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Article

The Effect of Sex on the Chemical and Mineral Composition of the Meat, Bone and Liver of Giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis)

by
Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
1,2,*,
Bianca L. Silberbauer
1,
Tersia Needham
3,
Daniel Bureš
4,
Radim Kotrba
3,5 and
Philip E. Strydom
1
1
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
2
Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Digital Agricultural Building, Gatton 4343, Australia
3
Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
4
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
5
Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříněves, 10400 Prague, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2024, 13(3), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030394
Submission received: 15 December 2023 / Revised: 15 January 2024 / Accepted: 16 January 2024 / Published: 25 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Game Production Chain: A Sustainable Approach to Safety, Quality, and Consumer Perception of Game Meat and Products)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Consumers tend to buy meat based on visual physical characteristics, which are affected by the chemical composition of the meat, and there is very little known about the chemical composition of the meat of giraffe. This study therefore aims to broaden the knowledge base on the chemical composition of giraffe meat, rib bone and liver. Eight different muscles from 15 giraffes were analyzed to determine the chemical composition, yielding an average moisture of 77.2 ± 0.09 g/100 g meat, an average protein of 20.8 ± 0.09 g/100 g meat, an average intramuscular fat (IMF) of 1.4 ± 0.03 g/100 g meat and an average ash of 1.1 ± 0.01 g/100 g meat. There was a significant interaction between sex and muscle for the moisture, protein and ash contents, while only muscle had an effect on the fat content. The mineral content of the bone, liver and Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was also analyzed, and bone was found to be a rich source of calcium (highest concentration), whilst the liver had the highest concentration of iron. The chemical composition of the giraffe meat was such that it could be classified as lean meat.
Keywords: game meat; giraffe; muscle; liver; bone; lipid content; moisture; ash; protein; mineral game meat; giraffe; muscle; liver; bone; lipid content; moisture; ash; protein; mineral

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hoffman, L.C.; Silberbauer, B.L.; Needham, T.; Bureš, D.; Kotrba, R.; Strydom, P.E. The Effect of Sex on the Chemical and Mineral Composition of the Meat, Bone and Liver of Giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis). Foods 2024, 13, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030394

AMA Style

Hoffman LC, Silberbauer BL, Needham T, Bureš D, Kotrba R, Strydom PE. The Effect of Sex on the Chemical and Mineral Composition of the Meat, Bone and Liver of Giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis). Foods. 2024; 13(3):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030394

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hoffman, Louwrens Christiaan, Bianca L. Silberbauer, Tersia Needham, Daniel Bureš, Radim Kotrba, and Philip E. Strydom. 2024. "The Effect of Sex on the Chemical and Mineral Composition of the Meat, Bone and Liver of Giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis)" Foods 13, no. 3: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030394

APA Style

Hoffman, L. C., Silberbauer, B. L., Needham, T., Bureš, D., Kotrba, R., & Strydom, P. E. (2024). The Effect of Sex on the Chemical and Mineral Composition of the Meat, Bone and Liver of Giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis). Foods, 13(3), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030394

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