 1.94 bc | 58.49 ± 1.84 a | 60.53 ± 2.37 ab |
SDS (%) | 19.72 ± 1.28 ab | 21.19 ± 1.18 ab | 22.70 ± 1.87 b | 18.76 ± 1.25 a |
RS (%) | 12.46 ± 1.07 a | 15.09 ± 1.44 a | 18.81 ± 2.01 b | 20.71 ± 1.27 b |
Characteristic | Control | W. coagulans PR06 Fermented Samples with Different IA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1% | 3% | 5% | ||
To (°C) | 46.96 ± 0.32 a | 47.34 ± 1.03 a | 46.55 ± 0.65 a | 46.31 ± 1.05 a |
Tp (°C) | 55.12 ± 0.53 a | 56.04 ± 0.99 a | 55.76 ± 1.25 a | 56.56 ± 1.01 a |
Tc (°C) | 64.13 ± 0.92 a | 64.81 ± 1.16 a | 65.45 ± 1.39 a | 65.37 ± 1.56 a |
Tc-To (°C) | 17.17 ± 0.63 a | 17.47 ± 0.56 a | 18.91 ± 0.76 b | 19.06 ± 0.56 b |
ΔH (J/g) | 0.78 ± 0.02 a | 0.84 ± 0.04 a | 1.31 ± 0.04 b | 1.34 ± 0.08 b |
TPC (mg GAE/g DW) | 2.53 ± 0.21 a | 2.51 ± 0.19 a | 2.59 ± 0.23 a | 2.54 ± 0.17 a |
T-AOC (mM Fe2SO4/g) | 9.16 ± 0.63 a | 9.11 ± 0.57 a | 9.33 ± 0.72 a | 9.24 ± 0.68 a |
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Huang, J.; Lai, P.; Xiang, L.; Lin, B.; Li, W.; Yu, W.; Wang, Q. Influences of Weizmannia coagulans PR06 Fermentation on Texture, Cooking Quality and Starch Digestibility of Oolong Tea-Fortified Rice Noodles. Foods 2024, 13, 2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172673
Huang J, Lai P, Xiang L, Lin B, Li W, Yu W, Wang Q. Influences of Weizmannia coagulans PR06 Fermentation on Texture, Cooking Quality and Starch Digestibility of Oolong Tea-Fortified Rice Noodles. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172673
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Juqing, Pufu Lai, Lihui Xiang, Bin Lin, Weibin Li, Wenquan Yu, and Qi Wang. 2024. "Influences of Weizmannia coagulans PR06 Fermentation on Texture, Cooking Quality and Starch Digestibility of Oolong Tea-Fortified Rice Noodles" Foods 13, no. 17: 2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172673