Nutrient Composition of Different Hazelnut Cultivars Grown in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Quantification of Main Constituents of Hazelnuts
2.3. Fatty Acid Composition
2.4. Tocopherol Determination
2.5. Quantification of Minerals, Trace and Ultra-Trace Elements
2.6. Statistics
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fat, Crude Protein, Dietary Fiber, Moisture and Ash
3.2. Fatty Acid Composition
3.3. Tocopherols
3.4. Micronutrients
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fat | Protein | Dietary Fiber | Ash | Moisture | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tonda di Giffoni | 62.7 ± 1.0 | 16.5 ± 0.2 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.0 | 3.9 ± 0.0 |
Juningia | 62.3 ± 0.7 | 11.7 ± 0.1 | 15.3 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.0 | 3.8 ± 0.0 |
Ennis | 59.8 ± 0.6 | 12.4 ± 0.1 | 18.9 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.0 |
Cosford | 52.6 ± 0.8 | 10.2 ± 0.2 | 14.9 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.4 |
Red Lambert | 64.8 ± 0.8 | 10.6 ± 0.2 | 16.4 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.0 | 3.3 ± 0.0 |
Englische Riesen | 51.9 ± 0.0 | 19.7 ± 0.2 | 14.9 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 |
Webb’s Prize Cob | 50.9 ± 0.1 | 15.9 ± 0.0 | 22.2 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.0 | 4.5 ± 0.1 |
Gustav’s Zellernuss | 60.6 ± 1.3 | 14.3 ± 0.1 | 18.1 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 |
Pauetet | 57.7 ± 0.2 | 16.0 ± 0.0 | 14.4 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.0 | 3.9 ± 0.1 |
Corabel | 47.9 ± 0.8 | 22.1 ± 0.1 | 14.7 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 4.4 ± 0.0 |
Hall’s Giant | 54.1 ± 1.3 | 18.4 ± 0.1 | 19.7 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.0 | 4.0 ± 0.0 |
Merveille de Bollweiler | 54.1 ± 1.4 | 14.2 ± 0.2 | 19.5 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.0 | 4.3 ± 0.0 |
Gunslebener Zellernuss | 50.3 ± 0.3 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 16.7 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.0 |
Emoa-1 | 56.9 ± 0.3 | 15.1 ± 0.1 | 13.9 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.0 | 3.9 ± 0.0 |
Barcelloner Zellernuss | 60.2 ± 0.2 | 16.1 ± 0.1 | 13.4 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.0 | 3.9 ± 0.1 |
C16:0 | C18:0 | C18:1 n-9 | C18:2 n-6 (LA) 2 | C-18:3 n-3 (ALA) 3 | Σ SFA 4 | Σ MUFA 5 | Σ PUFA 6 | Σ n-3 | Σ n-6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tonda di Giffoni | 4.5 | 1.8 | 81.7 | 10.3 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 83.0 | 10.7 | 0.1 | 10.3 |
Juningia | 4.7 | 1.8 | 81.0 | 10.5 | 0.1 | 6.8 | 82.6 | 10.7 | 0.1 | 10.5 |
Ennis | 5.2 | 1.8 | 77.1 | 13.9 | 0.1 | 7.2 | 78.8 | 14.0 | 0.1 | 13.9 |
Cosford | 4.7 | 1.2 | 68.1 | 24.1 | 0.2 | 6.0 | 69.7 | 24.3 | 0.2 | 24.1 |
Red Lambert | 4.9 | 1.9 | 80.3 | 11.0 | 0.1 | 7.0 | 81.8 | 11.2 | 0.1 | 11.0 |
Englische Riesen | 4.1 | 1.0 | 69.0 | 24.0 | 0.2 | 5.2 | 70.5 | 24.3 | 0.2 | 24.0 |
Webb’s Prize Cob | 4.9 | 0.8 | 65.8 | 26.2 | 0.2 | 5.9 | 67.6 | 26.5 | 0.2 | 26.2 |
Gustav’s Zellernuss | 4.4 | 1.7 | 76.4 | 15.6 | 0.1 | 6.3 | 77.9 | 15.8 | 0.1 | 15.6 |
Pauetet | 4.7 | 2.1 | 80.8 | 10.6 | 0.1 | 7.0 | 82.2 | 10.8 | 0.1 | 10.6 |
Corabel | 4.9 | 1.0 | 65.1 | 26.8 | 0.2 | 6.1 | 66.9 | 27.0 | 0.2 | 26.8 |
Hall’s Giant | 4.3 | 1.7 | 75.2 | 16.9 | 0.1 | 6.3 | 76.6 | 17.1 | 0.1 | 16.9 |
Merveille de Bollweiler | 4.4 | 1.4 | 77.0 | 15.3 | 0.1 | 6.0 | 78.6 | 15.5 | 0.1 | 15.3 |
Gunslebener Zellernuss | 4.6 | 1.1 | 66.2 | 25.9 | 0.2 | 5.9 | 67.9 | 26.1 | 0.2 | 25.9 |
Emoa-1 | 4.6 | 1.8 | 72.1 | 19.5 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 73.6 | 19.8 | 0.1 | 19.5 |
Barcelloner Zellernuss | 4.3 | 1.8 | 79.4 | 12.8 | 0.1 | 6.3 | 80.7 | 13.0 | 0.1 | 12.8 |
α-Tocopherol | β-Tocopherol | γ-Tocopherol | δ-Tocopherol | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tonda di Giffoni | 13.5 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Juningia | 28.9 | 0.80 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Ennis | 21.2 | 0.60 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Cosford | 20.7 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Red Lambert | 24.8 | <0.6 | 2.00 | <0.6 |
Englische Riesen | 16.6 | 0.60 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Webb’s Prize Cob | 16.3 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Gustav’s Zellernuss | 13.3 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Pauetet | 19.2 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Corabel | 10.9 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Hall’s Giant | 9.9 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Merveille de Bollweiler | 11.8 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Gunslebener Zellernuss | 18.6 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Emoa-1 | 15.6 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Barcelloner Zellernuss | 16.1 | <0.6 | <1.0 | <0.6 |
Mg (mg/100 g) | Ca (mg/100 g) | Mn (mg/100 g) | Fe (mg/100 g) | Cu (mg/100 g) | Zn (mg/100 g) | Mo (mg/100 g) | Se (µg/100 g) | As (µg/100 g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tonda di Giffoni | 148 ± 3 | 177 ± 4 | 2.78 ± 0.09 | 3.02 ± 0.04 | 1.14 ± 0.02 | 2.48 ± 0.03 | 0.109 ± 0.003 | 5.10 ± 0.20 | 1.57 ± 0.14 |
Juningia | 155 ± 3 | 155 ± 1 | 1.22 ± 0.02 | 2.88 ± 0.07 | 0.948 ± 0.013 | 2.12 ± 0.003 | 0.310 ± 0.004 | 4.33 ± 0.28 | 0.95 ± 0.04 |
Ennis | 162 ± 3 | 140 ± 2 | 1.17 ± 0.02 | 3.21 ± 0.02 | 0.764 ± 0.011 | 2.36 ± 0.05 | 0.414 ± 0.004 | 3.11 ± 0.11 | 2.01 ± 0.06 |
Cosford | 178 ± 3 | 247 ± 2 | 2.94 ± 0.01 | 3.42 ± 0.03 | 1.26 ± 0.01 | 2.91 ± 0.03 | 0.256 ± 0.003 | 4.55 ± 0.45 | 2.53 ± 0.09 |
Red Lambert | 151 ± 1 | 176 ± 1 | 0.682 ± 0.001 | 3.34 ± 0.03 | 1.21 ± 0.004 | 2.48 ± 0.01 | 0.231 ± 0.002 | 2.73 ± 0.21 | 2.57 ± 0.07 |
Englische Riesen | 211 ± 1 | 241 ± 3 | 2.71 ± 0.02 | 3.09 ± 0.04 | 1.36 ± 0.01 | 2.87 ± 0.01 | 0.309 ± 0.002 | 4.49 ± 0.47 | 3.58 ± 0.04 |
Webb’s Prize Cob | 173 ± 3 | 235 ± 3 | 1.40 ± 0.01 | 3.71 ± 0.05 | 1.06 ± 0.02 | 2.92 ± 0.01 | 0.331 ± 0.006 | 3.69 ± 0.23 | 3.47 ± 0.12 |
Gustav’s Zellernuss | 206 ± 2 | 224 ± 1 | 2.10 ± 0.01 | 3.90 ± 0.004 | 1.84 ± 0.06 | 3.01 ± 0.01 | 0.479 ± 0.010 | 3.29 ± 0.27 | 3.81 ± 0.07 |
Pauetet | 162 ± 2 | 175 ± 0.4 | 1.87 ± 0.02 | 3.73 ± 0.06 | 1.52 ± 0.02 | 3.02 ± 0.04 | 0.117 ± 0.001 | 6.25 ± 0.51 | 2.35 ± 0.06 |
Corabel | 188 ± 5 | 212 ± 5 | 2.91 ± 0.05 | 4.26 ± 0.11 | 2.17 ± 0.03 | 3.93 ± 0.06 | 0.280 ± 0.005 | 4.79 ± 0.45 | 2.38 ± 0.07 |
Hall’s Giant | 182 ± 1 | 211 ± 14 | 1.67 ± 0.10 | 3.67 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.05 | 3.40 ± 0.03 | 0.297 ± 0.005 | 2.94 ± 0.23 | 2.91 ± 0.07 |
Merveille de Bollweiler | 213 ± 5 | 201 ± 6 | 1.77 ± 0.04 | 3.74 ± 0.12 | 1.85 ± 0.05 | 2.88 ± 0.05 | 0.515 ± 0.008 | 3.68 ± 0.05 | 2.13 ± 0.05 |
Gunslebener Zellernuss | 209 ± 3 | 207 ± 1 | 3.92 ± 0.02 | 4.67 ± 0.03 | 1.79 ± 0.04 | 3.43 ± 0.03 | 0.351 ± 0.001 | 4.11 ± 0.56 | 2.69 ± 0.03 |
Emoa-1 | 180 ± 3 | 225 ± 1 | 1.94 ± 0.04 | 3.49 ± 0.05 | 0.972 ± 0.010 | 2.81 ± 0.02 | 0.279 ± 0.004 | 4.23 ± 0.11 | 1.99 ± 0.07 |
Barcelloner Zellernuss | 171 ± 6 | 232 ± 11 | 2.33 ± 0.10 | 3.99 ± 0.29 | 0.779 ± 0.027 | 2.68 ± 0.11 | 0.204 ± 0.003 | 3.83 ± 0.26 | 2.61 ± 0.16 |
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Müller, A.K.; Helms, U.; Rohrer, C.; Möhler, M.; Hellwig, F.; Glei, M.; Schwerdtle, T.; Lorkowski, S.; Dawczynski, C. Nutrient Composition of Different Hazelnut Cultivars Grown in Germany. Foods 2020, 9, 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111596
Müller AK, Helms U, Rohrer C, Möhler M, Hellwig F, Glei M, Schwerdtle T, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C. Nutrient Composition of Different Hazelnut Cultivars Grown in Germany. Foods. 2020; 9(11):1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111596
Chicago/Turabian StyleMüller, Anke Katharina, Ute Helms, Carsten Rohrer, Monika Möhler, Frank Hellwig, Michael Glei, Tanja Schwerdtle, Stefan Lorkowski, and Christine Dawczynski. 2020. "Nutrient Composition of Different Hazelnut Cultivars Grown in Germany" Foods 9, no. 11: 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111596
APA StyleMüller, A. K., Helms, U., Rohrer, C., Möhler, M., Hellwig, F., Glei, M., Schwerdtle, T., Lorkowski, S., & Dawczynski, C. (2020). Nutrient Composition of Different Hazelnut Cultivars Grown in Germany. Foods, 9(11), 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111596